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Molina-Hernández N, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Chicharro JL, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, Vicente-Campos D, Marugán-Rubio D, Gutiérrez-Torre SE, Calvo-Lobo C. A Secondary Analysis of Gender Respiratory Features for Ultrasonography Bilateral Diaphragm Thickness, Respiratory Pressures, and Pulmonary Function in Low Back Pain. Tomography 2024; 10:880-893. [PMID: 38921944 PMCID: PMC11209459 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the gender respiratory differences of bilateral diaphragm thickness, respiratory pressures, and pulmonary function in patients with low back pain (LBP). A sample of 90 participants with nonspecific LBP was recruited and matched paired by sex (45 women and 45 men). Respiratory outcomes included bilateral diaphragm thickness by ultrasonography, respiratory muscle strength by maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures, and pulmonary function by forced expiratory volume during 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC spirometry parameters. The comparison of respiratory outcomes presented significant differences (p < 0.001), with a large effect size (d = 1.26-1.58) showing means differences (95% CI) for MIP of -32.26 (-42.99, -21.53) cm H2O, MEP of -50.66 (-64.08, -37.25) cm H2O, FEV1 of -0.92 (-1.18, -0.65) L, and FVC of -1.00 (-1.32, -0.69) L, with lower values for females versus males. Gender-based respiratory differences were presented for maximum respiratory pressures and pulmonary function in patients with nonspecific LBP. Women presented greater inspiratory and expiratory muscle weakness as well as worse lung function, although these differences were not linked to diaphragm thickness during normal breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Molina-Hernández
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.-H.); (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (D.M.-R.); (S.E.G.-T.); (C.C.-L.)
| | - David Rodríguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.-H.); (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (D.M.-R.); (S.E.G.-T.); (C.C.-L.)
| | | | - Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.-H.); (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (D.M.-R.); (S.E.G.-T.); (C.C.-L.)
| | | | - Davinia Vicente-Campos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Marugán-Rubio
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.-H.); (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (D.M.-R.); (S.E.G.-T.); (C.C.-L.)
- Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, 28023 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Eloy Gutiérrez-Torre
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.-H.); (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (D.M.-R.); (S.E.G.-T.); (C.C.-L.)
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.-H.); (R.B.-d.-B.-V.); (D.M.-R.); (S.E.G.-T.); (C.C.-L.)
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Molot J, Sears M, Anisman H. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: It's time to catch up to the science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105227. [PMID: 37172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex medical condition associated with low dose chemical exposures. MCS is characterized by diverse features and common comorbidities, including fibromyalgia, cough hypersensitivity, asthma, and migraine, and stress/anxiety, with which the syndrome shares numerous neurobiological processes and altered functioning within diverse brain regions. Predictive factors linked to MCS comprise genetic influences, gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, cell dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. The development of MCS may be attributed to the sensitization of transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors, notably TRPV1 and TRPA1. Capsaicin inhalation challenge studies demonstrated that TRPV1 sensitization is manifested in MCS, and functional brain imaging studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists promote brain-region specific neuronal variations. Unfortunately, MCS has often been inappropriately viewed as stemming exclusively from psychological disturbances, which has fostered patients being stigmatized and ostracized, and often being denied accommodation for their disability. Evidence-based education is essential to provide appropriate support and advocacy. Greater recognition of receptor-mediated biological mechanisms should be incorporated in laws, and regulation of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Margaret Sears
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
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Effectiveness of Ultrasonography Visual Biofeedback of the Diaphragm in Conjunction with Inspiratory Muscle Training on Muscle Thickness, Respiratory Pressures, Pain, Disability, Quality of Life and Pulmonary Function in Athletes with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154318. [PMID: 35893409 PMCID: PMC9332609 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphragmatic weakness and thickness reduction have been detected in athletes with lumbopelvic pain (LPP). Strength training of inspiratory muscles may be necessary for athletes with LPP. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and visual biofeedback by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) have been proposed as possible interventions. Here, we determine the effectiveness of visual biofeedback by RUSI with a proposed novel thoracic orthotic device to facilitate diaphragmatic contraction in conjunction with high-intensity IMT in athletes with non-specific LPP. A single-blinded, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was performed (NCT04097873). Of 86 participants assessed for eligibility, 64 athletes with non-specific LPP (39 males and 25 females; mean age, 33.15 ± 7.79 years) were recruited, randomized, analyzed and received diaphragm visual biofeedback by RUSI in conjunction with high-intensity IMT (RUSI+IMT; n = 32) or isolated high-intensity IMT (IMT; n = 32) interventions for 8 weeks. Diaphragmatic thickness during normal breathing, maximum respiratory pressures, pain intensity, pressure pain threshold on lumbar musculature, disability by the Roland−Morris questionnaire, quality of life by the SF-12 questionnaire and spirometry respiratory parameters were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. There were significant differences (p = 0.015), within a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.62) for the forced expiratory volume in 1-s (FEV1), which was increased in the RUSI+IMT intervention group relative to the IMT alone group. Adverse effects were not observed. The rest of the outcomes did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). Diaphragm visual biofeedback by RUSI with the proposed novel thoracic orthotic device in conjunction with high-intensity IMT improved lung function by increasing FEV1 in athletes with non-specific LPP.
