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Jin DL, Kim KH, Chung ES, Yoon SJ. Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:260-268. [PMID: 38857891 PMCID: PMC11164609 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.24.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regional disparities in cardiovascular care in Korea have led to uneven patient outcomes. Despite the growing need for and access to procedures, few studies have linked regional service availability to mortality rates. This study analyzed regional variation in the utilization of major cardiovascular procedures and their associations with short-term mortality to provide better evidence regarding the relationship between healthcare resource distribution and patient survival. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationwide claims data for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stent insertion, or aortic aneurysm resection in 2022. Regional variation was assessed by the relevance index (RI). The associations between the regional RI and 30-day mortality were analyzed. RESULTS The RI was lowest for aortic aneurysm resection (mean, 26.2; standard deviation, 26.1), indicating the most uneven regional distribution among the surgical procedures. Patients undergoing this procedure in regions with higher RIs showed significantly lower 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.96; p=0.026) versus those with lower RIs. This suggests that cardiovascular surgery regional availability, as measured by RI, has an impact on mortality rates for certain complex surgical procedures. The RI was not associated with significant mortality differences for more widely available procedures like CABG (aOR, 0.96), PCI (aOR, 1.00), or stent insertion (aOR, 0.91). CONCLUSIONS Significant regional variation and underutilization of cardiovascular surgery were found, with reduced access linked to worse mortality for complex procedures. Disparities should be addressed through collaboration among hospitals and policy efforts to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal-Lae Jin
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Health Administration, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Euy Suk Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Future Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Park YS, Song IS, Jang S, Nam CM, Park E. Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation Health Insurance Coverage on Cardiac Rehabilitation Use in Korea Using an Interrupted Time Series. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031395. [PMID: 38293924 PMCID: PMC11056114 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2017, the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in Korea has been included in the coverage provided by the National Health Insurance to alleviate financial burden. Our study aimed to identify changes in the CR program use according to the implementation of CR coverage. METHODS AND RESULTS We obtained data from the electronic medical records of a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea from January 2014 to February 2020. Data from 2988 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were included. To examine the CR use trend among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, the electronic medical records data of the patients were aggregated quarterly, resulting in a maximum of 24 repeated measures for each patient. Segmented regression is often used to estimate the effects of interventions in an interrupted time series. Policy implementation led to a prompt increase in the probability of CR use (odds ratio [OR], 3.99 [95% CI, 2.89-5.51]). After the implementation of CR coverage, no significant change in CR use (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.92-1.01]) was observed. After percutaneous coronary intervention, more patients opted for CR, especially those receiving education compared with exercise (education: OR, 87.44 [95% CI, 36.79-207.83] versus exercise: OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.43-2.76]). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of CR coverage resulted in a rapid increase in the probability of CR use. Use of the educational program was higher than that of the exercise program. Given the persistently low use of CR, it is imperative to stimulate its adoption by increasing its availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shin Park
- Department of Public HealthGraduate School, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services ResearchYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - In Sun Song
- Department of Health PolicyGraduate School of Public Health, Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Suk‐Yong Jang
- Institute of Health Services ResearchYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Healthcare ManagementGraduate School of Public Health, Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Public HealthGraduate School, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services ResearchYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Chen KC, Hsu CN, Wu CH, Lin KL, Chen SM, Lee Y, Hsu CY, Hsu CW, Huang CY, Huang SH, Liao CT, Soong C, Chen PW, Yeh SM, Wu CC, Lin CI, Guo NW, Li YH, Lin TH, Chen CH, Huang CY, Chen SY, Wang YC, Huang WC, Chou W, Chen WJ. 2023 TAMIS/TSOC/TACVPR Consensus Statement for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Rehabilitation. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:783-806. [PMID: 38022422 PMCID: PMC10646588 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202311_39(6).20230921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive intervention recommended in international and Taiwanese guidelines for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Evidence supports that cardiac rehabilitation improves the health-related quality of life, enhances exercise capacity, reduces readmission rates, and promotes survival in patients with cardiovascular disease. The cardiac rehabilitation team is comprehensive and multidisciplinary. The inpatient, outpatient, and maintenance phases are included in cardiac rehabilitation. All patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction should be referred to the rehabilitation department as soon as clinically feasible. Pre-exercise evaluation, including exercise testing, helps physicians identify the risks of cardiac rehabilitation and organize appropriate exercise prescriptions. Therefore, the Taiwan Myocardial Infarction Society (TAMIS), Taiwan Society of Cardiology (TSOC), and Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (TACVPR) address this consensus statement to assist healthcare practitioners in performing cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Cheng Chen
