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Zhang H, Cui M, Jie Y, Chen T, Kang M, Bai W, Wang B, Wang Y. Efficacy of repeated low-level red-light therapy in the prevention and control of myopia in children. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104216. [PMID: 38740318 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine how different factors influence the effectiveness of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in preventing and treating myopia in children. METHODS Between June 2022 and April 2023, 336 children who visited our hospital due to myopia or significant decreases in hyperopia reserve were enrolled. The children were treated twice daily for three minutes with a head-mounted low-level red-light (single wavelength of 650 nm) therapeutic device. Each of the two treatment sessions was separated by at least four hours. The axial lengths and diopters of the children's eyes were compared before and three months after treatment, and the effects of gender, age, and baseline diopter on the efficacy of RLRL therapy were analyzed. RESULTS Following three months of treatment, the average axial length of the eyes decreased by 0.031 mm. The condition was better for the boys than for girls, but the difference was not statistically significant. As age increased (F = 8.112, P = 0.000) or as the absolute value of baseline myopia degree increased (F = 10.51, P = 0.000), axial lengths of the eyes tended to decrease. The spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of children decreased by an average of 0.012 ± 0.355D. The condition was better for the boys than for girls, but the difference was not statistically significant. SER increased in the direction of hyperopic drift as age increased (F = 2.48, P = 0.031), or as the absolute value of baseline myopia degrees increased (F = 6.835, P = 0.000). There were no obvious side effects following the treatment. CONCLUSION This study showed that RLRL therapy is a potential efficient, easily operable, and practically feasible method for the prevention and control of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Mingming Cui
- Child Health Centre, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Meixia Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wanbing Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Baoshi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
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Amaral DC, Batista S, Dos Santos-Neto E, Manso JEF, Rodrigues MPM, Monteiro MLR, Alves MR, Louzada RN. Low-level red-light therapy for myopia control in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100375. [PMID: 38723579 PMCID: PMC11101697 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-Level Red-Light (LLRL) Therapy is a safe and natural way to promote healing and reduce inflammation in the body. When it comes to treating myopia in children, LLRL therapy is recent, and its efficacy and safety still are not clear. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature for LLRL was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines on November 5, 2022. Databases, including PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were queried. A meta-analysis of random effects was conducted. Inclusion criteria included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or observational studies where LLRL therapy was used in children (3‒15 years old) with myopia. Exclusion criteria were studies with other ocular abnormalities. Efficacy was evaluated through the mean change in Axial Length (AL) and cycloplegic Spherical Equivalent Error (SER), while safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse effects. RESULTS A total of 5 final studies were included (4 RCTs, and 1 observational), in which 685 total patients were analyzed. The mean age was 9.7 ± 0.66 years, with 48,2% female patients. The number of eyes in the LRLL arm is 714 and, in the control, arm is 656. LLRL showed better results in SER and AL mean change (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.83; p < 0.00001, and MD -0.33; 95% CI -0.52 to -0.13; p = 0.001, respectively), in comparison to the control group. There was no significant difference in adverse effects between groups (MD = 5.76; 95% CI 0.66 to 50.14; p = 0.11). CONCLUSION LLRL therapy is a non-invasive, effective, and safe short-term treatment option; however, long-term evaluation, particularly in comparison to other therapies, requires additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillan Cunha Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sávio Batista
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edson Dos Santos-Neto
- Division of Ophthalmology and the Laboratory for Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro
- Division of Ophthalmology and the Laboratory for Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Ruiz Alves
- Division of Ophthalmology and the Laboratory for Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Noguera Louzada
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Division of Ophthalmology and the Laboratory for Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Qiu K, David C, Li Y, Lei Z, Tong L, Lin W. A retrospective study of cumulative absolute reduction in axial length after photobiomodulation therapy. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:191. [PMID: 38664659 PMCID: PMC11044358 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the age and timeline distribution of ocular axial length shortening among myopic children treated with photobiomodulation therapy in the real world situations. METHODS Retrospective study of photobiomodulation therapy in Chinese children aged 4 to 13 years old where axial length measurements were recorded and assessed to determine effectiveness at two age groups (4 ∼ 8 years old group and 9 ∼ 13 years old group). Data was collected from myopic children who received photobiomodulation therapy for 6 ∼ 12 months. Effectiveness of myopia control was defined as any follow-up axial length ≤ baseline axial length, confirming a reduction in axial length. Independent t-test was used to compare the effectiveness of the younger group and the older group with SPSS 22.0. RESULTS 342 myopic children were included with mean age 8.64 ± 2.20 years and baseline mean axial length of 24.41 ± 1.17 mm. There were 85.40%, 46.30%, 71.20% and 58.30% children with axial length shortening recorded at follow-up for 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, respectively. With respect to the axial length shortened eyes, the mean axial length difference (standard deviation) was - 0.039 (0.11) mm, -0.032 (0.11) mm, -0.037 (0.12) mm, -0.028 (0.57) mm at 1, 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up, respectively. Greater AL shortening was observed among the older group who had longer baseline axial lengths than the younger group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall myopia control effectiveness using photobiomodulation therapy was shown to be age and time related, with the maximum absolute reduction in axial elongation being cumulative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Qiu
- Fuzhou Southeast Institute of Visual Ophthalmology, Fuzhou (City), China.
