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Reis ASLDS, Furtado GE, Menuchi MRTP, Borges GF. The Impact of Exercise on Interleukin-6 to Counteract Immunosenescence: Methodological Quality and Overview of Systematic Reviews. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:954. [PMID: 38786366 PMCID: PMC11121001 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the methodological quality of published systematic reviews on randomized and non-randomized clinical trials to synthesize evidence on the association between IL-6, immunosenescence, and aerobic and/or resistance exercise. METHOD The Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Systematic Reviews (PRIO-harms) guideline was used, with registration number CRD42022346142-PROSPERO. Relevant databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using English Medical Subject Headings terms. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews analyzing aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or a combination of both and assessing IL-6 as a biomarker of cellular immunosenescence in humans. The Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) was employed. RESULTS Out of 742 identified articles, 18 were eligible, and 13 were selected for analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 249 to 1421 participants, mostly female, with ages ranging from 17 to 95 years. Aerobic exercise was the most studied type (46.15%), followed by combined exercise (38.46%) and resistance exercise (15.38%). Aerobic exercise showed a statistically significant reduction in IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Among the 13 reviews analyzed using AMSTAR-2, 8 were rated as critically low quality, and 5 were classified as low quality. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise has anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to modulate IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α levels in immunosenescence. However, the limited methodological quality of the analyzed systematic reviews highlights the urgent need for robust, high-quality studies to improve access to information and facilitate evidence-based decision-making in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sulivan Lopes da Silva Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, The State University of Santa Cruz (PPGEF/UESB/UESC), Ilhéus 45650-000, BA, Brazil; (A.S.L.d.S.R.); (M.R.T.P.M.)
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços-S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Inovation Center, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | | | - Grasiely Faccin Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, The State University of Santa Cruz (PPGEF/UESB/UESC), Ilhéus 45650-000, BA, Brazil; (A.S.L.d.S.R.); (M.R.T.P.M.)
- Center for Public Policies and Social Technologies, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Praça José Bastos, s/n, Centro, Itabuna 45600-923, BA, Brazil
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Suder A, Makiel K, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Kosowski P, Haim A. Exercise-induced effects on asprosin and indices of atherogenicity and insulin resistance in males with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:985. [PMID: 38200061 PMCID: PMC10782011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) development is associated with insulin resistance and obesity, with the progression of visceral adipose tissue playing a crucial role. Excessive adipose tissue is accompanied by an increase in the asprosin (ASP), which is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and the regulation of hunger and satiety. Exercise affects the release of ASP, which may regulate metabolism accordingly. Due to the inconclusive results of the effect of exercise on ASP concentration in men with MetS, 12-week interventions were carried out in the following groups: EG1-aerobic training (n = 21, age: 34.21 ± 6.06, WC; waist circumference: 114.7 ± 10.93) and EG2-a combination of aerobic and resistance training (n = 21, age: 37.37 ± 7.08, WC: 114.8 ± 11.64) and compared with a control group (CG) of men with MetS without any intervention (n = 20, age: 38.26 ± 7.43, WC: 115.3 ± 10.54). Body composition, indicators of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, and ASP were assessed four times: before the intervention, at 6 and 12 weeks of training, and 4 weeks after the training sessions. A comparison of the intervention influence on changes in the analyzed variables between the groups was performed using ANOVA test for dependent groups with post-hoc comparison. The effect size (ES) was also assessed using squared eta (η2). The implementation of aerobic training resulted in a decrease in ASP concentration (p = 0.03) within 6 weeks of the intervention, while in the CG a gradual increase in ASP was confirmed (p < 0.001). Aerobic-resistance training did not induce significant changes in ASP concentration but resulted in an increase in fat-free mass/fat mass (FFM/FM) ratio (p < 0.001), and a decrease (p = 0.04) in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Changes in the visceral adipose tissue level indicate a gradual decrease in both the EG1 (p = 0.01) and EG2 (p = 0.04) groups. Both aerobic and aerobic-resistance exercises may have a regulatory effect, mainly by reducing visceral adipose tissue, on the improvement of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Karol Makiel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kosowski
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Alon Haim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 653, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, 151, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Bertuccioli A, Cannataro R, Gervasi M, Benelli P, Gregoretti A, Ragazzini M, Neri M, Palazzi CM, Cardinali M, Zonzini G. Preliminary Assessment of the Acute Effects of Far Infrared-Emitting Garments: What Are the Possible Implications for Recovery and Performance? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1998. [PMID: 37895379 PMCID: PMC10608099 DOI: 10.3390/life13101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Technical clothing has recently been brought into the spotlight as one of the most promising tools to improve sports performance and to enhance sports recovery. Among technical clothing items, garments engineered to emit far infrared (FIR) spectrum frequencies have come to the fore as a treatment for pain, muscle fatigue, and tissue healing due to their potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, with applications not only during recovery phases but also in the active phases of exercise. These garments, composed of fibers mixed with noble metals and/or bioceramics that respond to body infrared frequencies by returning an FIR emission backwards, are thought to improve muscle oxygenation and therefore recovery. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, ten male trail running athletes wore a whole-body-covering suit marketed as Accapì-FIR (Bruno Chiaruttini S.r.l., Rezzato, BS, Italy), while a total body suit with the same polyester fiber without metal components was used as control for the intervention. Parameters such as weight, height, bioimpedance parameters (BIVA), lactate from capillary sampling, salivary cortisol, and average temperatures of different body areas were obtained before and after a twelve-minute incremental work run protocol on a treadmill whilst wearing the two kinds of garment. Using the intervention suit, compared to control, statistically significant reductions in BIVA parameters such as body resistance (-6.7%) and reactance (-5.4%) were observed before and after exercise while a greater, but not significant, weight reduction was observed with the intervention suit. Decrease in resistance could be the result of a different distribution of fluids and ions due to FIR influence on capillary and superficial circulation, leading ultimately to more efficient management of body heat and promoting recovery and supercompensation. Further studies on larger samples will be necessary to confirm and clarify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bertuccioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Research Division, Dynamical Business and Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Aurora Gregoretti