- Kangze Rehabilitation Clinic, Taoyuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Chih-Neng Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ko-Lung Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Shyh-Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Yuchun Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Chien-Yi Hsu
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | | | - Chi-Yao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | | | - Chia-Te Liao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Christina Soong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Po-Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Shu-Ming Yeh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan
| | - Chang-Cheng Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan
| | - Cho-I Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin
| | - Nai-Wen Guo
- Institue of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Chia-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaoshiung Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaoshiung
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital
| | - Ssu-Yuan Chen
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
- Fu Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, New Taipei City
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Asia University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung
| | - Willy Chou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kim KH, Han JY. Fact Sheet on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Cardiovascular Disease in South Korea. Ann Rehabil Med 2023; 47:318-325. [PMID: 37907223 PMCID: PMC10620486 DOI: 10.5535/arm.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health challenge globally, including in Korea, due to its status as a leading cause of death and its impact on cardiopulmonary function. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a well-established program that not only aids in restoring cardiopulmonary function, but also improves physical and social conditions. The benefits of CR are widely recognized, and it is implemented globally. While the effectiveness of CR has been proven in Korea, it is underutilized. This fact sheet summarizes the current status of CR in Korea, including the prevalence of CVD, the clinical practice guidelines for CR programs, and the challenges of implementing CR in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hong Kim
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Chang YC, Lin HF, Chen YF, Chen HY, Shiu YT, Shi HY. Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) in the Functional Status Measures in Patients with Stroke: Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5828. [PMID: 37762771 PMCID: PMC10532241 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposed to evaluate the temporal trend, define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for five functional status measures, and identify risk factors for reaching deterioration in the MCID. This prospective cohort study analyzed 680 patients with ischemic stroke and 151 patients with hemorrhagic stroke at six hospitals between April 2015 and October 2021. All patients completed the functional status measures before rehabilitation (baseline), and at the 12th week and 2nd year after rehabilitation. Patients in the post-acute care (PAC) group exhibited significantly larger improvements for the functional status measures compared to those in the non-PAC group (p < 0.05). Patients with hemorrhagic stroke also displayed larger improvements in the functional status measures when compared to patients with ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the improvement in MCID ranged from 0.01 to 16.18 points when comparing baseline and the 12th week after rehabilitation, but the deterioration in MCID ranged from 0.38 to 16.12 points. Simultaneously, assessing the baseline and the second year after rehabilitation, the improvement in MCID ranged from 0.01 to 18.43 points, but the deterioration in MCID ranged from 0.68 to 17.26 points. Additionally, the PAC program, age, education level, body mass index, smoking, readmission within 30 days, baseline functional status score, use of Foley catheter and nasogastric tube, as well as a history of previous stroke are significantly associated with achieving deterioration in MCID (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that if the mean change scores of the functional status measures have reached the thresholds, the change scores can be perceived by patients as clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chien Chang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Chen
- Department of Clinical Education & Research, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Yaw Chen
- Superintendent and Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tsz Shiu
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hon-Yi Shi