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Painceira-Villar R, García-Paz V, Becerro de Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, López-López D, Martiniano J, Pereiro-Buceta H, Martínez-Jiménez EM, Calvo-Lobo C. Impact of Asthma on Plantar Pressures in a Sample of Adult Patients: A Case-Control Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111157. [PMID: 34834508 PMCID: PMC8619124 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the high prevalence of asthma in the population, and its relationship with various musculoskeletal and postural disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate the plantar pressures in asthmatic patients compared to a control group. A case-control study involving 90 participants was conducted, consisting of 45 asthma patients and 45 healthy paired controls. Static plantar pressure data were recorded using a portable pressure sensor platform. Statistically significant differences were shown in the body weight on the left heel (p = 0.031), and the right forefoot maximum peak pressure was lower in the case group (p = 0.042). The findings of this study show alterations in static plantar pressures in asthmatic patients compared to healthy individuals. Specifically, the subjects with asthma showed less maximum pressure in the right forefoot and less weight on the left heel, which appear to be associated with the asthma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Painceira-Villar
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (R.P.-V.); (D.L.-L.); (H.P.-B.); (V.G.-P.)
| | - Vanesa García-Paz
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (R.P.-V.); (D.L.-L.); (H.P.-B.); (V.G.-P.)
- Departament of Allergology. Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15403 Ferrol, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (R.P.-V.); (D.L.-L.); (H.P.-B.); (V.G.-P.)
| | - João Martiniano
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300-125 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Héctor Pereiro-Buceta
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (R.P.-V.); (D.L.-L.); (H.P.-B.); (V.G.-P.)
| | - Eva María Martínez-Jiménez
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.d.B.-V.); (C.C.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cesar Calvo-Lobo
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.d.B.-V.); (C.C.-L.)
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Rodríguez-Torres J, López-López L, Cabrera-Martos I, Torres-Sánchez I, Prados-Román E, Ortíz-Rubio A, Valenza MC. Symptom severity is associated with signs of central sensitization in patients with asthma. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2021; 15:1219-1226. [PMID: 34328269 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, dyspnoea, chest tightness and cough. In addition to respiratory symptoms, previous studies have reported the presence of pain. OBJECTIVE To analyse the nociceptive processing of young adults with well-controlled asthma. METHODS A cross-sectional case-control study was performed. Patients diagnosed with persistent well-controlled asthma were recruited from the 'Complejo Hospitalario Universitario' (Granada). Main outcomes included pain processing, measured by the pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs) and temporal summation and latency of pain; symptoms, including cough (Leicester Cough Questionnaire) and dyspnoea (Borg scale); and catastrophic cognitions about breathlessness, assessed by the Breathlessness Catastrophizing Scale (BCS). RESULTS Seven-two participants were finally recruited in our study. Patients with asthma presented lower pressure thresholds (p < 0.05) and significant differences in latency and summation tests. These patients also presented a greater cough level, with significant differences in all subscales (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in the BCS between groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results show a decrease of PPTs and a greater pain intensity in latency and summation tests, suggesting an abnormal pain processing in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Rodríguez-Torres
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura López-López
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Cabrera-Martos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Prados-Román
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli Ortíz-Rubio
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie C Valenza
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Eker Y, Belgen Kaygısız B. The effect of pain severity on balance, postural stability and fall risk in patients with shoulder pathologies. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:390-396. [PMID: 33747275 PMCID: PMC7959054 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to investigate how pain severity in the shoulder region affects balance ability, postural stability and fall risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty participants with shoulder pain, aged 42.45 ±6.51 years, were assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS); they were divided into 2 subgroups as a mild pain group (group 1) and a moderate/severe pain group (group 2). According to VAS-at rest the mild-pain group included 39 and the moderate/severe-pain group included 21 subjects. According to VAS-during movement, the mild-pain group included 19 and the moderate/severe-pain group included 41 subjects. Balance ability-postural stability, fall risk and fear of falling were assessed by the Sportkat System, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Fall Efficacy scale (FES) respectively. Differences of variables between mild pain and moderate/severe pain groups were analyzed by the independent groups t-test in groups conforming to a normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney U test for the variables that did not fit a normal distribution. RESULTS A positive relationship was found between VAS-at rest and double-foot static balance test score right-left (RL) ratio, while a negative relationship was found between VAS-at rest and BBS score (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between right foot static balance left score and RL ratio according to pain at rest (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that shoulder pain severity affects balance parameters. As pain level at rest increases, postural sway increases in a medio-lateral direction, and towards the left while standing on the right foot. Approaches regarding increasing balance and postural instability should be included in physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs of patients with shoulder pain at an early phase to protect patients from balance problems and fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Eker
- Physiotherapy Unit, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoğlu State Hospital, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Beliz Belgen Kaygısız
- European University of Lefke, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