| | - Coveney David
- Firstwest Innovations, 350007, Perth (City), Australia
| | - Ying Li
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou (City, China
| | - Zhou Lei
- Department of Optometry, Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 315000, Ningbo(City), China
| | - Liyang Tong
- Department of Optometry, Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 315000, Ningbo(City), China
| | - Wen Lin
- Fuzhou Southeast Institute of Visual Ophthalmology, Fuzhou (City), China.
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Huang Y, Li X, Zhuo Z, Zhang J, Que T, Yang A, Drobe B, Chen H, Bao J. Effect of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets on choroidal thickness in myopic children: a 3-year follow-up study. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 11:16. [PMID: 38659078 PMCID: PMC11044302 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-024-00383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the impact of wearing spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) for 3 years and the impact of switching from single-vision lenses (SVL) to HAL on choroidal thickness (ChT). METHODS Fifty-one participants who had already worn HAL for 2 years continued wearing them for an additional year (HAL group). Further, 50 and 41 participants who had worn spectacle lenses with slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL) and SVL for 2 years, respectively, switched to wearing HAL for another year (SAL-HAL and SVL-HAL groups). Additionally, 48 new participants aged 10-15 years were enrolled to wear SVL at the third year (new-SVL group). ChT was measured every 6 months throughout the study. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the changes in ChT among the four groups at the third year (all P < 0.05 except for the outer nasal region: P = 0.09), with the new-SVL group showing larger reductions compared with the other three groups. However, none of the three HAL-wearing groups showed significant changes in ChT at the third year (all P > 0.05). When comparing the changes in ChT for 3 years among the HAL, SAL-HAL, and SVL-HAL groups, significant differences were found before switching to HAL, but these differences were abolished after all participants switched to HAL. CONCLUSIONS Compared to those in the SVL group, choroid thinning was significantly inhibited in all the HAL groups. Wearing HAL for 3 years no longer had a choroidal thickening effect but could still inhibit choroidal thinning compared to wearing SVL. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800017683), http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=29789 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Medical University - Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Medical University - Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuopao Zhuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Medical University - Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Tianxing Que
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Adeline Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University - Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- R&D Singapore, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Björn Drobe
- Wenzhou Medical University - Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- R&D Singapore, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
- Wenzhou Medical University - Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinhua Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
- Wenzhou Medical University - Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ostrin LA, Schill AW. Red light instruments for myopia exceed safety limits. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:241-248. [PMID: 38180093 PMCID: PMC10922340 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-level red light (LLRL) therapy has recently emerged as a myopia treatment in children, with several studies reporting significant reduction in axial elongation and myopia progression. The goal of this study was to characterise the output and determine the thermal and photochemical maximum permissible exposure (MPE) of LLRL devices for myopia control. METHODS Two LLRL devices, a Sky-n1201a and a Future Vision, were examined. Optical power measurements were made using an integrating sphere radiometer through a 7-mm diameter aperture, in accordance with ANSI Z136.1-2014, sections 3.2.3-3.2.4. Retinal spot sizes of the devices were obtained using a model eye and high-resolution beam profiler. Corneal irradiance, retinal irradiance and MPE were calculated for an eye positioned at the oculars of each device. RESULTS Both devices were confirmed to be Class 1 laser products. Findings showed that the Sky-n1201a delivers laser light as a point source with a 654-nm wavelength, 0.2 mW power (Ø 7 mm aperture, 10-cm distance), 1.17 mW/cm2 corneal irradiance and 7.2 W/cm2 retinal irradiance (Ø 2 mm pupil). The MPE for photochemical damage is 0.55-7.0 s for 2-7 mm pupils and for thermal damage is 0.41-10 s for 4.25-7 mm pupils. Future Vision delivers the laser as an extended source subtending 0.75 × 0.325°. It has a 652-nm wavelength, 0.06 mW power (Ø 7 mm aperture, 10 cm distance), 0.624 mW/cm2 corneal irradiance and 0.08 W/cm2 retinal irradiance (Ø 2 mm pupil). MPE for photochemical damage is 50-625 s for 2-7 mm pupils. DISCUSSION For both of the LLRL devices evaluated here, 3 min of continuous viewing approached or surpassed the MPE, putting the retina at risk of photochemical and thermal damage. Clinicians should be cautious with the use of LLRL therapy for myopia in children until safety standards can be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas., USA
