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Shams SGE, Ocampo RJ, Rahman S, Makhlouf MM, Ali J, Elnashar MM, Ebrahim HL, Abd Elmageed ZY. Decoding the secrets of small extracellular vesicle communications: exploring the inhibition of vesicle-associated pathways and interception strategies for cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1957-1980. [PMID: 38859839 PMCID: PMC11162651 DOI: 10.62347/jwmx3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2023, about 2 million new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The driving forces of cancer progression and metastasis are widely varied and comprise multifactorial events. Although there is significant success in treating cancer, patients still present with tumors at advanced stages. Therefore, the discovery of novel oncologic pathways has been widely developed. Tumor cells communicate with each other through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which contribute to tumor-stromal interaction and promote tumor growth and metastasis. sEV-specific inhibitors are being investigated as a next-generation cancer therapy. A literature search was conducted to discuss different options for targeting sEV pathways in cancer cells. However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed in targeting sEVs: i) specificity and toxicity of sEV inhibitor, ii) targeted delivery of sEV inhibitors, iii) combination of sEV inhibitors with current standard chemotherapy to improve patients' clinical outcomes, and iv) data reproducibility and applicability at distinct levels of the disease. Despite these challenges, sEV inhibitors have immense potential for effectively treating cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams GE Shams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Ron-Joseph Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Sanna Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Maysoon M Makhlouf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Jihad Ali
- School of Medicine, Medipol UniversityKavacik, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magdy M Elnashar
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin UniversityBentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hassan L Ebrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
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2
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Rathi D, Rossi C, Pospíšil P, Ramalingam Manoharan R, Talarico L, Magnani A, Prasad A. NOX2 and NOX4 expression in monocytes and macrophages-extracellular vesicles in signalling and therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1342227. [PMID: 38690564 PMCID: PMC11058225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1342227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a type of cytoplasmic vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. EVs originating from cells have been known to participate in cell communication, antigen presentation, immune cell activation, tolerance induction, etc. These EVs can also carry the active form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase, which is very essential for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that can then modulate processes such as cell regeneration. The aim of this study is to characterize the EVs isolated from U-937 and THP-1 cells, identify the NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms, and to determine whether EVs can modulate NOX4 and NOX2 in monocytes and macrophages. In our study, isolated EVs of U-937 were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy and immunoblotting. The results showed that the exogenous addition of differentiation agents (either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or ascorbic acid) or the supplementation of EVs used in the study did not cause any stress leading to alterations in cell proliferation and viability. In cells co-cultured with EVs for 72 h, strong suppression of NOX4 and NOX2 is evident when monocytes transform into macrophagic cells. We also observed lower levels of oxidative stress measured using immunoblotting and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy under the EVs co-cultured condition, which also indicates that EVs might contribute significantly by acting as an antioxidant source, which agrees with previous studies that hypothesized the role of EVs in therapeutics. Therefore, our results provide evidence for NOX regulation by EVs in addition to its role as an antioxidant cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rathi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Luigi Talarico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
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3
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Cheng YN, Huang WC, Wang CY, Fu PK. Compared the Microbiota Profiles between Samples from Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Endotracheal Aspirates in Severe Pneumonia: A Real-World Experience. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020327. [PMID: 35054022 PMCID: PMC8778781 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract sampling from endotracheal aspirate (EA) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are both common methods to identify pathogens in severe pneumonia. However, the difference between these two methods in microbiota profiles remains unclear. We compared the microbiota profiles of pairwise EA and BAL samples in ICU patients with respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia. We prospectively enrolled 50 ICU patients with new onset of pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. EA and BAL were performed on the first ICU day, and samples were analyzed for microbial community composition via 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Pathogens were identified in culture medium from BAL samples in 21 (42%) out of 50 patients. No difference was observed in the antibiotic prescription pattern, ICU mortality, or hospital mortality between BAL-positive and BAL-negative patients. The microbiota profiles in the EA and BAL samples are similar with respect to diversity, microbial composition, and microbial community correlations. The antibiotic treatment regimen was rarely changed based on the BAL findings. The samples from BAL did not provide more information than EA in the microbiota profiles. We suggest that EA is more useful than BAL for microbiome identification in mechanically ventilated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Nan Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (Y.-N.C.); (W.-C.H.)