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Ferrer-Peña R, Calvo-Lobo C, La Touche R, Fernández-Carnero J. Hip-Joint Posture and Movement Alterations Are Associated With High Interference of Pain in the Life of Patients With Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:612-619. [PMID: 32839019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a common condition that can cause lateral hip pain. The single-leg-squat test (SLST) may be used by physicians in primary care environments to evaluate patients' dynamic stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic stability and strength of lateral abduction hip movements in primary care patients with GTPS in relation to their perceived pain interference in life. METHODS A descriptive observational study was carried out in a primary health care center. Fifty-four participants with GTPS were included in this study and divided into lower- and higher-interference groups (n = 30 and 19, respectively) according to the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. Participants were evaluated for their lateral abduction hip strength and the SLST. RESULTS The SLST showed a statistically significant difference between groups with respect to hip-joint posture and movement level (P = .043) but not for other SLST domains or lateral abduction hip strength (P > .05). CONCLUSION Patients with GTPS with more pain interference in their lives had poorer dynamic stability with respect to hip-joint posture and movements based on the SLST but did not present impaired lateral hip abduction strength in comparison with those who perceived lower pain interference in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ferrer-Peña
- Physical Therapy Department, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, International Doctoral School, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain; Centro de Salud Entrevías, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Foundation for the Biomedical Research and Innovation of Primary Care of the Community of Madrid, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roy La Touche
- Physical Therapy Department, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josué Fernández-Carnero
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
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Jammes Y, Rkain H, Weber JP, Griffon P, Vie B, Palot A, Gallet PF. Pulmonary Rehabilitation is Improved by In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Intervention. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/19-00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have found that patients with asthma have bilateral foot dorsal flexion limitations, contributing to impaired quality of life. The authors hypothesised that foot misalignments could also occur in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and that foot orthoses could increase the motor benefits of their pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).
Presented herein are the results from a nonrandomised controlled study in 40 patients with COPD. Twenty patients had foot misalignment (Group 1) and wore foot orthoses for a 1-month PR period. Their data were compared to those obtained in 20 other patients with COPD who had no foot misalignment and did not wear foot orthoses (Group 2). Bodily fatigue, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, peak plantar flexion force (PFF), and oscillations of the centre of pressure (CoP) were measured. Measurements were performed prior to and following completion of PR (Groups 1 and 2), immediately after wearing the foot orthosis (Group 1), and after completion of PR plus foot orthoses (Group 1).
In Group 2, PR increased the 6MWT distance, but did not increase PFF nor reduce CoP oscillations and fatigue scale. Wearing the foot orthosis for the first time significantly increased the 6MWT distance (+98+12 m). Following PR with foot orthoses (Group 1), a further increase in 6MWT distance occurred (+120+13 m), bodily fatigue was reduced, PFF increased, and CoP oscillations decreased.
In patients with COPD and foot misalignment, foot orthoses enhanced the functional capacity and improved the postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Jammes
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France; School of Podiatry, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hanan Rkain
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jean Paul Weber
- School of Podiatry, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bruno Vie
- School of Podiatry, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Palot
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Martín-Martín L, Membrilla-Mesa MD, Lozano-Lozano M, Galiano-Castillo N, Fernández-Lao C, Arroyo-Morales M. Association between Physiological and Subjective Aspects of Pain and Disability in Post-Stroke Patients with Shoulder Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081093. [PMID: 31344928 PMCID: PMC6722959 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients often experience pain as a result of a stroke. However, the mechanism of this pain remains uncertain. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and disability pain in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP). Methods: Twenty-six post-stroke patients (age 53.35 ± 13.09 years) and healthy controls (54.35 ± 12.37 years) participated. We investigated spontaneous shoulder pain, disability pain perception through the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), and the PPTs over joint C5–C6, upper trapezius, deltoid, epicondyle, second metacarpal, and tibialis anterior, bilaterally. Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in pain between groups (p < 0.001) and differences in the SPADI (p < 0.001) between groups but not between sides for PPTs over deltoid (group: p = 0.007; side: p = 0.750), epicondyle (group: p = 0.001; side: p = 0.848), and tibialis anterior (group: p < 0.001; side: p = 0.932). Pain in the affected arm was negatively associated with PPTs over the affected epicondyle (p = 0.003) and affected tibialis anterior (p = 0.009). Pain (SPADI) appeared negatively correlated with PPTs over the affected epicondyle (p = 0.047), and disability (SPADI) was negatively associated with PPTs over the affected tibialis anterior (p = 0.041). Conclusions: Post-stroke patients showed a relationship between widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity with lower PPT levels and pain disability perception, suggesting a central sensitization mediated by bilateral and symmetric pain patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Martín-Martín
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada). University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Miguel David Membrilla-Mesa
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Section Rehabilitation and Traumatology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Mario Lozano-Lozano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada). University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Noelia Galiano-Castillo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada), Instituto Mixto Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Carolina Fernández-Lao
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada), Instituto Mixto Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Manuel Arroyo-Morales
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada), Instituto Mixto Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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