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Zhuang Y, Lin F, Xiang L, Cai Z, Wang F, Cui W. Prevented Cell Clusters' Migration Via Microdot Biomaterials for Inhibiting Scar Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312556. [PMID: 38563392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cluster-like collective cell migration of fibroblasts is one of the main factors of adhesion in injured tissues. In this research, a microdot biomaterial system is constructed using α-helical polypeptide nanoparticles and anti-inflammatory micelles, which are prepared by ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acids-N-carboxylic anhydrides (NCAs) and lactide, respectively. The microdot biomaterial system slowly releases functionalized polypeptides targeting mitochondria and promoting the influx of extracellular calcium ions under the inflammatory environment, thus inhibiting the expression of N-cadherin mediating cell-cell interaction, and promoting apoptosis of cluster fibroblasts, synergistically inhibiting the migration of fibroblast clusters at the site of tendon injury. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory micelles are celecoxib (Cex) solubilized by PEG/polyester, which can improve the inflammatory microenvironment at the injury site for a long time. In vitro, the microdot biomaterial system can effectively inhibit the migration of the cluster fibroblasts by inhibiting the expression of N-cadherin between cell-cell and promoting apoptosis. In vivo, the microdot biomaterial system can promote apoptosis while achieving long-acting anti-inflammation effects, and reduce the expression of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibroblasts. Thus, this microdot biomaterial system provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of tendon adhesion by inhibiting the cluster migration of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Alavi MS, Soheili V, Roohbakhsh A. The role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in phagocytosis: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176302. [PMID: 38154767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
When host cells are exposed to foreign particles, dead cells, or cell hazards, a sophisticated process called phagocytosis begins. During this process, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils engulf the target by expanding their membranes. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is called efferocytosis. This process is of significant importance as billions of cells are eliminated daily without provoking inflammation. Both phagocytosis and efferocytosis depend on Ca2+ signaling. A big family of Ca2+ permeable channels is transient receptor potentials (TRPs) divided into nine subfamilies. We aimed to review their roles in phagocytosis. The present review article shows that various TRP channels such as TRPV1, 2, 3, 4, TRPM2, 4, 7, 8, TRPML1, TRPA1, TRPC1, 3, 5, 6 have roles at various stages of phagocytosis. They are involved in the phagocytosis of amyloid β, α-synuclein, myelin debris, bacteria, and apoptotic cells. In particular, TRPC3 and TRPM7 contribute to efferocytosis. These effects are mediated by changing Ca2+ signaling or targeting intracellular enzymes such as Akt. In addition, they contribute to the chemotaxis of phagocytic cells towards targets. Although a limited number of studies have assessed the role of TRP channels in phagocytosis and efferocytosis, their findings indicate that they have critical roles in these processes. In some cases, their ablation completely abolished the phagocytic function of the cells. As a result, TRP channels are potential targets for developing new therapeutics that modulate phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Pharmaceutical Control Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Poznyak A, Kashirskikh D, Postnov A, Popov M, Sukhorukov V, Orekhov A. Sialic acid as the potential link between lipid metabolism and inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12972. [PMID: 38088673 PMCID: PMC10712282 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern world, cardiovascular diseases have a special place among the most common causes of death. Naturally, this widespread problem cannot escape the attention of scientists and researchers. One of the main conditions preceding the development of fatal cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis. Despite extensive research into its pathogenesis and possible prevention and treatment strategies, many gaps remain in our understanding of this disease. For example, the concept of multiple low-density lipoprotein modifications was recently stated, in which desialylation is of special importance. Apart from this, sialic acids are known to be important contributors to processes such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which in turn are major components of atherogenesis. In this review, we have collected information on sialic acid metabolism, analyzed various aspects of its implication in atherosclerosis at different stages, and provided an overview of the role of particular groups of enzymes responsible for sialic acid metabolism in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A.Y. Postnov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | - M.A. Popov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - V.N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | - A.N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
