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Ji X, Tang Y, Jing L, Zhou L, Wu B, Deng Y, Zhou S, Yang Y. Effects of a virtual reality-based motivational reinforcement + desensitization intervention program on psychological craving and addiction memory in female MA-dependent young adults. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1114878. [PMID: 37559915 PMCID: PMC10407098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1114878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a virtual reality (VR)-based motivational reinforcement + desensitization intervention program on psychological craving and addiction memory in female methamphetamine (MA)-dependent young adults. METHODS We recruited 60 female MA-dependent young adults in a compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation facility in Sichuan Province, and randomly assigned them to intervention (mean age = 23.24 ± 2.06) and control groups (mean age = 23.33 ± 2.09). The intervention group received a VR-based motivational enhancement + desensitization intervention (total of eight sessions over a 4-week period), while the control group received regular detoxification management during the same period. Assessments were conducted before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention, with a visual analogue scale (VAS) being used to assess subjective craving, electronic sphygmomanometer employed to measure physiological parameters, and the Addiction Memory Intensity Scale (AMIS) applied to assess addiction memory intensity. RESULTS Generalized estimating equation analysis showed significant main effects of group on changes in heart rate difference, systolic blood pressure difference, VAS and AMIS scores (all p < 0.01), and a significant time main effect on changes in diastolic blood pressure difference, VAS and AMIS scores (all p < 0.01), and a significant group × time interaction effect on changes in the difference values of three physiological parameters, VAS and AMIS scores (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). After the intervention, the differences in three physiological parameters, and the VAS and AMIS scores, were significantly lower in the intervention than in the control group (all p < 0.05), and the difference between the two groups remained significant 1 month after the end of the intervention (both p < 0.01). VAS scores, heart rate difference, and diastolic blood pressure difference in the intervention group were significantly lower than baseline scores, both at the end of the intervention and 1 month thereafter (all p < 0.01); the systolic blood pressure difference in the intervention group was significantly lower at the end of the intervention than at baseline (p < 0.05); AMIS scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than the baseline scores 1 month after the end of the intervention (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our VR-based motivational reinforcement + desensitization intervention program can effectively reduce psychological craving and physiological reactivity for drugs, and the intensity of addictive memories in female MA-dependent young adults, even after 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Ji
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyao Tang
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lushi Jing
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Sichuan Women’s Compulsory Isolation Drug Treatment Center, Deyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Sichuan Women’s Compulsory Isolation Drug Treatment Center, Deyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Sichuan Women’s Compulsory Isolation Drug Treatment Center, Deyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sijin Zhou
- Sichuan Women’s Compulsory Isolation Drug Treatment Center, Deyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yangyan Yang
- Sichuan Women’s Compulsory Isolation Drug Treatment Center, Deyang, Sichuan Province, China
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Allen A, Millear P, McKillop N, Katsikitis M. Sexual Fantasies and Harmful Sexual Interests: Exploring Differences in Sexual Memory Intensity and Sexual Fantasy Characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 67:835-860. [PMID: 35354408 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221086580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The perpetration of harmful sexual behavior is a global concern, with deviant sexual fantasies identified as a prominent etiological risk factor. However, the concepts of state sexual fantasy characteristics (e.g., vividness and emotionality) and associated trait sexual memory intensity have received minimal investigation concerning harmful sexual interests, formulating the impetus for this research. Two online surveys were conducted in community populations. Study 1 (N = 414) aimed to validate the psychometric properties of a trait sexual memory intensity scale (SMIS) through principal components analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and evaluation of concurrent validity. Study 2 (N = 820) endeavored to explore associations between state sexual fantasy characteristics and cognitive-behavior variables (e.g., frequency of masturbation to a reported fantasy), and evaluate differences in fantasy characteristics and SMIS scores between participants with and without harmful sexual interests. Collectively, results supported the factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the SMIS, while revealing significant associations between the SMIS, sexual fantasy characteristics, and several variables. Significant differences in sexual fantasy characteristics and SMIS scores were evident but variable among harmful sexual interests. Findings encourage the consideration and research of interventions focused on impairing mental imagery and memory in the management of harmful sexual interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Allen
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nadine McKillop
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Neuroplastic Changes in Addiction Memory-How Music Therapy and Music-Based Intervention May Reduce Craving: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020259. [PMID: 36831802 PMCID: PMC9953876 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that Music Therapy (MT) and Music-Based Interventions (MBIs) may reduce craving symptoms in people with Substance Use Disorders (SUD). However, MT/MBIs can lead SUD clients to recall memories associated with their drug history and the corresponding strong emotions (addiction memories). Craving is a central component of SUD, possibly linked to relapse and triggered by several factors such as the recall of memories associated with the drug experience. Therefore, to address the topic of what elements can account for an improvement in craving symptoms after MT/MBIs, we conducted a narrative review that (1) describes the brain correlates of emotionally salient autobiographical memories evoked by music, (2) outlines neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies suggesting how the experience of craving may encompass the recall of emotionally filled moments, and (3) points out the role of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in addiction memory neuroplasticity. We highlight how autobiographical memory retrieval, music-evoked autobiographical memories, and craving share similar neural activations with PNNs which represent a causal element in the processing of addiction memory. We finally conclude by considering how the neuroplastic characteristics of addiction memory might represent the ground to update and/or recalibrate, within the therapy, the emotional content related to the recall.
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Liao Y, Xie L, Chen X, Kelly BC, Qi C, Pan C, Yang M, Hao W, Liu T, Tang J. Sleep quality in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers: findings from the general population in central China. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:808. [PMID: 31234809 PMCID: PMC6591832 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep problems are common in the general population. Cigarette smoking is common in the general population of China. Examinations of the prevalence of poor sleep quality among Chinese smokers and nonsmokers are still lacking. This study was designed to examine sleep quality and sleep disturbances among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers in the general population in central China. Methods In this population-based sampling project, we used a multi-stage sampling method to recruit survey participants from September 2012 to October 2012 in rural and urban areas of Hunan province, China. A total of 27,300 subjects were sampled from the general population and 26,282 completed the self-report of cigarette smoking characteristics. Cigarette smoker was defined as having smoked ≥100 cigarette in a lifetime and smoked during the last 28 days. Cigarette smoking characteristics were obtained from smokers, including cigarettes per day, years of smoking, quit attempts, and smoking cravings. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to assess quality of sleep and sleep disturbances (PSQI score > 5). Results Significantly more smokers than nonsmokers demonstrated poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances. Among smokers, linear regression analyses showed that poor sleep was inversely associated with cigarettes per day, and positively associated with years of smoking, quit attempts, and smoking craving. Logistic regression analysis showed that quit attempts and smoking cravings were associated with higher odds of sleep disturbances. Conclusions Sleep disturbances were more prevalent among cigarette smokers than nonsmokers. Smokers also varied in sleep problems on the basis of the characteristics of their smoking. Smokers should be informed about the link between cigarette smoking and poor sleep quality, and should be advised that one of several important health benefits from smoking cessation could be the improvement of sleep quality. Sleep therapy should be recommended as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Liqin Xie
- Changsha Social Work College, 22 Xiangzhang Rd, Changsha, 410116, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Brian C Kelly
- Department of Sociology & Center for Research on Young People's Health (CRYPH), Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Clinical Psychology Department, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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