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Bittman-Soto XS, Thomas ES, Ganshert ME, Mendez-Santacruz LL, Harrell JC. The Transformative Role of 3D Culture Models in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1859. [PMID: 38791938 PMCID: PMC11119918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cell culturing techniques have allowed the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models sourced directly from patients' tissues and tumors, faithfully replicating the native tissue environment. These models provide a more clinically relevant platform for studying disease progression and treatment responses compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) models. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and patient-derived xenograft organoids (PDXOs) emerge as innovative 3D cancer models capable of accurately mimicking the tumor's unique features, enhancing our understanding of tumor complexities, and predicting clinical outcomes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant clinical challenges due to its aggressive nature, propensity for early metastasis, and limited treatment options. TNBC PDOs and PDXOs have significantly contributed to the comprehension of TNBC, providing novel insights into its underlying mechanism and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This review explores the transformative role of various 3D cancer models in elucidating TNBC pathogenesis and guiding novel therapeutic strategies. It also provides an overview of diverse 3D cell culture models, derived from cell lines and tumors, highlighting their advantages and culturing challenges. Finally, it delves into live-cell imaging techniques, endpoint assays, and alternative cell culture media and methodologies, such as scaffold-free and scaffold-based systems, essential for advancing 3D cancer model research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier S. Bittman-Soto
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (E.S.T.)
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00921, USA
| | - Evelyn S. Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (E.S.T.)
| | | | | | - J. Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (E.S.T.)
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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2
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Chowdhury T, Cressiot B, Parisi C, Smolyakov G, Thiébot B, Trichet L, Fernandes FM, Pelta J, Manivet P. Circulating Tumor Cells in Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics by Single-Molecule and Single-Cell Characterization. ACS Sens 2023; 8:406-426. [PMID: 36696289 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent an interesting source of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of cancer recurrence, yet while they are extensively studied in oncobiology research, their diagnostic utility has not yet been demonstrated and validated. Their scarcity in human biological fluids impedes the identification of dangerous CTC subpopulations that may promote metastatic dissemination. In this Perspective, we discuss promising techniques that could be used for the identification of these metastatic cells. We first describe methods for isolating patient-derived CTCs and then the use of 3D biomimetic matrixes in their amplification and analysis, followed by methods for further CTC analyses at the single-cell and single-molecule levels. Finally, we discuss how the elucidation of mechanical and morphological properties using techniques such as atomic force microscopy and molecular biomarker identification using nanopore-based detection could be combined in the future to provide patients and their healthcare providers with a more accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafsir Chowdhury
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Cleo Parisi
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Georges Smolyakov
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Léa Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francisco M Fernandes
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juan Pelta
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, LAMBE, 95000 Cergy, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Evry, CNRS, LAMBE, 91190 Evry, France
| | - Philippe Manivet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Biobank Lariboisière (BB-0033-00064), DMU BioGem, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
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3
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Drug susceptibility testing of circulating lung cancer cells for personalized treatment. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:1. [PMID: 36308571 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been proven to be correlated with disease progression and the patient's response to treatment. However, the culture of CTCs for clinical utility is still a big challenge. We have developed a short-term method that enables CTCs culture and provides an opportunity to monitor drug susceptibility testing in individual patients. In a proof-of-concept study, we established a unique method using Matrigel® coated in 96 well plate to enable cancer cell clusters to attach and proliferate. The culture method using Matrigel® provides in vitro conditions and improves the attachment and differentiation of anchorage-dependent epithelial cells proliferation and mimics the tumor microenvironment. We further treated the cells attached to Matrigel® with the same drug regimen as the patient has undergone. Around 30.7% of the CTCs were viable after the drug treatment. We also correlated the decrease in cell viability after drug treatment with the reduction in the pleural effusion of the patient as seen by the images obtained from CT scans pre-and post-treatment. Moreover, as per the RECIST criterion, the patient had exhibited a positive response to the treatment. The short-term culturing of CTC along with the drug susceptibility testing offers a novel method to predict patient response to the treatment and could be utilized for screening suitable drug combinations for personalized treatment.