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Kim C, Song JH, Kim SH. Validation of Wearable Digital Devices for Heart Rate Measurement During Exercise Test in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Ann Rehabil Med 2023; 47:261-271. [PMID: 37536665 PMCID: PMC10475817 DOI: 10.5535/arm.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of recently commercialized wearable devices in heart rate (HR) measurement during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) under gradual increase in exercise intensity, while wearable devices with HR monitors are reported to be less accurate in different exercise intensities. METHODS CPX was performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve lead electrocardiograph (ECG) was the gold standard and Apple watch 7 (AW7), Galaxy watch 4 (GW4) and Bio Patch Mobicare 200 (MC200) were applied for comparison. Paired absolute difference (PAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for each device. RESULTS Forty-four participants with CAD were included. All the devices showed MAPE under 2% and ICC above 0.9 in rest, exercise and recovery phases (MC200=0.999, GW4=0.997, AW7=0.998). When comparing exercise and recovery phase, PAD of MC200 and AW7 in recovery phase were significantly bigger than PAD of exercise phase (p<0.05). Although not significant, PAD of GW4 tended to be bigger in recovery phase, too. Also, when stratified by HR 20, ICC of all the devices were highest under HR of 100, and ICC decreased as HR increased. However, except for ICC of GW4 at HR above 160 (=0.867), all ICCs exceeded 0.9 indicating excellent accuracy. CONCLUSION The HR measurement of the devices validated in this study shows a high concordance with the ECG device, so CAD patients may benefit from the devices during high-intensity exercise under conditions where HR is measured reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi HE, Kim C, Lee DJ, Joo JE, Kim HS. Participation and Prognostic Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation After Acute Coronary Syndrome: Big-Data Study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e119. [PMID: 37069813 PMCID: PMC10111042 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the actual rate and quality of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation in South Korea and its short-term impact on clinical outcomes after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS Data, including confirmed ACS diagnosis, socio-demographics, comorbidities, clinical outcomes, and CR claim codes, were collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database and compared between the CR and non-CR groups. RESULTS Overall, 102,544 patients were included in the study, of which only 5.8% attended CR. Regarding testing, 83.6% of CR patients performed the cardiopulmonary exercise test, but follow-up testing was infrequently performed; in addition, 53.1% of them participated in an electrocardiogram monitoring exercise, but over half participated in only one session. After 1:1 propensity score matching, post-ACS cardiovascular events were significantly lower in the CR group than in the non-CR group. The cumulative 3-year hazard ratio for all-cause death was 0.612 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.495-0.756), recurrent ACS was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.853-0.993), CR readmission was 0.817 (95% CI, 0.768-0.868), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was 0.827 (95% CI, 0.781-0.874) in the CR group. CR was associated with a significant dose-response effect on MACE, with a reduction in incidence from 0.854 to 0.711. CONCLUSION The actual rate of CR participation in South Korea remains low, and participation quality was not outstanding despite National Health Insurance coverage. Nevertheless, the impact of CR on cardiovascular outcomes after ACS was significantly superior. Efforts to increase CR participation should be increased by establishing new CR facilities and strategies to resolve associated barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Eun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Da-Jung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Joo
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seob Kim
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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Sung J. Still, Long Way to Go: Current Status and Perspective of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e122. [PMID: 37069815 PMCID: PMC10111038 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Prevention & Rehabilitation Center, Heart Vascular & Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Sung J, Kim C, Han JY, Jee S, Lee JW, Lee JH, Kim WS, Bang HJ, Baek S, Joa KL, Kim AR, Lee SY, Kim J, Kim CR, Kwon OP. Comprehensiveness of cardiac rehabilitation program in Korea: a nation-wide survey result. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:186. [PMID: 37024773 PMCID: PMC10079148 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an essential component in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Current guidelines recommend that the program should be comprehensive including multidisciplinary behavioral intervention, not only exercise training. While the utilization of CR is gradually increasing, the comprehensiveness of the program has not been systemically evaluated in Korea. METHODS During the year 2020, nation-wide survey was done to evaluate the current status of CR in Korea. Survey was done by web-based structured questionnaire. Survey was requested to 164 hospitals performing percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS Among 164 hospitals, 47 (28.7%) hospitals had CR programs. In hospitals with CR, multidisciplinary intervention other than exercise-based program was provided only partially: nutritional counseling (63%), vocational counseling for return to work (39%), stress management (31%), psychological evaluation (18%). Personnel for CR was commonly not dedicated to the program or even absent: (percentage of dedicated, concurrent with other work, absent) physical therapist (59, 41, 0%), nurse (31, 69, 0%), dietician (6, 65, 29%), clinical psychologist (0, 37, 63%). CONCLUSION Comprehensiveness of CR in Korea is suboptimal and human resource for it is poorly disposed. More awareness of current status by both clinicians and health policy makers is needed and insurance reimbursement for educational program should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 115 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06355, Korea.
| | - Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, 01757, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jang Woo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, 10444, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong A University College of Medicine, Busan, 49201, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Korea
| | - Heui Je Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24289, Korea
| | - Kyung-Lim Joa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, 63241, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Korea
| | - Chung Reen Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Korea
| | - Oh Pum Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Korea
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Lee JI, Han JY, Gwak HB, Moon CW, Sohn MK, Jee S, Kim C. Financial InceNtives for cArdiac rehabilitatioN ComplEtion (FINANCE) (single blind pragmatic RCT). Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32936. [PMID: 36827069 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is strongly indicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and has been proven to reduce mortality and recurrence and improve patients quality of life. Although clinical guidelines for CR have already been developed domestically and internationally, hospital-based CR remains underutilized. Currently, studies exploring strategies to improve CR participation in South Korea and Asia are limited. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the effect of providing CR financial incentives to post-MI patients referred for outpatient CR and to confirm the effect of increasing CR participation and completion rates. METHODS This single-blind, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial will be conducted at 2 tertiary hospitals for CR after acute MI. The control and experimental groups will be randomized, with each group consisting of 24 participants (total of 48 participants) assigned in a 1:1 ratio. The experimental group will receive 4, 7, and 11 USD per completed session of CR during the 1st to 12th, 13 to 24th, and 25th to 36th sessions of CR, respectively, for 3 months after enrollment. Participants who completed the 36 sessions will receive 260 USD incentives. The primary outcomes at 3 months will be used to assess the CR participation rate, as the number of CR sessions completed, and CR completion, as attendance of sessions greater than 50%, thus completion of ≥18 sessions. The outcomes will be used to compare changes in cardiorespiratory function (VO2 max, VO2 at anabolic threshold), the Korean activity scale index, EuroQol 5 dimensions, and the patient health questionnaire at 3 months after discharge and 6 and 12 months after baseline. DISCUSSION Providing financial incentives may confirm the effect of increasing CR on participation and completion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Bin Gwak
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Moon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyun Sohn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim C, Kwak HB, Sung J, Han JY, Lee JW, Lee JH, Kim WS, Bang HJ, Baek S, Joa KL, Kim AR, Lee SY, Kim J, Kim CR, Kwon OP, Sohn MK, Moon CW, Lee JI, Jee S. A survey of the perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of cardiac rehabilitation in healthcare providers and policy stakeholders. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:999. [PMID: 35932056 PMCID: PMC9356496 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a prognostic management strategy to help patients with CVD achieve a good quality of life and lower the rates of recurrence, readmission, and premature death from disease. Globally, cardiac rehabilitation is poorly established in hospitals and communities. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the discrepancies in the perceptions of the need for CR programs and relevant health policies between directors of hospitals and health policy personnel in South Korea to shed light on the status and to establish practically superior and effective strategies to promote CR in South Korea. Methods We sent a questionnaire to 592 public health policy managers and directors of selected hospitals, 132 of whom returned a completed questionnaire (response rate: 22.3%). The participants were categorized into five types of organizations depending on their practice of PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention), establishment of cardiac rehabilitation, director of hospital, and government's policy makers. Differences in the opinions between directors of hospitals that perform/do not perform PCI, directors of hospitals with/without cardiac rehabilitation, and between hospital directors and health policy makers were analyzed. Results Responses about targeting diseases for cardiac rehabilitation, patients’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation, hospitals’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation, and governmental health policies’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation were more positive among hospitals that perform PCI than those that do not. Responses to questions about the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation and hospitals’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation tended to be more positive in hospitals with cardiac rehabilitation than in those without. Hospital directors responded more positively to questions about targeting diseases for cardiac rehabilitation and governmental health policies’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation than policy makers, and both hospitals and public organizations provided negative responses to the question about patients’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation. Responses to questions about targeting diseases for cardiac rehabilitation, patients’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation, and governmental health policies’ roles in cardiac rehabilitation were more positive in hospitals that perform PCI than those that do not and public organizations. Conclusions Hospitals must ensure timely referral, provide education, and promote the need for cardiac rehabilitation. In addition, governmental socioeconomic support is needed in a varity of aspects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08298-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Bin Kwak
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National Univeristy College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jang Woo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heui Je Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Lim Joa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University Medical School, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Chung Reen Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Oh Pum Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Min Kyun Sohn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National Univeristy College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Won Moon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National Univeristy College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National Univeristy College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National Univeristy College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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12
