1
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Roganowicz M, Bär D, Bersaglieri C, Aprigliano R, Santoro R. BAZ2A-RNA mediated association with TOP2A and KDM1A represses genes implicated in prostate cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301950. [PMID: 37184661 PMCID: PMC10130768 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BAZ2A represses rRNA genes (rDNA) that are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. In prostate cancer (PCa), BAZ2A function goes beyond this role because it represses genes frequently silenced in metastatic disease. However, the mechanisms of this BAZ2A-mediated repression remain elusive. Here, we show that BAZ2A represses genes through its RNA-binding TAM domain using mechanisms differing from rDNA silencing. Although the TAM domain mediates BAZ2A recruitment to rDNA, in PCa, this is not required for BAZ2A association with target genes. Instead, the BAZ2A-TAM domain in association with RNA mediates the interaction with topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A) and histone demethylase KDM1A, whose expression positively correlates with BAZ2A levels in localized and metastatic PCa. TOP2A and KDM1A pharmacological inhibition up-regulate BAZ2A-repressed genes that are regulated by inactive enhancers bound by BAZ2A, whereas rRNA genes are not affected. Our findings showed a novel RNA-based mechanism of gene regulation in PCa. Furthermore, we determined that RNA-mediated interactions between BAZ2A and TOP2A and KDM1A repress genes critical to PCa and may prove to be useful to stratify prostate cancer risk and treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Roganowicz
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- RNA Biology Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Bär
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristiana Bersaglieri
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Aprigliano
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Santoro
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Mandl A, Markowski MC, Carducci MA, Antonarakis ES. Role of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins in prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:213-228. [PMID: 36857796 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2186851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins are epigenetic readers of acetylated histones and are critical activators of oncogenic networks across many cancers. Therapeutic targeting of BET proteins has been an attractive area of clinical development for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In recent years, many structurally diverse BET inhibitors have been discovered and tested. Preclinical studies have demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity of BET inhibitors against prostate cancer. However, their clinical success as monotherapies has been limited by treatment-associated toxicities, primary and acquired drug resistance, and a lack of predictive biomarkers of benefit. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of advancements in BET inhibitor design, preclinical research, and conclusions from clinical trials in prostate cancer. We speculate on incorporating BET inhibitors into combination regimens with other agents to improve the therapeutic index of BET inhibition in treating prostate cancer. EXPERT OPINION The therapeutic potential of BET inhibitors for prostate cancer has been demonstrated in preclinical studies. However, further research is needed to identify biomarkers that can predict sensitivity to BET inhibitors and to develop novel, highly selective inhibitors to reduce toxicities. Finally, BET inhibitors are likely to hold the most clinical potential in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Mandl
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark C Markowski
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Carducci
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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3
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Wang N, Ma T, Yu B. Targeting epigenetic regulators to overcome drug resistance in cancers. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:69. [PMID: 36797239 PMCID: PMC9935618 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is mainly responsible for cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. Epigenetic regulation is a heritable change in gene expressions independent of nucleotide sequence changes. As the common epigenetic regulation mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation have been well studied. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant epigenetic regulations contribute to tumor resistance. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulators represents an effective strategy to reverse drug resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the roles of epigenetic regulation in tumor resistance. In addition, as the essential factors for epigenetic modifications, histone demethylases mediate the histone or genomic DNA modifications. Herein, we comprehensively describe the functions of the histone demethylase family including the lysine-specific demethylase family, the Jumonji C-domain-containing demethylase family, and the histone arginine demethylase family, and fully discuss their regulatory mechanisms related to cancer drug resistance. In addition, therapeutic strategies, including small-molecule inhibitors and small interfering RNA targeting histone demethylases to overcome drug resistance, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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4