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (Y.-N.C.); (W.-C.H.)
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan;
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Kuei Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- College of Human Science and Social Innovation, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-937-701-592
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Ning J, Qiao L. The role of necroptosis in common respiratory diseases in children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:945175. [PMID: 35967568 PMCID: PMC9367635 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.945175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that necroptosis (NEC) relies on a unique gene-regulated molecular pathway to cause cell death. With the development of knockout mouse models and specific molecular inhibitors of necrotic proteins, this cell death pathway has been considered one of the important causes of the pathogenesis of human diseases. In this review, we explored the possible roles and mechanisms of NEC in common respiratory diseases in children, such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infection, childhood asthma, pulmonary hypertension, etc., in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ning
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Liu Z, Yan J, Tong L, Liu S, Zhang Y. The role of exosomes from BALF in lung disease. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:161-168. [PMID: 34388259 PMCID: PMC9292261 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are released from a variety of immune cells and nonimmune cells, the phospholipid vesicle bilayer membrane structure actively secreted into tissues. Recently, exosomes were demonstrated to be effectively delivered proteins, cholesterol, lipids, and amounts of DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNAs to a target cell or tissue from a host cell. These can be detected in blood, urine, exhaled breath condensates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid. BALF is a clinical examination method for obtaining alveolar cells and biochemical components, reflecting changes in the lungs, so it is also called liquid biopsy. Exosomes from BALF become a new method for intercellular communication and well‐documented in various pulmonary diseases. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), BALF exosomes can predict the degree of COPD damage and serve as an effective monitoring indicator for airflow limitation and airway remodeling. It also mediates antigen presentation in the airways to the adaptive immune system as well as costimulatory effects. Furthermore, BALF exosomes from acute lung injury and infective diseases are closely related to various infections and lack of oxygen status. BALF exosomes play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. The effect of immunomodulatory role for BALF exosomes in adaptive and innate immune responses has been studied in sarcoidosis. The intercellular communication in the microenvironment of BALF exosomes in pulmonary fibrosis and lung remodeling have been studied. In this review, we summarize the novel findings of exosomes in BALF, executed function by protein, miRNA, DNA cytokine, and so on in several pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shouyue Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Walsh SA, Hoyt BW, Rowe CJ, Dey D, Davis TA. Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040522. [PMID: 33807302 PMCID: PMC8065643 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Walsh
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Benjamin W. Hoyt
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Cassie J. Rowe
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Devaveena Dey
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Chen CM, Lu HC, Tung YT, Chen W. Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070230. [PMID: 32708068 PMCID: PMC7399831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and devastating syndrome that contributes to serious morbidities and mortality in critically ill patients. No known pharmacologic therapy is beneficial in the treatment of ARDS, and the only effective management is through a protective lung strategy. Platelets play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, and antiplatelet therapy may be a potential medication for ARDS. In this review, we introduce the overall pathogenesis of ARDS, and then focus on platelet-related mechanisms underlying the development of ARDS, including platelet adhesion to the injured vessel wall, platelet-leukocyte-endothelium interactions, platelet-related lipid mediators, and neutrophil extracellular traps. We further summarize antiplatelet therapy, including aspirin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, and P2Y12 inhibitors for ARDS in experimental and clinical studies and a meta-analysis. Novel aspirin-derived agents, aspirin-triggered lipoxin, and aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 are also described here. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of ARDS, and the potential benefits of antiplatelet therapy for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lu
- Division of Respiratory Therapy, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.T.); (W.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (Y.-T.T.); +886-5-2779365 (ext. 6172) (W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.T.); (W.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (Y.-T.T.); +886-5-2779365 (ext. 6172) (W.C.)
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Pathophysiological Insights and Lung Imaging. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122171. [PMID: 31818023 PMCID: PMC6947447 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is in the center of the scientific debate both for its complex pathophysiology and for the discussion about the remedies that could contribute to its healing. The intricate interplay of different body systems that characterizes ARDS is mirrored by two main research threads, one centered on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and the other on the new approaches to lung imaging. In this Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine are presented studies using imaging technologies based on electrical impedance tomography, synchrotron radiation computed tomography and intravital probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy. The studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms pertain to the evaluation of the biomarkers of the disease and the platelet disfunction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These contributions witness the intensity of ARDS research as many of the key problems of the disease are only in part resolved.
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