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Kim C, Sung J, Han JY, Jee S, Lee JW, Lee JH, Kim WS, Bang HJ, Baek S, Joa KL, Kim AR, Lee SY, Kim J, Kim CR, Kwon OP. A Comparison of Barrier Factors between Hospitals with and without Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Korea: A Nation-Wide Survey Research. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092560. [PMID: 35566686 PMCID: PMC9100867 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The percentage of patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) is very low (30–40%), and hospitals providing CRP are either insufficient or lacking, even in countries with advanced medical care; therefore, this study aims to investigate the barriers, as well as compare the differences between hospitals, with or without CRP. We conducted a survey, in which the questionnaire was distributed through post or email to 607 specialists who work at 164 hospitals performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The results were as follows: (1) of the 164 hospitals, 132 responded (response rate: 80.5%). While all 47 hospitals with CRP responded (100%), from among the 117 hospitals without CRP, 85 responded (72.7%). (2) Of the 607 specialists, 227 responded (response rate: 36.9%). The response rates according to specialties were as follows: cardiologists (28.9%), cardiac surgeons (24.5%), and physiatrists (64.1%). (3) While the specialists at hospitals with CRP identified patient referral, transportation, and cost as the major barriers, for those at hospitals without CRP, all items were considered barriers, especially the items related to equipment, space, workforce, and budget as being more serious barriers. Therefore, in order to actively promote CRP, it is suggested that governments consider the customized support system according to the performance of CRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea;
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-220-5186
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Jang Woo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Korea;
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (O.P.K.)
| | - Heui Je Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Lim Joa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Korea;
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea;
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Chung Reen Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| | - Oh Pum Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (O.P.K.)
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13
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Kim C, Sung J, Han JY, Jee S, Lee JW, Lee JH, Kim WS, Bang HJ, Baek S, Joa KL, Kim AR, Lee SY, Kim J, Kim CR, Kwon OP. Evaluation of Current Resources Available for Community-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea: A Nationwide Survey Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e109. [PMID: 35411729 PMCID: PMC9001186 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Korea, the actual distribution of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) to the clinical field is insufficient due to the many barriers for cardiovascular patients to participate in CR. Community-based CR is a useful alternative to overcome these obstacles. Through a nationwide survey, we investigated the possibility of regional medical and public health management institutes which can be in charge of community-based CR in Korea. METHODS The questionnaires on recognition of CR and current available resources in health-related institutions were developed with reference to the CR evaluation tools of York University and the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. The questionnaires were sent to regional public and private medical institutions and public health management institutions. RESULTS In total, 2,267 questionnaires were sent to 1,186 institutions. There were 241 and 242 responses from 173 and 179 regional private and public medical institutions, respectively. And a total of 244 responses were gathered from 180 public health management institutions. Although many institutions were equipped with the necessary facilities for exercise training, there were few patient-monitoring systems during exercise. Most institutions were aware of the need for CR, but were burdened with the cost of establishing personnel and facilities to operate CR. CONCLUSION Most regional medical, and public health management institutions in Korea are unprepared for the implementation of community-based CR programs. To encourage the utilization of such, there should be efforts to establish a national consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jang Woo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Heui Je Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Lim Joa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University Medical School, Iksan, Korea
| | - Chung Reen Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Oh Pum Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Depressive Symptoms After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Association With Low Functional Capacity and Physical Activity. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:442-448. [PMID: 35383650 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depressive symptoms after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are related with adverse health outcomes. However, the risk factors and course of depressive symptoms after AMI have not been widely investigated, especially in Asian populations. We aimed to evaluate changes in the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors at 3 mo after AMI. We also investigated the associations among functional capacity, physical activity (PA), and depressive symptoms. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted for 1545 patients who were admitted for AMI and referred to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) between August 2015 and March 2019. Of these patients, 626 patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Korean Activity Scale Index (KASI), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) 3 mo following AMI. A PHQ-9 score of ≥5 was considered to indicate depressive symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30% at baseline and decreased to 12% at 3 mo after AMI. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with low functional capacity (OR = 2.20, P = .004) and unemployment status (OR = 1.82, P = .023). After adjusting for variables including functional capacity, depressive symptoms exhibited a significant relationship with low PA after AMI (OR = 1.80, P = .023). CONCLUSION Systematic screening and treatment for depressive symptoms and efforts to promote CR may help to improve PA and functional capacity in Korean patients with AMI. Such efforts may aid in reducing the depressive symptoms and related adverse outcomes.
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