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4
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Rupp B, Ball H, Wuchu F, Nagrath D, Nagrath S. Circulating tumor cells in precision medicine: challenges and opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:378-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Jain AP, Sambath J, Sathe G, George IA, Pandey A, Thompson EW, Kumar P. Pan-cancer quantitation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition dynamics using parallel reaction monitoring-based targeted proteomics approach. J Transl Med 2022; 20:84. [PMID: 35148768 PMCID: PMC8832824 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic and complex cellular process that is known to be hijacked by cancer cells to facilitate invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Several quantitative measures to assess the interplay between EMT and cancer progression are available, based on large scale genome and transcriptome data. However, these large scale multi-omics studies have repeatedly illustrated a lack of correlation in mRNA and protein abundances that may be influenced by diverse post-translational regulation. Hence, it is imperative to understand how changes in the EMT proteome are associated with the process of oncogenic transformation. To this effect, we developed a parallel reaction monitoring-based targeted proteomics method for quantifying abundances of EMT-associated proteins across cancer cell lines. Our study revealed that quantitative measurement of EMT proteome which enabled a more accurate assessment than transcriptomics data and revealed specific discrepancies against a backdrop of generally strong concordance between proteomic and transcriptomic data. We further demonstrated that changes in our EMT proteome panel might play a role in tumor transformation across cancer types. In future, this EMT panel assay has the potential to be used for clinical samples to guide treatment choices and to congregate functional information for the development and advancing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Janani Sambath
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Irene A George
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Centre for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia. .,School-Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India. .,Somaiya Institute of Research and Consultancy (SIRAC), Somaiya Vidyavihar University (SVU), Vidyavihar, Mumbai, 400077, Maharashtra, India.
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6
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Hu M, Li C, Wang Z, Ding P, Pei R, Wang Q, Xu H, Xing C. Development of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Dual Antibody Nanoparticles for the Highly Specific Capture and Gradual Release of Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:806238. [PMID: 35198544 PMCID: PMC8859420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.806238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been well-established as promising biomarkers that can be leveraged to gauge the prognosis of patients with cancers and to guide patient treatment efforts. Although the scarcity of CTCs within peripheral circulation and the associated phenotypic changes that they exhibit owing to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process make the reliable isolation of these cells very challenging. Recently, several studies have discussed platforms capable of mediating the efficient and sensitive isolation of CTCs, but these approaches are nonetheless subject to certain limitations that preclude their clinical application. For example, these platforms are poorly-suited to minimizing damage in the context of cellular capture and release or the in vitro culture of captured cells for subsequent molecular analyses, which would better enable clinicians to select appropriate precision treatments on an individualized basis. In this study, we report the layer-by-layer assembly approach to synthesize a novel composite nanomaterial consisting of modified zirconium-based metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) on the surface of magnetic beads with dual antibody surface modifications capable of capturing CTCs without being hampered by the state of cellular EMT process. Our analyses indicated that these dual antibody-modified nanomaterials exhibited greater capture efficiency than that observed for single antibody. Importantly, captured cells can be gradually released following capture and undergo subsequent in vitro proliferation following water molecule-induced MOF structural collapse. This release mechanism, which does not require operator intervention, may be effective as a means of minimizing damage and preserving cellular viability such that cells can be more reliably utilized for downstream molecular analyses and associated treatment planning. To further confirm the potential clinical applicability of the developed nanomaterial, it was successfully utilized for capturing CTCs from peripheral blood samples collected from cases diagnosed with gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pi Ding
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Pei, ; Hua Xu, ; Chungen Xing,
| | | | - Hua Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Pei, ; Hua Xu, ; Chungen Xing,
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Pei, ; Hua Xu, ; Chungen Xing,
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7
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Zhao B, Tang M, Lv Y. Shear stress regulates the migration of suspended breast cancer cells by nuclear lamina protein A/C and large tumor suppressor through yes-associated protein. Hum Cell 2022; 35:583-598. [PMID: 34984662 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is life threatening among women because its migration by hematogenous metastasis, where, besides biochemical cues, breast circulating tumor cells (CTCs) expose to suspension state and shear stress. However, the combined effects of these mechanical factors on CTCs migration were unclear. Here, suspension state and shear stress were loaded to breast tumor cells (BTCs) to mimic two mechanical cues in the mechanical environment of breast CTCs and the mechanobiological mechanism of suspension state and shear stress regulating the migration of (BTCs) was investigated. The migration and nuclear lamina protein A/C (Lamin A/C) accumulation were enhanced in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 BTCs exposed to shear stress though lower than that of suspended cells with different yes-associated protein (YAP) subcellular localization. Knockdown of LMNA downregulated and upregulated YAP targets in suspended BTCs and BTCs exposed to shear stress, respectively, which inhibited MDA-MB-231 BTCs migration in vitro and in vivo. Large tumor suppressor (LATS) responded to suspension state and shear stress, knockdown of which decreased the migration of MDA-MB-231 BTCs. These findings uncover the mechanobiological mechanism that suspension state and shear stress antagonistically promote BTCs migration by Lamin A/C and LATS through YAP and the potential for targeting YAP in CTCs prognosis. Shear stress regulates suspended breast cancer cells migration by Lamin A/C and LATS through YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Zhao
