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Rifkin RM, Costello CL, Birhiray RE, Kambhampati S, Richter J, Abonour R, Lee HC, Stokes M, Ren K, Stull DM, Cherepanov D, Bogard K, Noga SJ, Girnius S. In-class transition from bortezomib-based therapy to IRd is an effective approach in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Future Oncol 2024; 20:131-143. [PMID: 37807952 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the effectiveness of in-class transition to all-oral ixazomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (IRd) following parenteral bortezomib (V)-based induction versus continued V-based therapy in US oncology clinics. Patients & methods: Non-transplant eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving in-class transition to IRd (N = 100; US MM-6), or V-based therapy (N = 111; INSIGHT MM). Results: Following inverse probability of treatment weighting, overall response rate was 73.2% with IRd versus 57.5% with V-based therapy (p < 0.0001). Median duration of treatment was 10.8 versus 5.3 months (p < 0.0001). Overall, 18/24% of patients discontinued IRd/V-based therapy due to adverse events. Conclusion: IRd after V-based induction was associated with significantly improved overall response rate and duration of treatment than continued V-based combination therapy. Clinical Trial Registration: US MM-6: NCT03173092; INSIGHT MM: NCT02761187 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Rifkin
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers/US Oncology Research, Denver, CO 80218, USA
| | - Caitlin L Costello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruemu E Birhiray
- Hematology Oncology of Indiana/American Oncology Network, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - Suman Kambhampati
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hans C Lee
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Stokes
- Evidera, Data Analytics, St-Laurent, Quebec, H4T 1V6, Canada
| | - Kaili Ren
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Lexington, MA 02412, USA
| | | | - Dasha Cherepanov
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Lexington, MA 02412, USA
| | - Kimberly Bogard
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Stephen J Noga
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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Rath C, Yoo C, Cheplowitz H, Lo M, Young R, Guglielmo J, Saunders IM, Banerjee R, Young R, Kumar A, Chung A, Rosenberg AS, Costello C, Fine J, Wilson M, Patel N, Banez MT. Predictors of lenalidomide maintenance duration after autologous stem cell transplant in patients with multiple myeloma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1715-1724. [PMID: 36731514 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221150935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have undergone autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT), the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide is a first-line option for maintenance therapy. Because longer durations of lenalidomide maintenance are associated with improved survival, identifying strategies to avoid premature cessation of maintenance is an important priority in the post-transplant setting. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this analysis was to identify specific clinical predictors of lenalidomide treatment duration that could guide optimal medication management. Key secondary objectives included predictors of intolerable toxicity, rationale for lenalidomide dose reduction/discontinuation, and characterization of dose adjustments. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective, multi-center cohort study included adults with MM who underwent auto-SCT and initiated maintenance lenalidomide between 01/01/2012 and 02/28/2021. Variables assessed as potential predictors of maintenance duration or intolerable toxicity included age, body mass index (BMI), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status at time of auto-SCT, renal function, initial lenalidomide dose, use of combination maintenance therapy, and cytogenetic risk category. RESULTS Among 299 patients included, the median age at time of auto-SCT was 62 years (range 30-77). The majority of patients had standard-risk cytogenetics (64%) and an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 (72%). In the overall population, the median duration of maintenance was 1.3 years (range 0.3-8.6 years). The median initial dose of lenalidomide was 10 mg daily (range 2.5-25 mg). During the study period, 35% of patients had a dose reduction due to toxicity, 21% stopped lenalidomide due to disease progression, and 19% stopped due to toxicity. Multivariate linear regression analyses did not identify any significant predictors of lenalidomide duration or discontinuation due to intolerable toxicity. The most frequently reported toxicities leading to discontinuation were cytopenias, rash, and fatigue. CONCLUSION This analysis did not identify any significant risk factors to predict the duration of lenalidomide maintenance or discontinuation for toxicity following auto-SCT in patients with MM. While limited by the retrospective design and relatively small sample size, our findings suggest that a priori lenalidomide dose reductions based on patient co-morbidities or performance status may not substantially affect the duration of lenalidomide maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claude Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Halle Cheplowitz
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mimi Lo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Guglielmo
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ila M Saunders
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Young
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Chung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Seth Rosenberg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Costello
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Fine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Machelle Wilson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nimish Patel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisela Tan Banez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pasvolsky O, Milton DR, Masood A, Sami SS, Tanner MR, Bashir Q, Srour S, Saini N, Lin P, Ramdial J, Nieto Y, Saeed A, Lee HC, Patel KK, Kebriaei P, Thomas SK, Weber DM, Orlowski RZ, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE, Qazilbash MH. Single-agent lenalidomide maintenance after upfront autologous stem cell transplant for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: The MD Anderson experience. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1571-1578. [PMID: 37461327 PMCID: PMC10530277 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The optimal duration of lenalidomide (Len) maintenance for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) after autologous stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) is unknown. We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of adult MM patients that received upfront autoHCT between 2005 and 2021, followed by single-agent Len maintenance. A total of 1167 patients were included with a median age of 61.4 (range 25.4-82.3) years, and high-risk chromosomal abnormalities in 19%. Median duration of maintenance was 22.3 (range 0.03-139.6) months. After a median follow-up of 47.9 (range 2.9-171.7) months, median PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 56.6 (95% CI 48.2-61.4) months and 111.3 (95% CI 101.7-121.5) months, respectively. In MVA, high-risk cytogenetics was associated with a worse PFS (HR 1.91) and OS (HR 1.73) (p < .001 for both). Use of KRD induction and achievement of MRD-negative ≥ VGPR before autoHCT were associated with an improved PFS (HR 0.53 and HR 0.57, respectively; p < .001 for both). Longer maintenance duration, even with a 5-year cutoff, was associated with superior PFS and OS (HR 0.17 and 0.12, respectively; p < .001 for both). A total of 106 patients (9%) developed a second primary malignancy (SPM), mostly solid tumors (39%) and myeloid malignancies (30%). Longer maintenance duration was associated with a higher risk of SPM, reaching statistical significance after >2 years (odds ratio 2.25; p < .001). In conclusion, outcomes with Len maintenance were comparable to those reported in large clinical trials. Longer duration of maintenance, even beyond 5 years, was associated with improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pasvolsky
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Denái R. Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adeel Masood
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sophiya S. Sami
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark R. Tanner
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qaiser Bashir
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samer Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neeraj Saini
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy Ramdial
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yago Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arsalan Saeed
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hans C. Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Krina K. Patel
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sheeba K. Thomas
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna M. Weber
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Z. Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard E. Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Muzaffar H. Qazilbash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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