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Luo W, Li L, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Xiong Y, Guo Z, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Chen P, Wang Y, Du Z. Study on the Hyperglycemic Effect of GLP-1 in Spinibarbus denticulatus by Oral Administration and Intraperitoneal Injection Methods. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:9969406. [PMID: 37051050 PMCID: PMC10085660 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9969406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), one of the expression products of the proglucagon (pg) gene, is an incretin mainly secreted by the gastrointestinal system. In mammals, GLP-1 has hypoglycemic and food-inhibiting effects; while in some fish species, it has been confirmed to increase blood glucose by promoting gluconeogenesis and stimulating glycogenolysis. In order to more deeply understand the role of GLP-1 in the process of glycometabolism in herbivorous fish, the pg gene was cloned from Spinibarbus denticulatus to obtain its sequence characteristics, and the changes in blood glucose level and pg gene expression in S. denticulatus were further explored by feeding with three kinds of carbohydrates and intraperitoneal injection of GLP-1. Basal and temporal blood glucose levels and pg gene expression of S. denticulatus (91.68 ± 10.79 g) were measured at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 12 h after oral administration (n = 4). Then, the changes of blood glucose levels and pg and glucokinase (gk) gene expressions of S. denticulatus (94.29 ± 10.82 g) were determined at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after intraperitoneal injection (n = 4). It was shown that polysaccharides could induce the upregulation of pg gene expression faster than monosaccharides and stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 in the intestine. Intraperitoneal injection of GLP-1 peptide rapidly raised blood glucose levels, and pg gene expression in the anterior intestine, whole brain, and hepatopancreas decreased continuously after 30 minutes. These results showed that S. denticulatus might inhibit the excessive accumulation of blood glucose by reducing the expression of the pg gene and increasing the expression of gk gene in a short time. It was speculated that GLP-1 of S. denticulatus might have a "gut-brain-liver" pathway similar to mammals in glycemia regulation. Therefore, this study provided a novel perspective for explaining the functional differences of GLP-1 in herbivorous fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luojia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinlin Xiong
- The Original Stock Farm of Leiocassis longirostris of Sichuan Province, Chongzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonggang Guo
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Chongzhou, Chongzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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The Characterization of Sex Differences in Hypoglycemia-Induced Activation of HPA Axis on the Transcriptomic Level. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1523-1542. [PMID: 33544274 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis using an insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a medical diagnostic procedure that is frequently used in humans to assess the HPA and growth-hormone (GH) axes. Whether sex differences exist in the response to ITT stress is unknown. Thus, investigations into the analysis of transcripts during activation of the HPA axis in response to hypoglycemia have revealed the underlying influences of sex in signaling pathways that stimulate the HPA axis. We assessed four time points of ITT application in Balb/c mice. After insulin injection, expression levels of 192 microRNAs and 41 mRNAs associated with the HPA, GH and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes were determined by real-time RT-PCR in the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal tissues, as well as blood samples (Raw data accession: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10qI00NAtjxOepcNKxSJnQbJeBFa6zgHK?usp=sharing ). Although the ITT is commonly used as a gold standard for evaluating the HPA axis, we found completely different responses between males and females with respect to activation of the HPA axis. While activation of several transcripts in the hypothalamus and pituitary was observed after performing the ITT in males within 10 min, females responded via the pituitary and adrenal immediately and durably over 40 min. Additionally, we found that microRNA alterations precede mRNA responses in the HPA axis. Furthermore, robust changes in the levels of several transcripts including Avpr1b and Avpr2 observed at all time points strongly suggest that transcriptional control of these genes occurs mostly via differential signaling in pituitary and blood between males and females. Male and female HPA axis responses to ITT involve a number of sophisticated regulatory signaling pathways of miRNAs and mRNAs. Our results highlight the first robust markers in several layers of HPA, HPG and GH axis involved in ITT/hypoglycemia stress-induced dynamics.