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Mohammad-Rafiei F, Moadab F, Mahmoudi A, Navashenaq JG, Gheibihayat SM. Efferocytosis: a double-edged sword in microbial immunity. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:370. [PMID: 37925389 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is characterized as the rapid and efficient process by which dying or dead cells are removed. This type of clearance is initiated via "find-me" signals, and then, carries on by "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" ones. Efferocytosis has a critical role to play in tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. However, some evidence suggests it as a double-edged sword in microbial immunity. In other words, some pathogens have degraded efferocytosis by employing efferocytic mechanisms to bypass innate immune detection and promote infection, despite the function of this process for the control and clearance of pathogens. In this review, the efferocytosis mechanisms from the recognition of dying cells to phagocytic engulfment are initially presented, and then, its diverse roles in inflammation and immunity are highlighted. In this case, much focus is also laid on some bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), Influenza A virus (IAV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Leishmania, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammad-Rafiei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moadab
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Napiórkowska-Baran K, Schmidt O, Szymczak B, Lubański J, Doligalska A, Bartuzi Z. Molecular Linkage between Immune System Disorders and Atherosclerosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8780-8815. [PMID: 37998729 PMCID: PMC10670175 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong relationship exists between immune dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Immune dysregulation can promote the development of cardiovascular diseases as well as exacerbate their course. The disorders may occur due to the presence of primary immune defects (currently known as inborn errors of immunity) and the more common secondary immune deficiencies. Secondary immune deficiencies can be caused by certain chronic conditions (such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, autoimmune diseases, or cancer), nutritional deficiencies (including both lack of nutrients and bioactive non-nutrient compounds), and medical treatments and addictive substances. This article unravels the molecular linkage between the aforementioned immune system disorders and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Oskar Schmidt
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (O.S.); (B.S.); (J.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szymczak
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (O.S.); (B.S.); (J.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Jakub Lubański
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (O.S.); (B.S.); (J.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Agata Doligalska
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (O.S.); (B.S.); (J.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Lu N, Zhu JF, Lv HF, Zhang HP, Wang PL, Yang JJ, Wang XW. Modulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-affected macrophage efferocytosis by mitochondrial calcium uniporter in a murine model. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:14-24. [PMID: 37689315 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efferocytosis dysfunction contributes to the progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Efferocytosis is crucially modulated by intracytoplasmic Ca2+, and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex proteins serve as key channels for regulating Ca2+ concentration. Therefore, it was speculated that MCU may affect the development of atherosclerosis (AS) by regulating efferocytosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether MCU could affect foam cell formation by regulating efferocytosis. METHODS We stimulated primary macrophages (Møs) using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to mimic the atherosclerotic microenvironment and treated them with Ru360, an MCU-specific inhibitor, and UNC1062, an inhibitor of efferocytosis. Additionally, we conducted double staining to determine the Mø efferocytosis rate. We measured the expression of MCU complexes and efferocytosis-associated proteins using western blotting (WB) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. In addition, we separately detected the Ca2+ level in the cytoplasm and mitochondria (MT) using Fluo-4 AM and Rhod-2 methods. We separately determined the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cytoplasm and MT using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probing method and Mito-SOXTM superoxide indicator staining. Additionally, we conducted the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Oil Red O staining was performed to measure cytoplasmic lipid levels. RESULTS Ru360 attenuated ox-LDL-induced efferocytosis dysfunction, and attenuated the upregulation of MCU and MCUR1 induced by ox-LDL, and meanwhile attenuated the downregulation of MCUb induced by ox-LDL. Ru360 attenuated the decrease of intracytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration induced by ox- LDL, Ru360 also attenuated the ROS production induced by ox- LDL, attenuated the release of IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced by ox- LDL, and attenuated the increase of intracytoplasmic lipid content induced by ox-LDL. UNC1062 attenuated the effects of Ru360 in reducing inflammatory cytokines and intracytoplasmic lipid content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that MCU inhibition modulated intracytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, improved impaired Mø efferocytosis, and reduced ROS generation. Macrophage efferocytosis removed apoptotic cells and prevented the release of inflammatory factor and foam cell formation, and this can be a potential new therapeutic target for alleviating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Jun-Fan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - He-Fan Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hai-Peng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng-le Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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He L, Palos-Jasso A, Yi Y, Qin M, Qiu L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yu J. Bioinformatic Analysis Revealed the Essential Regulatory Genes and Pathways of Early and Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaque in Humans. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243976. [PMID: 36552740 PMCID: PMC9776921 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a lipid-induced, chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease affecting multiple arteries. Although much effort has been put into AS research in the past decades, it is still the leading cause of death worldwide. The complex genetic network regulation underlying the pathogenesis of AS still needs further investigation to provide effective targeted therapy for AS. We performed a bioinformatic microarray data analysis at different atherosclerotic plaque stages from the Gene Expression Omnibus database with accession numbers GSE43292 and GSE28829. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we further confirmed the immune-related pathways that play an important role in the development of AS. We are reporting, for the first time, that the metabolism of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; propanoate, and butanoate) are involved in the progression of AS using microarray data of atherosclerotic plaque tissue. Immune and muscle system-related pathways were further confirmed as highly regulated pathways during the development of AS using gene expression pattern analysis. Furthermore, we also identified four modules mainly involved in histone modification, immune-related processes, macroautophagy, and B cell activation with modular differential connectivity in the dataset of GSE43292, and three modules related to immune-related processes, B cell activation, and nuclear division in the dataset of GSE28829 also display modular differential connectivity based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Finally, we identified eight key genes related to the pathways of immune and muscle system function as potential therapeutic biomarkers to distinguish patients with early or advanced stages in AS, and two of the eight genes were validated using the gene expression dataset from gene-deficient mice. The results of the current study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the progression of AS. The key genes and pathways identified could be potential biomarkers or new drug targets for AS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling He
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Andrea Palos-Jasso
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yao Yi
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Manman Qin
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Askari H, Savardashtaki A, Pirro M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Statin-regulated phagocytosis and efferocytosis in physiological and pathological conditions. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Tajbakhsh A, Yousefi F, Abedi SM, Rezaee M, Savardashtaki A, Teng Y, Sahebkar A. The cross-talk between soluble "Find me" and "Keep out" signals as an initial step in regulating efferocytosis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3113-3126. [PMID: 35578547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rapid clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs), known as efferocytosis, prompts the inhibition of inflammatory responses and autoimmunity and maintains homeostatic cell turnover by controlling the release of intracellular contents. The fast clearance of ACs requires professional and nonprofessional phagocytic cells that can accurately and promptly recognize ACs and migrate towards them. Cells undergoing apoptosis alarm their presence by releasing special soluble chemotactic factors, such as lactoferrin, that act as "Find me," "Keep out," or "Stay away" signals to recruit phagocytic cells, such as macrophages or prevent granulocyte migration. Efferocytosis effectively serves to prevent damage-associated molecular pattern release and secondary necrosis and inhibit inflammation/autoimmunity at the very first step. Since less attention has been given to the cross-talk and balance of "Find me" and "Keep out" signals released from ACs in efferocytosis, we set out to investigate the current knowledge of the roles of "Find me" and "Keep out" signals in the efferocytosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M Abedi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Depatment of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Jiang XX, Bian W, Zhu YR, Wang Z, Ye P, Gu Y, Zhang H, Zuo G, Li X, Zhu L, Liu Z, Sun C, Chen SL, Zhang DM. Targeting the KCa3.1 channel suppresses diabetes-associated atherosclerosis via the STAT3/CD36 axis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109776. [PMID: 35149165 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diet-induced arterial atherosclerosis, increased KCa3.1 channel was associated with atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability. Macrophages are involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and the release of inflammatory cytokines and oxygen free radicals promotes plaque progression. However, whether the macrophage KCa3.1 channel facilitates diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis is still unclear. This study investigated atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mice regulated by the KCa3.1 channel. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo, blocking KCa3.1channel inhibit the development of the atherosclerotic lesion in diabetic ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. In vitro, upregulation of KCa3.1 channel level occurred in RAW264.7 cells treated with HG plus ox-LDL in a time-dependent manner. Blocking KCa3.1 significantly reduced the uptake of ox-LDL in mice peritoneal macrophages. Further studies indicated the KCa3.1 siRNA and TRAM-34 (KCa3.1 inhibitor) attenuated the scavenger receptor CD36 expression via inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Blockade of macrophage KCa3.1 channel inhibit cellular oxidized low-density lipoprotein accumulation and decrease proinflammation factors expression via STAT3/CD36 axis. This study provided a novel therapeutic target to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Weikang Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Guangfeng Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China
| | - Chongxiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China.