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Noce B, Di Bello E, Fioravanti R, Mai A. LSD1 inhibitors for cancer treatment: Focus on multi-target agents and compounds in clinical trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120911. [PMID: 36817147 PMCID: PMC9932783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) was first identified in 2004 as an epigenetic enzyme able to demethylate specific lysine residues of histone H3, namely H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2, using FAD as the cofactor. It is ubiquitously overexpressed in many types of cancers (breast, gastric, prostate, hepatocellular, and esophageal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and others) leading to block of differentiation and increase of proliferation, migration and invasiveness at cellular level. LSD1 inhibitors can be grouped in covalent and non-covalent agents. Each group includes some hybrid compounds, able to inhibit LSD1 in addition to other target(s) at the same time (dual or multitargeting compounds). To date, 9 LSD1 inhibitors have entered clinical trials, for hematological and/or solid cancers. Seven of them (tranylcypromine, iadademstat (ORY-1001), bomedemstat (IMG-7289), GSK-2879552, INCB059872, JBI-802, and Phenelzine) covalently bind the FAD cofactor, and two are non-covalent LSD1 inhibitors [pulrodemstat (CC-90011) and seclidemstat (SP-2577)]. Another TCP-based LSD1/MAO-B dual inhibitor, vafidemstat (ORY-2001), is in clinical trial for Alzheimer's diseases and personality disorders. The present review summarizes the structure and functions of LSD1, its pathological implications in cancer and non-cancer diseases, and the identification of LSD1 covalent and non-covalent inhibitors with different chemical scaffolds, including those involved in clinical trials, highlighting their potential as potent and selective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Noce
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Rossella Fioravanti,
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Yan G, Zhang H, Li Y, Miao G, Liu X, Lv Q. Viscosalactone B, a natural LSD1 inhibitor, inhibits proliferation in vitro and in vivo against prostate cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:134-141. [PMID: 36692618 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been a promising target to treat prostate cancer, and discovery of novel LSD1 inhibitors would have great clinical significance. In this work, viscosalactone B was first identified as a novel LSD1 inhibitor. Viscosalactone B isolated from Withania Somnifera displayed antiproliferative activity against PC3, DU145, C42B, PC3/MDVR, DU145/MDVR, and C42B/MDVR cells with IC50 values of 1.17, 0.72, 3.86, 2.06, 0.96 and 1.15 μM, respectively. In comparison, it was a selective LSD1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 970.27 nM and could induce a significant accumulation of LSD1 substrates H3K9me1, H3K9me2, and H3K4me1 in a concentration-dependent manner in DU145 cells. According to docking studies, it formed hydrogen bonds with the Thr11, Lys14, and Arg8 residues of LSD1. Importantly, while it displayed potent antitumor efficacy in vivo, it did not show obvious cytotoxicity on the major organs of nude mice. Therefore, viscosalactone B, as a novel LSD1 inhibitor, is a potential candidate that can be used for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaobo Yan
- Dandong Center Hospital Laboratory, Dandong, 118002, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Dandong Center Hospital Laboratory, Dandong, 118002, China
| | - Yan Li
- Dandong Center Hospital Laboratory, Dandong, 118002, China
| | - Guoqiang Miao
- Dandong Center Hospital Laboratory, Dandong, 118002, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Dandong Center Hospital Laboratory, Dandong, 118002, China
| | - Qifan Lv
- Dandong Center Hospital Laboratory, Dandong, 118002, China
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6
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Moreira-Silva F, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. From Therapy Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877379. [PMID: 35686097 PMCID: PMC9170957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide. Although early-stage disease is curable, advanced stage PCa is mostly incurable and eventually becomes resistant to standard therapeutic options. Different genetic and epigenetic alterations are associated with the development of therapy resistant PCa, with specific players being particularly involved in this process. Therefore, identification and targeting of these molecules with selective inhibitors might result in anti-tumoral effects. Herein, we describe the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in PCa, focusing on the most relevant molecules, aiming to enlighten the current state of targeted therapies in PCa. We suggest that selective drug targeting, either alone or in combination with standard treatment options, might improve therapeutic sensitivity of resistant PCa. Moreover, an individualized analysis of tumor biology in each PCa patient might improve treatment selection and therapeutic response, enabling better disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Moreira-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (He-alth Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (He-alth Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (He-alth Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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7
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Menna M, Fiorentino F, Marrocco B, Lucidi A, Tomassi S, Cilli D, Romanenghi M, Cassandri M, Pomella S, Pezzella M, Del Bufalo D, Zeya Ansari MS, Tomašević N, Mladenović M, Viviano M, Sbardella G, Rota R, Trisciuoglio D, Minucci S, Mattevi A, Rotili D, Mai A. Novel non-covalent LSD1 inhibitors endowed with anticancer effects in leukemia and solid tumor cellular models. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Ma T, Li A, Guo Y, Li S, Li M, Feng S, Liu H. KDM1A/LSD1 as a promising target in various diseases treatment by regulating autophagy network. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112762. [PMID: 35240522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to alterations in gene expressions that are reversible and stable, but do not involve changes in DNA sequences. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that epigenetics plays a critical role in autophagy, which can be schematized as a biological process comprising of the following steps: autophagy signal activation, autophagic vesicle elongation, autophagosome maturation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. As previously reported, autophagy can maintain intracellular homeostasis and autophagy dysfunction will lead to various diseases. For instance, the abnormal expression of genes involved in autophagy can result in the occurrence of many cancers and atherosclerosis. It is also well known that epigenetic modifications can affect autophagy related genes expressions and modulate other signaling molecular involved in autophagy. As an important epigenetic enzyme, LSD1 (lysine specific demethylase 1) plays an essential role in modulating autophagy. On one hand, LSD1 directly regulates autophagy-related genes expressions, including ATGs, Beclin-1, LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. On the other hand, inhibition of LSD1 can activate autophagy through regulating the activities of some other proteins such as p53, SESN2, mTORC1 and PTEN. Since autophagy activation is tightly related to the occurrence of various diseases and can be induced by LSD1 inhibition, development of LSD1 inhibitors will provide a new direction to treat such diseases. In this review, we described the mechanisms by which LSD1 regulates autophagy in different manners and how autophagic dysfunction leads to diseases occurrence. In addition, some LSD1 inhibitors used to treat diseases through modulating autophagy are also summarized in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Anqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yueyang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaotong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Siqi Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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9
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Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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10
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Malagraba G, Yarmohammadi M, Javed A, Barceló C, Rubio-Tomás T. The Role of LSD1 and LSD2 in Cancers of the Gastrointestinal System: An Update. Biomolecules 2022; 12:462. [PMID: 35327654 PMCID: PMC8946813 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a key role in cancer progression. Specifically, histone methylation involves reversible post-translational modification of histones that govern chromatin structure remodelling, genomic imprinting, gene expression, DNA damage repair, and meiotic crossover recombination, among other chromatin-based activities. Demethylases are enzymes that catalyse the demethylation of their substrate using a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidation process. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and its homolog, lysine-specific demethylase 2 (LSD2), are overexpressed in a variety of human cancer types and, thus, regulate tumour progression. In this review, we focus on the literature from the last 5 years concerning the role of LSD1 and LSD2 in the main gastrointestinal cancers (i.e., gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Malagraba
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Mahdieh Yarmohammadi
- Central Tehran Branch, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1955847881, Iran;
| | - Aadil Javed
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey;
| | - Carles Barceló
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
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11
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Ojha R, Chen IC, Hsieh CM, Nepali K, Lai RW, Hsu KC, Lin TE, Pan SL, Chen MC, Liou JP. Installation of Pargyline, a LSD1 Inhibitor, in the HDAC Inhibitory Template Culminated in the Identification of a Tractable Antiprostate Cancer Agent. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17824-17845. [PMID: 34908406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pragmatic insertion of pargyline, a LSD1 inhibitor, as a surface recognition part in the HDAC inhibitory pharmacophore was planned in pursuit of furnishing potent antiprostate cancer agents. Resultantly, compound 14 elicited magnificent cell growth inhibitory effects against the PC-3 and DU-145 cell lines and led to remarkable suppression of tumor growth in human prostate PC-3 and DU-145 xenograft nude mouse models. The outcome of the enzymatic assays ascertained that the substantial antiproliferative effects of compound 14 were mediated through HDAC6 isoform inhibition as well as selective MAO-A and LSD1 inhibition. Moreover, the signatory feature of LSD1 inhibition by 14 in the context of H3K4ME2 accumulation was clearly evident from the results of western blot analysis. Gratifyingly, hydroxamic acid 14 demonstrates good human hepatocytic stability and good oral bioavailability in rats and exhibits enough promise to emerge as a therapeutic for the treatment of prostate cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Ojha
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - I-Chung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Row-Wen Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Master Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
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12