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Tang
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Jiangxia District, No. 1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan, 430200, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Hu M, Wang Z, Wu Z, Ding P, Pei R, Wang Q, Xing C. Circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:197-213. [PMID: 34802071 PMCID: PMC8770420 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA-199) have been prevalently used as biomarkers in various cancers, they are neither very sensitive nor highly specific. Repeated tissue biopsies at different times of the disease can be uncomfortable for cancer patients. Additionally, the existence of tumor heterogeneity and the results of local biopsy provide limited information about the overall tumor biology. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to look for reliable and noninvasive biomarkers of CRC. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which depart from a primary tumor, enter the bloodstream, and imitate metastasis, have a great potential for precision medicine in patients with CRC. Various efficient CTC isolation platforms have been developed to capture and identify CTCs. The count of CTCs, as well as their biological characteristics and genomic heterogeneity, can be used for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response in CRC. This study reviewed the existing CTC isolation techniques and their applications in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CRC. The study also presented their limitations and provided future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215228, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zeen Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pi Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215228, China.
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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9
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Balachander GM, Kotcherlakota R, Nayak B, Kedaria D, Rangarajan A, Chatterjee K. 3D Tumor Models for Breast Cancer: Whither We Are and What We Need. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3470-3486. [PMID: 34286955 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) models have led to a paradigm shift in disease modeling in vitro, particularly for cancer. The past decade has seen a phenomenal increase in the development of 3D models for various types of cancers with a focus on studying stemness, invasive behavior, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance of cancer cells, as well as contributions of its stroma, which has expanded our understanding of these processes. Cancer biology is moving into exploring the emerging hallmarks of cancer, such as inflammation, immune evasion, and reprogramming of energy metabolism. Studies into these emerging concepts have provided novel targets and treatment options such as antitumor immunotherapy. However, 3D models that can investigate the emerging hallmarks are few and underexplored. As commonly used immunocompromised mice and syngenic mice cannot accurately mimic human immunology, stromal interactions, and metabolism and require the use of prohibitively expensive humanized mice, there is tremendous scope to develop authentic 3D tumor models in these areas. Taking the specific case of breast cancer, we discuss the currently available 3D models, their applications to mimic signaling in cancer, tumor-stroma interactions, drug responses, and assessment of drug delivery systems and therapies. We discuss the lacunae in the development of 3D tumor models for the emerging hallmarks of cancer, for lesser-explored forms of breast cancer, and provide insights to develop such models. We discuss how the next generation of 3D models can provide a better mimic of human cancer modeling compared to xenograft models and the scope toward preclinical models and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Manohari Balachander
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Rajesh Kotcherlakota
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Biswadeep Nayak
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Dhaval Kedaria
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.,Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.,Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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10
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Hu X, Zang X, Lv Y. Detection of circulating tumor cells: Advances and critical concerns. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:422. [PMID: 33850563 PMCID: PMC8025150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and the major challenge in cancer treatment. Cancer cells in circulation are termed circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Primary tumor metastasis is likely due to CTCs released into the bloodstream. These CTCs extravasate and form fatal metastases in different organs. Analyses of CTCs are clarifying the biological understanding of metastatic cancers. These data are also helpful to monitor disease progression and to inform the development of personalized cancer treatment-based liquid biopsy. However, CTCs are a rare cell population with 1-10 CTCs per ml and are difficult to isolate from blood. Numerous approaches to detect CTCs have been developed based on the physical and biological properties of the cells. The present review summarizes the progress made in detecting CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Hu