| | - Dai-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 109 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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12
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Nuotio K, Koskinen SM, Mäkitie L, Tuimala J, Ijäs P, Heikkilä HM, Saksi J, Vikatmaa P, Sorto P, Kasari S, Paakkari I, Silvennoinen H, Valanne L, Mäyränpää MI, Soinne L, Kovanen PT, Lindsberg PJ. Warfarin Treatment Is Associated to Increased Internal Carotid Artery Calcification. Front Neurol 2021; 12:696244. [PMID: 34322086 PMCID: PMC8311519 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term treatment with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin is widely used for the prevention of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. However, vitamin K antagonists may promote arterial calcification, a phenomenon that has been previously studied in coronary and peripheral arteries, but not in extracranial carotid arteries. In this observational cohort study, we investigated whether warfarin treatment is associated with calcification of atherosclerotic carotid arteries. Methods: Overall, 500 consecutive patients underwent carotid endarterectomy, 82 of whom had received long-term warfarin therapy. The extent of calcification was assessed with preoperative computed tomography angiography, and both macroscopic morphological grading and microscopic histological examination of each excised carotid plaque were performed after carotid endarterectomy. Results: Compared with non-users, warfarin users had significantly more computed tomography angiography-detectable vascular calcification in the common carotid arteries (odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.51–4.63, P < 0.001) and even more calcification in the internal carotid arteries near the bifurcation (odds ratio 18.27, 95% confidence interval 2.53–2323, P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed that the intramural calcified area in plaques from warfarin users was significantly larger than in plaques from non-users (95% confidence interval 3.36–13.56, P = 0.0018). Conclusions: Long-lasting warfarin anticoagulation associated with increased calcification of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in locations known to be the predilection sites of stroke-causing plaques. The clinical significance of this novel finding warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Nuotio
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi M Koskinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Mäkitie
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Petra Ijäs
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Heikkilä
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saksi
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka Vikatmaa
- Abdominal Center, Vascular Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Sorto
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Kasari
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilari Paakkari
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Silvennoinen
- Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Valanne
- Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Pathology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Soinne
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu J Lindsberg
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi Hayat SM, Movahedpour A, Savardashtaki A, Loveless R, Barreto GE, Teng Y, Sahebkar A. The complex roles of efferocytosis in cancer development, metastasis, and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111776. [PMID: 34062411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When tumor cells are killed by targeted therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, they trigger their primary tumor by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microenvironmental interactions can also promote tumor heterogeneity and development. In this line, several immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, including macrophages, dendritic cells, regulatory T-cells, and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, are involved in the clearance of apoptotic tumor cells through a process called efferocytosis. Although the efficiency of apoptotic tumor cell efferocytosis is positive under physiological conditions, there are controversies regarding its usefulness in treatment-induced apoptotic tumor cells (ATCs). Efferocytosis can show the limitation of cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Since cytotoxic treatments lead to extensive cell mortality, efferocytosis, and macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype, the immune response may get involved in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Tumor cells can use the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic tumor cell efferocytosis to induce an immunosuppressive condition that is tumor-tolerant. Since M2 polarization and efferocytosis are tumor-promoting processes, the receptors on macrophages act as potential targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, researchers have shown that efferocytosis-related molecules/pathways are potential