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Deng B, Zhou M, Kong X, Luo L, Lv H. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the repeated low-level red light therapy in slowing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:S203-S210. [PMID: 38099371 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1037_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy in controlling myopia progression in children through a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched several databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, CBM, and VIP with languages restricted to both Chinese and English. The search was conducted from the establishment of the databases to March 23, 2023. We collected randomized controlled trials and controlled experiments to evaluate changes in axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE) before and after RLRL intervention. Two researchers performed literature screening and data extraction, and RevMan software (Ver 5.3) and StataMP 17.0 were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 141 articles were retrieved, and finally, six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 820 eyes (RLRL group: 411 eyes, control group: 409 eyes). The meta-analysis results showed that the RLRL group was significantly better than the control group in controlling AL, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (mean difference [MD] = -0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] [ - 0.28, -0.16]; P < 0.001). The RLRL group was also better than the control group in terms of SE, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (MD = 0.46, 95% CI [0.32, 0.6]; P < 0.001). Five studies reported adverse reactions in the RLRL group, and two cases stopped treatment due to the feeling of too bright light, while the others had no significant side effects in the short term. CONCLUSION RLRL therapy is a safe and effective method for controlling myopia, which can inhibit the growth of AL and slow down the progression of myopia. However, further research and validation are needed to determine its treatment efficacy and course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
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Salzano AD, Khanal S, Cheung NL, Weise KK, Jenewein EC, Horn DM, Mutti DO, Gawne TJ. Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy: The Next Wave in Myopia Management? Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:812-822. [PMID: 37890098 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Exposure to long-wavelength light has been proposed as a potential intervention to slow myopia progression in children. This article provides an evidence-based review of the safety and myopia control efficacy of red light and discusses the potential mechanisms by which red light may work to slow childhood myopia progression.The spectral composition of the ambient light in the visual environment has powerful effects on eye growth and refractive development. Studies in mammalian and primate animal models (macaque monkeys and tree shrews) have shown that daily exposure to long-wavelength (red or amber) light promotes slower eye growth and hyperopia development and inhibits myopia induced by form deprivation or minus lens wear. Consistent with these results, several recent randomized controlled clinical trials in Chinese children have demonstrated that exposure to red light for 3 minutes twice a day significantly reduces myopia progression and axial elongation. These findings have collectively provided strong evidence for the potential of using red light as a myopia control intervention in clinical practice. However, several questions remain unanswered. In this article, we review the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of red light as a myopia control intervention, describe potential mechanisms, and discuss some key unresolved issues that require consideration before red light can be broadly translated into myopia control in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safal Khanal
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nathan L Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine K Weise
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Erin C Jenewein
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Darryl M Horn
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald O Mutti
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Timothy J Gawne
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Tang J, Liao Y, Yan N, Dereje SB, Wang J, Luo Y, Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang X, Wang W. Efficacy of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Slowing the Progression of Childhood Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 252:153-163. [PMID: 37030495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of repeated low-intensity red light (RLRL) treatment for childhood myopia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang from inception to February 8, 2023. We used the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools to assess the risk of bias and then used a random-effect model to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs. The primary outcomes were WMD in spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), WMD in axial length (AL), and WMD in subfoveal choroid thickness (SFChT). Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the sources of heterogeneity based on variation in follow-up and study design. The Egger and Begg tests were used to assess publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was used to verify the stability. RESULTS This analysis included 13 studies (8 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized controlled trials, and 2 cohort studies) involving 1857 children and adolescents. Eight studies met the meta-analysis criteria, and the WMD for myopia progression between RLRL and the control group was 0.68 diopters (D) per 6 months (95% CI = 0.38 to 0.97 D; I2 = 97.7%; P < .001) for SER change; -0.35 mm per 6 months (95% CI = -0.51 to -0.19 mm; I2 = 98.0%; P < .001) for AL elongation; and 36.04 µm per 6 months (95% CI = 19.61 to 52.48 µm; I2 = 89.6%; P < .001) for SFChT change. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows that RLRL therapy may be effective for delaying the progression of myopia. The evidence is low certainty, and larger and better randomized clinical trials with 2-year follow-ups are needed to improve the existing state of knowledge to inform medical guidelines more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L., W.Z., X.W.), The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Yan
- From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiferaw Blen Dereje
- From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjiao Luo
- From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L., W.Z., X.W.), The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L., W.Z., X.W.), The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine (W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation (W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Carroll JD. Photobiomodulation Literature Watch December 2022. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:241-244. [PMID: 37092986 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
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