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Labrecque MP, Alumkal JJ, Coleman IM, Nelson PS, Morrissey C. The heterogeneity of prostate cancers lacking AR activity will require diverse treatment approaches. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:T51-T66. [PMID: 33792558 PMCID: PMC8292199 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of androgen deprivation therapy and second-line anti-androgens in prostate cancer has led to the emergence of tumors employing multiple androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms to resist AR-targeted therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). While the AR signaling axis remains the cornerstone for therapeutic development in CRPC, a clearer understanding of the heterogeneous biology of CRPC tumors is needed for innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of CRPC tumors that lack AR activity and the temporal and spatial considerations for the conversion of an AR-dependent to an AR-independent tumor type. We describe the more prevalent treatment-emergent phenotypes arising in the CRPC disease continuum, including amphicrine, AR-low, double-negative, neuroendocrine and small cell phenotypes. We discuss the association between the loss of AR activity and tumor plasticity with a focus on the roles of transcription factors like SOX2, DNA methylation, alternative splicing, and the activity of epigenetic modifiers like EZH2, BRD4, LSD1, and the nBAF complex in conversion to a neuroendocrine or small cell phenotype in CRPC. We hypothesize that only a subset of CRPC tumors have the propensity for tumor plasticity and conversion to the neuroendocrine phenotype and outline how we might target these plastic and emergent phenotypes in CRPC. In conclusion, we assess the current and future avenues for treatment and determine that the heterogeneity of CRPCs lacking AR activity will require diverse treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Labrecque
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ilsa M. Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Corresponding author Telephone: 206-543-1461, Fax:
206-543-1146,
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13
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Pacheco MB, Camilo V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic Editing in Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Epigenetics 2021; 17:564-588. [PMID: 34130596 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1939477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenome editing consists of fusing a predesigned DNA recognition unit to the catalytic domain of a chromatin modifying enzyme leading to the introduction or removal of an epigenetic mark at a specific locus. These platforms enabled the study of the mechanisms and roles of epigenetic changes in several research domains such as those addressing pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Despite the continued efforts required to overcome some limitations, which include specificity, off-target effects, efficacy, and longevity, these tools have been rapidly progressing and improving.Since prostate cancer is characterized by multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations that affect different signalling pathways, epigenetic editing constitutes a promising strategy to hamper cancer progression. Therefore, by modulating chromatin structure through epigenome editing, its conformation might be better understood and events that drive prostate carcinogenesis might be further unveiled.This review describes the different epigenome engineering tools, their mechanisms concerning gene's expression and regulation, highlighting the challenges and opportunities concerning prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brütt Pacheco
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Camilo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. DR. António Bernardino De Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal
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Dai XJ, Liu Y, Xiong XP, Xue LP, Zheng YC, Liu HM. Tranylcypromine Based Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 Inhibitor: Summary and Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14197-14215. [PMID: 32931269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) has become an important and promising anticancer target since it was first identified in 2004 and specially demethylates lysine residues of histone H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2. LSD1 is ubiquitously overexpressed in diverse cancers, and abrogation of LSD1 results in inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration in cancer cells. Over the past decade, a number of biologically active small-molecule LSD1 inhibitors have been developed. To date, six trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (TCP)-based LSD1 inhibitors (including TCP, ORY-1001, GSK-2879552, INCB059872, IMG-7289, and ORY-2001) that covalently bind to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) within the LSD1 catalytic cavity have already entered into clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview about the structures, activities, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of TCP-based LSD1 inhibitors that mainly covers the literature from 2008 to date. The opportunities, challenges, and future research directions in this emerging and promising field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Xiong
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lei-Peng Xue
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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15
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Ma L, Wang H, You Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Yang F, Zheng Y, Liu H. Exploration of 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidin derivatives containing an 1,2,3-triazole moiety as potent FAD-based LSD1 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1658-1668. [PMID: 33088686 PMCID: PMC7563019 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Discovery and develop novel and potent LSD1 inhibitors is a challenge, although several of them have already entered into clinical trials. Herein, for the first time, we reported the discovery of a series of 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine derivatives as LSD1 inhibitors using flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) similarity-based designing strategy, of which compound 14q was finally identified to repress LSD1 with IC50 = 183 nmol/L. Docking analysis suggested that compound 14q fitted well into the FAD-binding pocket. Further mechanism studies showed that compound 14q may inhibit LSD1 activity competitively by occupying the FAD binding sites of LSD1 and inhibit cell migration and invasion by reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overall, these findings showed that compound 14q is a suitable candidate for further development of novel FAD similarity-based LSD1 inhibitors.
