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Yao S, Jiang W, Wang C, He Y, Wang C, Huang L. Improvements of tooth movement efficiency and torque control in expanding the arch with clear aligners: a finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1120535. [PMID: 37324442 PMCID: PMC10267454 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different movement strategies, embossment structures, and torque compensation of the aligner on tooth movement during arch expansion using clear aligners by finite element analysis. Methods: Models comprising the maxilla, dentition, periodontal ligament, and aligners were created and imported into a finite element analysis software. The tests were performed using the following: three orders of tooth movement (including alternating movement with the first premolar and first molar, whole movement with second premolar and first molar or premolars and first molar), four different shapes of embossment structures (ball, double ball, cuboid, cylinder, with 0.05, 0.1, 0.15-mm interference) and torque compensation (0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, and 5°). Results: The expansion of clear aligners caused the target tooth to move obliquely. Alternating movement resulted in higher movement efficiency with lower anchorage loss as compared with whole movement. Embossment increased the efficiency of crown movement but did not contribute positively to torque control. As the angle of compensation increased, the tendency of oblique tooth movement was gradually controlled; however, the movement efficiency decreased concurrently, and stress distribution on the periodontal ligament became more even. For each 1° increase in compensation, the torque per millimeter of the first premolar would decrease by 0.26°/mm, and the crown movement efficiency eliminate decreased by 4.32%. Conclusion: Alternating movement increases the efficiency of the arch expansion by the aligner and reduces anchorage loss. Torque compensation should be designed to enhance torque control in arch expansion using an aligner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao He
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Dinu S, Craciunescu EL, Macasoi I, Chioran D, Rivis M, Vlad D, Milutinovici RA, Marcovici I, Dolghi A, Moaca A, Dinu DC, Dehelean C, Popa M. Toxicological Assessment of an Acrylic Removable Orthodontic Appliance Using 2D and 3D In Vitro Methods. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031193. [PMID: 35161136 PMCID: PMC8838812 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malocclusion is a global health problem, mainly affecting children and adolescents. For this reason, orthodontic treatment must be, on the one hand, safe, non-toxic, and effective and, on the other hand, it must have the best possible esthetic profile. Thus, the use of orthodontic appliances is addressed to all age groups, including young children, for a long period of time, which is why their safety profile is a matter of real interest. For this reason, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and biocompatibility of an acrylic removable orthodontic appliance made of polymethylmethacrylate and stainless steel alloy made by our team of researchers. To verify the biocompatibility of the medical device, it was immersed in artificial saliva with three different pHs (3, 7, and 10) for a period of ten days. Subsequently, the three types of saliva were tested on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) in terms of viability and modification of cell morphology. Finally, the use of 3D reconstructed human epidermis verified the cytotoxic and irritating potential of the medical device, thus providing relevant information regarding its biocompatibility. The results revealed that by maintaining the orthodontic device in the saliva there is no release of substances with a toxic effect on the human keratinocytes and on the 3D reconstructed human epidermis. There were also no significant changes in cell morphology. In conclusion, it is suggested that the acrylic removable appliance has a safety profile recommended for in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.); (M.P.)
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emanuela Lidia Craciunescu
- Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Material, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Romania Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Doina Chioran
- Department of Dento-Alveolar Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Mircea Rivis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Sedation in Dentistry, Dento-Alveolar Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry-Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Raluca Adriana Milutinovici
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania;
- Orthodontic Research Center (ORTHO-CENTER), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Revolutiei Ave. 1989 No. 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Dolghi
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Moaca
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorin Cristian Dinu
- Family Dental Clinic, Private Practice, 24 Budapesta Str., 307160 Dumbravita, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Malina Popa
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.); (M.P.)
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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