- AIFeM (Italian Medicine and Fitness Federation), 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mirko Ragazzini
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy
- AIFeM (Italian Medicine and Fitness Federation), 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marco Neri
- AIFeM (Italian Medicine and Fitness Federation), 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Palazzi
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy
- AIFeM (Italian Medicine and Fitness Federation), 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Giordano Zonzini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Fazlıoğlu N, Uysal P, Durmus S, Yurt S, Gelisgen R, Uzun H. Significance of Plasma Irisin, Adiponectin, and Retinol Binding Protein-4 Levels as Biomarkers for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Severity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1440. [PMID: 37892122 PMCID: PMC10604585 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder that is caused by the reduction or cessation of airflow in the upper airway. Irisin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and adiponectin are the three significant factors in the metabolic process of the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate whether plasma irisin, RBP-4, and adiponectin levels are associated with the severity of OSAS. METHODS According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 125 patients with OSAS and 46 healthy, gender-matched controls were included in this study. The patients were classified according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) as 14 mild cases (5 < AHI < 15), 23 moderate OSAS cases (15 < AHI < 30), and 88 severe OSAS cases (AHI > 30). The plasma irisin, RBP-4, and adiponectin levels were measured and compared between groups. RESULTS RBP-4 levels were higher in severe OSAS compared to other groups, and irisin levels were significantly lower in severe OSAS compared to other groups. There was a negative correlation between irisin and RBP-4 (r = -0.421; p < 0.001), and irisin and AHI (r = -0.834; p < 0.001), and a positive correlation between irisin and adiponectin (r = 0.240; p = 0.002). There was a negative correlation between RBP-4 and adiponectin (r = -0.507; p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between RBP-4 and AHI (r = 0.473; p < 0.001). As a predictor of OSAS, adiponectin showed the highest specificity (84.8%) and RBP-4 the highest sensitivity (92.0%). CONCLUSION Circulating adiponectin, irisin, and RBP-4 may be new biomarkers in OSAS patients in addition to risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. When polysomnography is not available, these parameters and clinical data can be used to diagnose the disease. As a result, patients with an AHI score greater than thirty should be closely monitored for metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Fazlıoğlu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Namık Kemal University, 59010 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Pelin Uysal
- Maslak Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Sinem Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Sibel Yurt
- Basaksehir Cam and Sakura State Hospital, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 34480 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (S.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Atlas University, 34403 Istanbul, Turkey
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Makiel K, Suder A, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Haim A. Exercise-Induced Alternations of Adiponectin, Interleukin-8 and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050852. [PMID: 37238721 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADIPO) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are proteins that play a significant, albeit opposing, role in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The reported data on the effect of physical activity on the levels of these hormones in the population of people with MetS are conflicting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in hormone concentrations, insulin-resistance indices and body composition after two types of training. The study included 62 men with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, body fat [BF] = 37.53 ± 4.5%), randomly assigned to: an experimental group EG1 (n = 21) with aerobic exercise intervention, an experimental group EG2 (n = 21) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, both for 12 weeks, and a control group CG (n = 20) without interventions. Anthropometric measurements and body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], gynoid body fat [GYNOID]), as well as a biochemical blood analysis (adiponectin [ADIPO], interleukin-8 [IL-8], homeostatic model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) and homeostatic model assessment-triglycerides (HOMA-TG) were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention (follow-up). Intergroup (between groups) and intragroup (within each group) changes were statistically evaluated. In the experimental groups EG1 and EG2, no significant changes were observed in the ADIPO concentration, but a decrease of GYNOID and insulin-resistance indices was confirmed. The aerobic training led to favorable changes in IL-8 concentration. The use of combined resistance and aerobic training led to improved body composition, decreased waist circumference and better insulin-resistance indices in men with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Makiel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alon Haim
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 653, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 151, Israel
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Makiel K, Suder A, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Haim A. Impact of Two Types of Exercise Interventions on Leptin and Omentin Concentrations and Indicators of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082822. [PMID: 37109160 PMCID: PMC10144374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) and omentin (OMEN) are proteins whose concentrations change with the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). There are few intervention studies using various forms of physical activity in people with MetS that aim to determine the impact of physical exercise on the fluctuations of the presented hormones, and their results are contradictory. The present study aimed to examine the effect of two types of exercise intervention on LEP and OMEN concentrations and indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in males with MetS. The study included 62 males with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, body mass 110.31 ± 17.37 kg), randomly allocated to EG1, the examined group with aerobic training (n = 21); EG2, the examined group with combined aerobic and resistance training (n = 21), both for 12 weeks, and the control group (CG) without interventions (n = 20). Anthropometric measurements, body composition (body fat [BF], android body fat [ANDR]), as well as a biochemical blood analysis (omentin [OMEN], leptin [LEP], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and nonHDL-C) were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks of interventions and after 4 weeks after ending intervention (follow-up). Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. In the intervention groups EG1 and EG2, a decrease in BF was observed as well as an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism parameters. In the EG1 group, the level of ANDR was reduced. In EG2 a decrease in LEP concentration between measurements was confirmed. However, no significant changes were found in the concentration of OMEN in any groups. Combined aerobic and resistance exercises led to a higher reduction of LEP concentration than applying only aerobic training in males with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Makiel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka Str. 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alon Haim
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 653, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 151, Israel
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