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Dyab A, Emnegard A, Wänman M, Sjöström F, Kindstedt E. Human gingival fibroblasts are a source of B cell-activating factor during periodontal inflammation. J Periodontol 2024; 95:673-681. [PMID: 38088123 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host-modulating therapy is a possible treatment for individuals that respond poorly to conventional periodontal therapy. B cells, abundant in periodontitis lesions, require the cytokines B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) for survival and maturation. Although mRNA levels of BAFF and APRIL are increased in tissue from periodontitis lesions, it is unknown if periodontal resident cells express BAFF and/or APRIL during periodontal inflammation. In this study, we aim to analyze the expression of BAFF and APRIL in human gingival fibroblasts after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we perform protein analysis in tissues and serum from periodontitis patients and healthy controls. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokines' tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The mRNA expression of BAFF and APRIL was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the protein was detected in tissue sections using immune staining. Serum levels of BAFF were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In gingival fibroblasts, TNF-α upregulated BAFF mRNA, but APRIL was unaffected. IL-1β affected neither BAFF nor APRIL expression. BAFF protein was detected in the oral epithelium and in cells of the underlying connective tissue in periodontitis tissue, and BAFF protein was increased in the serum of periodontitis patients. CONCLUSION Periodontal resident cells express BAFF during periodontal inflammation and participate in providing a favorable milieu for the survival and action of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Dyab
- Department of Odontology, Section for Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ava Emnegard
- Department of Odontology, Section for Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wänman
- Department of Odontology, Section for Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Filippa Sjöström
- Department of Odontology, Section for Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Kindstedt
- Department of Odontology, Section for Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Massarenti L, Nielsen CH, Danielsen AK, Jensen PØ, Enevold C, Damgaard C. Evaluation of circulating IgG antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis or its gingipains as serological markers of periodontitis and carriage of the bacterium. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38884611 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and antibodies against the bacterium may be used as a serological proxy to account for periodontal status, when studying diseases associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify an easily accessible and reliable serological biomarker for determination of periodontal status and oral carriage of the bacterium. METHODS Saliva and serum samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (n = 27), and patients with periodontitis stage II (n = 12) or stages III or IV (n = 44). Serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against intact and fragmented P. gingivalis, recombinant gingipains (RgpA and RgpB), and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Capnocytophaga ochracea as controls were quantified with a multiplex bead-based assay. P. gingivalis was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Serum IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria were good indicators of periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.85). The same was observed for levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis fragments (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68-0.88). Likewise, levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria or P. gingivalis fragments were good indicators of oral carriage of P. gingivalis (AUC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98 and AUC: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1, respectively). Conversely, antibodies against recombinant RgpA and RgpB were not good indicators of periodontitis or oral carriage of the bacterium. None of the antibody levels differed significantly between stage II and stage III or IV periodontitis. CONCLUSION Serum IgG antibody levels against heat-inactivated whole P. gingivalis proved to be the preferable biomarker for periodontitis and oral carriage of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Massarenti
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Purification of RgpA from external outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Anaerobe 2022; 77:102647. [PMID: 36116685 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Purification of native gingipains is challenging because these proteases are frequently associated with the cell surface, which affects yield. This study aimed to purify native Arg-gingipain (RgpA) from Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV). METHODS Native RgpA was purified from P. gingivalis strain ATCC33277 OMV using a strategy including ultracentrifugation, sonication, and successive anionic and cationic fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The presence and purity of the protease were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and detection of protease activity using fluorogenic substrates. Rat antibodies produced against the unique adhesin hemagglutinin (H1) domain of RgpA (amino acids 719-865) were titrated by ELISA at a 1:100 dilution using whole P. gingivalis lysate as an antigen and western blotting to detect a 75 kDa band corresponding to RgpA. RESULTS Double anionic-cationic FLPC yielded prominent peaks with evident amidolytic gingipain activity of the appropriate molecular weight, as confirmed by western blotting. The final RgpA yield from 1 L of bacterial culture with colony forming unit (CFU) (Log10) 7.4 ± 0.08/mL was of 12.6% (2 mg/mL), with 3.2 FU/μg of amidolytic activity. CONCLUSIONS This protocol allows purification of native RgpA from OMV that retains protease activity.
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