- School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 22300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Yanguan Lv
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
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11
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Bocci F, Mandal S, Tejaswi T, Jolly MK. Investigating epithelial‐mesenchymal heterogeneity of tumors and circulating tumor cells with transcriptomic analysis and biophysical modeling. COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cso2.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bocci
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics Rice University Houston Texas USA
- NSF‐Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research University of California Irvine California USA
| | - Susmita Mandal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Tanishq Tejaswi
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India
- UG Programme Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India
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12
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Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121186. [PMID: 33291351 PMCID: PMC7762220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority of promising preclinical drugs have no or weak efficacy in real patients with tumors, thereby delaying the discovery of successful therapeutics. This is because 2D culture lacks cell–cell contacts and natural tumor microenvironment, important in tumor signaling and drug response, thereby resulting in a reduced malignant phenotype compared to the real tumor. In this sense, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells that better recapitulate in vivo cell environments emerged as scientifically accurate and low cost cancer models for preclinical screening and testing of new drug candidates before moving to expensive and time-consuming animal models. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of 3D tumor systems and highlight the strategies for spheroid construction and evaluation tools of targeted therapies, focusing on their applicability in cancer research. Examples of the applicability of 3D culture for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines are discussed.
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13
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Genna A, Vanwynsberghe AM, Villard AV, Pottier C, Ancel J, Polette M, Gilles C. EMT-Associated Heterogeneity in Circulating Tumor Cells: Sticky Friends on the Road to Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1632. [PMID: 32575608 PMCID: PMC7352430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) generate hybrid phenotypes with an enhanced ability to adapt to diverse microenvironments encountered during the metastatic spread. Accordingly, EMTs play a crucial role in the biology of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and contribute to their heterogeneity. Here, we review major EMT-driven properties that may help hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal CTCs to survive in the bloodstream and accomplish early phases of metastatic colonization. We then discuss how interrogating EMT in CTCs as a companion biomarker could help refine cancer patient management, further supporting the relevance of CTCs in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Genna
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Aline M. Vanwynsberghe
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Amélie V. Villard
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Charles Pottier
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Ancel
- CHU (Centre Hopitalier Universitaire) de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Service de Pneumologie, 51092 Reims, France;
- INSERM, UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France;
| | - Myriam Polette
- INSERM, UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France;
- CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire de Pathologie, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
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Insights into the Multi-Dimensional Dynamic Landscape of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity through Inter-Disciplinary Approaches. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061624. [PMID: 32471235 PMCID: PMC7356048 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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15
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Circulating tumor cell clusters and circulating tumor cell-derived explant models as a tool for treatment response. Biotechniques 2020; 69:362-363. [PMID: 32418441 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Prospects for Comprehensive Analyses of Circulating Tumor Cells in Tumor Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051135. [PMID: 32369927 PMCID: PMC7281475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive analysis of biological and clinical aspects of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has attracted interest as a means of enabling non-invasive, real-time monitoring of cancer patients and enhancing our fundamental understanding of tumor metastasis. However, CTC populations are extremely small when compared to other cell populations in the blood, limiting our comprehension of CTC biology and their clinical utility. Recently developed proteomic and genomic techniques that require only a small amount of sample have attracted much interest and expanded the potential utility of CTCs. Cancer heterogeneity, including specific mutations, greatly impacts disease diagnosis and the choice of available therapeutic strategies. The CTC population consists primarily of cancer stem cells, and CTC subpopulations are thought to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition during dissemination. To better characterize tumor cell populations, we demonstrated that changes in genomic profiles identified via next-generation sequencing of liquid biopsy samples could be expanded upon to increase sensitivity without decreasing specificity by using a combination of assays with CTCs and circulating tumor DNA. To enhance our understanding of CTC biology, we developed a metabolome analysis method applicable to single CTCs. Here, we review-omics studies related to CTC analysis and discuss various clinical and biological issues related to CTCs.
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