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Malcon LMC, Wearick-Silva LE, Zaparte A, Orso R, Luft C, Tractenberg SG, Donadio MVF, de Oliveira JR, Grassi-Oliveira R. Maternal separation induces long-term oxidative stress alterations and increases anxiety-like behavior of male Balb/cJ mice. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2097-2107. [PMID: 32656651 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) exposure is a well-known risk factor for the development of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety disorder. Preclinical studies show that maternal separation (MS), a classical model of ELS, causes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis alterations, a key contributor to the stress response modulation. Given that HPA axis activation has been shown to induce oxidative stress, it is possible to hypothesize that oxidative stress mediates the relationship between chronic ELS exposure and the development of several disorders. Here, we investigate the effects of MS in the oxidative status [plasma and brain reduced glutathione, catalase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], metabolism (glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol) and anxiety-like behaviors in adult Balb/cJ mice. In short, we found that MS increased anxiety-like behaviors in the open field, light/dark test but not in the elevated-plus maze. Animals also presented increased circulating cholesterol, increased TBARS in the plasma and decreased catalase in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that MS induces long-term alterations in oxidative stress and increased anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Martins Costa Malcon
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 936-Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 936-Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Zaparte
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 936-Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Orso
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 936-Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Gantes Tractenberg
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 936-Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinicius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 936-Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil. .,Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Sominsky L, Jasoni CL, Twigg HR, Spencer SJ. Hormonal and nutritional regulation of postnatal hypothalamic development. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:R47-R64. [PMID: 29545398 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a key centre for regulation of vital physiological functions, such as appetite, stress responsiveness and reproduction. Development of the different hypothalamic nuclei and its major neuronal populations begins prenatally in both altricial and precocial species, with the fine tuning of neuronal connectivity and attainment of adult function established postnatally and maintained throughout adult life. The perinatal period is highly susceptible to environmental insults that, by disrupting critical developmental processes, can set the tone for the establishment of adult functionality. Here, we review the most recent knowledge regarding the major postnatal milestones in the development of metabolic, stress and reproductive hypothalamic circuitries, in the rodent, with a particular focus on perinatal programming of these circuitries by hormonal and nutritional influences. We also review the evidence for the continuous development of the hypothalamus in the adult brain, through changes in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and epigenetic modifications. This degree of plasticity has encouraging implications for the ability of the hypothalamus to at least partially reverse the effects of perinatal mal-programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- School of Biomedical SciencesCentre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hannah R Twigg
- School of Biomedical SciencesCentre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Emerging role of amyloid beta in stress response: Implication for depression and diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Mediates Adrenal Development Dysfunction in Offspring Rats Induced by Prenatal Food Restriction. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:488-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Moussaoui N, Larauche M, Biraud M, Molet J, Million M, Mayer E, Taché Y. Limited Nesting Stress Alters Maternal Behavior and In Vivo Intestinal Permeability in Male Wistar Pup Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155037. [PMID: 27149676 PMCID: PMC4858303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A few studies indicate that limited nesting stress (LNS) alters maternal behavior and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis of dams and offspring in male Sprague Dawley rats. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of LNS on maternal behavior in Wistar rats, and on the HPA axis, glycemia and in vivo intestinal permeability of male and female offspring. Intestinal permeability is known to be elevated during the first week postnatally and influenced by glucocorticoids. Dams and neonatal litters were subjected to LNS or normal nesting conditions (control) from days 2 to 10 postnatally. At day 10, blood was collected from pups for determination of glucose and plasma corticosterone by enzyme immunoassay and in vivo intestinal permeability by oral gavage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4kDa. Dams exposed to LNS compared to control showed an increase in the percentage of time spent building a nest (118%), self-grooming (69%), and putting the pups back to the nest (167%). LNS male and female pups exhibited a reduction of body weight by 5% and 4%, adrenal weights/100g body weight by 17% and 18%, corticosterone plasma levels by 64% and 62% and blood glucose by 11% and 12% respectively compared to same sex control pups. In male LNS pups, intestinal permeability was increased by 2.7-fold while no change was observed in females compared to same sex control. There was no sex difference in any of the parameters in control pups except the body weight. These data indicate that Wistar dams subjected to LNS during the first postnatal week have an altered repertoire of maternal behaviors which affects the development of the HPA axis in both sexes and intestinal barrier function in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Moussaoui
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, 90073, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Muriel Larauche
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, 90073, United States of America
| | - Mandy Biraud
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, 90073, United States of America
| | - Jenny Molet
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697–4475, United States of America
| | - Mulugeta Million
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, 90073, United States of America
| | - Emeran Mayer
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, 90073, United States of America
| | - Yvette Taché
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, 90073, United States of America
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Rao R, Ennis K, Mitchell EP, Tran PV, Gewirtz JC. Recurrent Moderate Hypoglycemia Suppresses Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Prefrontal Cortex and Impairs Sensorimotor Gating in the Posthypoglycemic Period in Young Rats. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:74-82. [PMID: 26820887 DOI: 10.1159/000442878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent hypoglycemia is common in infants and children. In developing rat models, recurrent moderate hypoglycemia leads to neuronal injury in the medial prefrontal cortex. To understand the effects beyond neuronal injury, 3-week-old male rats were subjected to 5 episodes of moderate hypoglycemia (blood glucose concentration, approx. 30 mg/dl for 90 min) once daily from postnatal day 24 to 28. Neuronal injury was determined using Fluoro-Jade B histochemistry on postnatal day 29. The effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) expression, which is critical for prefrontal cortex development, were determined on postnatal day 29 and at adulthood. The effects on prefrontal cortex-mediated function were determined by assessing the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex on postnatal day 29 and 2 weeks later, and by testing for fear-potentiated startle at adulthood. Recurrent hypoglycemia led to neuronal injury confined primarily to the medial prefrontal cortex. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex was suppressed on postnatal day 29 and was accompanied by lower prepulse inhibition, suggesting impaired sensorimotor gating. Following the cessation of recurrent hypoglycemia, the prepulse inhibition had recovered at 2 weeks. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex had normalized and fear-potentiated startle was intact at adulthood. Recurrent moderate hypoglycemia during development has significant adverse effects on the prefrontal cortex in the posthypoglycemic period.
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