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Reurean-Pintilei D, Pantea Stoian A, Salmen T, Stoica RA, Mititelu-Tartau L, Lazăr S, Timar B. Associations between Skin Autofluorescence Levels with Cardiovascular Risk and Diabetes Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:890. [PMID: 38672244 PMCID: PMC11048053 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs), making their non-invasive assessment through skin autofluorescence (SAF) increasingly important. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SAF levels, cardiovascular risk, and diabetic complications in T2DM patients. We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study at Consultmed Hospital in Iasi, Romania, including 885 T2DM patients. The assessment of SAF levels was performed with the AGE Reader™, (Diagnoptics, Groningen, The Netherlands). CVD prevalence was 13.9%, and according to CV risk category distribution, 6.1% fell into the moderate-risk, 1.13% into the high-risk, and 92.77% into the very-high-risk category. The duration of DM averaged 9.0 ± 4.4 years and the mean HbA1c was 7.1% ± 1.3. After adjusting for age and eGFR, HbA1c values showed a correlation with SAF levels in the multivariate regression model, where a 1 SD increase in HbA1c was associated with a 0.105 SD increase in SAF levels (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.110; p < 0.001). For predicting very high risk with an SAF cut-off of 2.35, sensitivity was 67.7% and specificity was 56.2%, with an AUC of 0.634 (95% CI 0.560-0.709, p = 0.001). In T2DM, elevated SAF levels were associated with higher CV risk and HbA1c values, with 2.35 identified as the optimal SAF cut-off for very high CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Reurean-Pintilei
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Consultmed Medical Centre, 700544 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Doctoral School of “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana-Adriana Stoica
- Doctoral School of “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sandra Lazăr
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- First Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Emergency Municipal Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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