Clinical Outcomes following Large Vessel Coronary Artery Perforation Treated with Covered Stent Implantation: Comparison between Polytetrafluoroethylene- and Polyurethane-Covered Stents (CRACK-II Registry)

Meta-long Papyrus: Meta-analysis of mid to long-term outcomes of PK Papyrus covered stent

BACKGROUND

Although covered stents (CS) represent a potentially life-saving intervention for coronary perforation (CAP), their application has expanded to other contexts, including coronary aneurysms (CAA). However, data regarding mid- and long-term outcomes of CS in these settings scenarios remains limited.

AIMS

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate major adverse cardiac events (MACE) from discharge through long-term follow-up in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with the new generation polyurethane-covered cobalt-chromium PK Papyrus CS.

METHODS

We conducted a meta-analysis of data from three observational trials that included long-term follow-up of patients who underwent PK Papyrus CS implantation: Papyrus-Spain, SOS PK Papyrus, and PAST-PERF registry.

RESULTS

332 patients underwent PK Papyrus CS implantation, 236 (71.1%) for CAP, 70 (21.1%) for CAA and 26 (7.8%) for other indications. After a mean follow-up of 16.2 months, the MACE was 14.3%, with Target Lesion Revascularization (TLR) being the most frequent (8.5%), followed by stent thrombosis (ST), 3.3% and cardiac death (CD), 2.6%. Comparing CAP and CAA subgroups, the MACE rate in CAA was significantly higher than CAP (21.4% vs 9.7%, p < 0.01), primary driven by ST (CAA: 8.6% vs CAP: 1.3%; p = 0.0015).

CONCLUSIONS

The clinical outcomes following PK Papyrus CS implantation are deemed acceptable, considering the challenging scenarios and the existing alternative treatments. However, MACE rates in patients with CAA who received Papyrus PK CS were significantly higher than in those with CAP, underscoring the importance of meticulous patient selection and optimization of CS in these complex patients and coronary anatomies.

Clinical Outcomes of Comparison Between Type III Coronary Artery Perforation (CAP) and non-CAP Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients During 3-Year Follow-up

Coronary artery perforation (CAP) is a potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate in-hospital, 1-year, and 3-year clinical outcomes of type III CAP during PCI in patients with ACS. The study retrospectively evaluated 118 patients with CAP and 43,226 case-control patients. Clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics, management, and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively at 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. The mean age of the patients was 66.5 ± 11.9 years (61.8% males). There was no significant difference in hospital mortality between the type III CAP and non-CAP groups. The all-cause mortality was 33.3% in the CAP group vs 1.8% in the non-CAP group at 1 year, and 28.3% in CAP group vs 6.9% in non-CAP group at 3 years (p = .001 for both comparisons). The procedural, clinical, and 1 and 3-year outcomes of type III CAP showed a relatively high risk of myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, cerebrovascular event, stent thrombosis, and major bleeding at the 1 and 3-year follow-ups. In addition, non-CAP ACS patients had better survival (log-rank: p < .001, 34.29 months 95% Confidence Interval [33.58-35.00]) than type III CAP ACS patients (29.53 months 95% Confidence Interval [27.28-31.78]) at the 3-year follow-up visit.

Mid-Term Outcomes of Novel Covered Stent with Biodegradable Membrane in Porcine Coronary Artery Perforation

Background

Currently, commercially covered stents are the main treatment for coronary artery perforation (CAP), but without satisfied late-term outcomes when compared to drug-eluting stents (DES). This study seeks to report a new covered stent to treat porcine CAP, which is manufactured with DES and a biodegradable membrane fabricated by poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) polymer.

Methods

Experimental swines experienced CAP in proximal-middle of right coronary artery (RCA) by non-compliant balloon burst, and covered stent was deployed in breach segment. Meanwhile, coronary angiography (CAG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), histological light microscopy and scan electron microscopy were performed to characterize the performance of covered stent.

Results

Seven swines were used for this study. Two swines were euthanasia at 14 days and 28 days after procedure, respectively. The remaining 5 kept alive until sacrifice at six months. CAG at six months showed total occlusion at the stented segment of RCA in all swines. The interventional revascularization of occlusion lesion was instituted in two swines. After recanalizing occlusion lesion, OCT examination visualized diffuse heterogeneous fibrous plaques, as well as organized thrombosis, lipid deposits and several neoatherosclerosis in the occluded segment. Serial histopathologic and electron microscopies at 14 days, 28 days and six months revealed gradual occlusive vessel lumen with diffuse heterogeneous fibroplasia, smooth muscle proliferation, inflammation response and local neoatherosclerosis, moreover with identification of PLLA polymer membrane degradability.

Conclusions

The new covered stent with biodegradable membrane could seal urgent coronary breach and prevent experimental swines death, but with all stent occlusion in mid-term (six months) follow-up, which might be attributed to diffuse heterogeneous fibroplasia, smooth muscle proliferation, inflammation response and local neoatherosclerosis with the degradation of PLLA membrane.