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Key Words
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Anticancer
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
- Gastric cancer
- HRMS, high resolution mass spectra
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- LSD1 inhibitors
- LSD1, histone lysine specific demethylase 1
- MOE, molecular operating environment
- PAINS, pan assay interference compounds
- PDB, the Protein Data Bank
- Pyrimidine
- RLU, relative light units
- SARs, structure–activity relationship studies
- TCP, tranylcypromine
- VDW, van der Waals
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yinghua You
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaoya Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuejiao Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Nozaki S, Naiki T, Naiki-Ito A, Iwatsuki S, Takeda T, Etani T, Nagai T, Iida K, Kato H, Suzuki T, Takahashi S, Umemoto Y, Yasui T. Selective lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitor, NCL1, could cause testicular toxicity via the regulation of apoptosis. Andrology 2020; 8:1895-1906. [PMID: 32598553 PMCID: PMC7689788 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that epigenetic alterations, such as those involving lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), lead to oncogenic activation and highlight such alterations as therapeutic targets. However, studies evaluating the effect of LSD1 inhibitors on male fertility are lacking. Objectives We analyzed the potential toxicity of a new selective LSD1 inhibitor, N‐[(1S)‐3‐[3‐(trans‐2‐aminocyclopropyl)phenoxy]‐1‐(benzylcarbamoyl)propyl] benzamide (NCL1), in testes. Materials and methods Human testicular samples were immunohistochemically analyzed. Six‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle (n = 15), or 1.0 (n = 15) or 3.0 (n = 15) mg/kg NCL1 biweekly. After five weeks, toxicity and gene expression were analyzed in testicular samples by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) using RNA sequence data and quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)–PCR; hormonal damage was analyzed in blood samples. NCL1 treated GC‐1, TM3, and TM4 cell lines were analyzed by cell viability, chromatin immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, and Western blot assays. Results LSD1 was mainly expressed in human Sertoli and germ cells, with LSD1 levels significantly decreased in a progressive meiosis‐dependent manner; germ cells showed similar expression patterns in normal spermatogenesis and early/late maturation arrest. Histological examination revealed significantly increased levels of abnormal seminiferous tubules in 3.0 mg/kg NCL1–treated mice compared to control, with increased cellular detachment, sloughing, vacuolization, eosinophilic changes, and TUNEL‐positive cells. IPA and qRT–PCR revealed NCL1 treatment down‐regulated LSD1 activity. NCL1 also reduced total serum testosterone levels. Western blots of mouse testicular samples revealed NCL1 induced a marked elevation in cleaved caspases 3, 7, and 8, and connexin 43 proteins. NCL1 treatment significantly reduced GC‐1, but not TM3 and TM4, cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. In flow cytometry analysis, NCL1 induced apoptosis in GC‐1 cells. Conclusions High‐dose NCL1 treatment targeting LSD1 caused dysfunctional spermatogenesis and induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis. This suggests the LSD1 inhibitor may cause testicular toxicity via the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nozaki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Iwatsuki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takeda
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Etani
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Iida
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Complex Molecular Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Umemoto
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Education and Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Arifuzzaman S, Khatun MR, Khatun R. Emerging of lysine demethylases (KDMs): From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110392. [PMID: 32574968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there have been remarkable scientific advancements in the understanding of lysine demethylases (KDMs) because of their demethylation of diverse substrates, including nucleic acids and proteins. Novel structural architectures, physiological roles in the gene expression regulation, and ability to modify protein functions made KDMs the topic of interest in biomedical research. These structural diversities allow them to exert their function either alone or in complex with numerous other bio-macromolecules. Impressive number of studies have demonstrated that KDMs are localized dynamically across the cellular and tissue microenvironment. Their dysregulation is often associated with human diseases, such as cancer, immune disorders, neurological disorders, and developmental abnormalities. Advancements in the knowledge of the underlying biochemistry and disease associations have led to the development of a series of modulators and technical compounds. Given the distinct biophysical and biochemical properties of KDMs, in this review we have focused on advances related to the structure, function, disease association, and therapeutic targeting of KDMs highlighting improvements in both the specificity and efficacy of KDM modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarder Arifuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh; Everest Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh.
| | - Mst Reshma Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rabeya Khatun
- Department of Pediatrics, TMSS Medical College and Rafatullah Community Hospital, Gokul, Bogura, 5800, Bangladesh
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Caffeine Modulates Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Cognitive Impairments by Regulating Nrf-2/HO-1 In Vivo and In Vitro. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050680. [PMID: 31091792 PMCID: PMC6572702 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a nonbiodegradable heavy metal and one of the most neurotoxic environmental and industrial pollutants, promotes disturbances in major organs and tissues following both acute and chronic exposure. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective potential of caffeine (30 mg/kg) against Cd (5 mg/kg)-induced oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and cognitive deficits in male C57BL/6N mice in vivo and in HT-22 and BV-2 cell lines in vitro. Interestingly, our findings indicate that caffeine markedly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), which act as endogenous antioxidant regulators. Also, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-OXO-G) expression was considerably reduced in the caffeine-treated group as compared to the Cd-treated group. Similarly, caffeine ameliorated Cd-mediated glial activation by reducing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), and other inflammatory mediators in the cortical and hippocampal regions of the mouse brain. Moreover, caffeine markedly attenuated Cd-induced neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and learning and cognitive deficits. Of note, nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) gene silencing and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibition studies revealed that caffeine exerted neuroprotection via regulation of Nrf-2- and NF-κB-dependent mechanisms in the HT-22 and BV-2 cell lines, respectively. On the whole, these findings reveal that caffeine rescues Cd-induced oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and memory impairment. The present study suggests that caffeine might be a potential antioxidant and neuroprotective agent against Cd-induced neurodegeneration.
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