targets for cancer therapy. These include phosphatidylserine and calreticulin, Tyro3, Axl, and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), receptors of tyrosine kinase, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1, annexin V, CD47, TGF-β, IL-10, and macrophage phenotype switch are combined with conventional therapy, which can be more effective in cancer treatment. Thus, we set out to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of efferocytosis in treatment-induced apoptotic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Chen W, Li L, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang T, Wu Y, Wang S, Xing D. The ABCA1-efferocytosis axis: A new strategy to protect against atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:1-8. [PMID: 33741356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a disease process characterized by lipid accumulation and inflammation, is the main cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Efferocytosis involves the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Successful engulfment triggers the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines to suppress atherosclerosis. ABCA1 is a key mediator of cholesterol efflux to apoA-I for the generation of HDL-C in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Intriguingly, ABCA1 promotes not only cholesterol efflux but also efferocytosis. ABCA1 promotes efferocytosis by regulating the release of "find-me" ligands, including LPC, and the exposure, release, and expression of "eat-me" ligands, including PtdSer, ANXA1, ANXA5, MEGF10, and GULP1. ABCA1 has a pathway similar to TG2, which is an "eat-me" ligand. ABCA1 has the highest known homology to ABCA7, which controls efferocytosis as the engulfment and processing ligand. In addition, ABCA1 can form several regulatory feedback axes with ANXA1, MEGF10, GULP1, TNFα, and IL-6. Therefore, ABCA1 is the central factor that links cholesterol efflux and apoptotic cell clearance. Several drugs have been studied or approved for apoptotic cell clearance, such as CD47 antibody and PD1-/PD-L1 antibody. In this article, we review the role and mechanism of action of ABCA1 in efferocytosis and focus on new insights into the ABCA1-efferocytosis axis and its potential as a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Lu Li
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; School of Medical Imaging, Radiotherapy Department of Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Chen MF. The role of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:160-168. [PMID: 35465283 PMCID: PMC9020235 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that triggers severe thrombotic cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. In atherosclerotic processes, both macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential cell components in atheromata formation through proinflammatory cytokine secretion, defective efferocytosis, cell migration, and proliferation, primarily controlled by Ca2+-dependent signaling. Calmodulin (CaM), as a versatile Ca2+ sensor in diverse cell types, regulates a broad spectrum of Ca2+-dependent cell functions through the actions of downstream protein kinases. Thus, this review focuses on discussing how CaM and CaM-dependent kinases (CaMKs) regulate the functions of macrophages and VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development based on literature from open databases. A central theme in this review is a summary of the mechanisms and consequences underlying CaMK-mediated macrophage inflammation and apoptosis, which are the key processes in necrotic core formation in atherosclerosis. Another central theme is addressing the role of CaM and CaMK-dependent pathways in phenotypic modulation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs in atherosclerotic progression. A complete understanding of CaM and CaMK-controlled individual processes involving macrophages and VSMCs in atherogenesis might provide helpful information for developing potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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16
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Tajbakhsh A, Farahani N, Gheibihayat SM, Mirkhabbaz AM, Savardashtaki A, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autoantigen-specific immune tolerance in pathological and physiological cell death: Nanotechnology comes into view. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107177. [PMID: 33249046 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are tolerogenic and can present self-antigens in the absence of inflammation, to antigen-presenting cells by the process of efferocytosis, resulting in anergy and depletion of immune effector cells. This tolerance is essential to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Consequently, effective efferocytosis can result in the induction of immune tolerance mediated via triggering modulatory lymphocytes and anti-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, several distinct soluble factors, receptors and pathways have been found to be involved in the efferocytosis, which are able to regulate immune tolerance by lessening antigen presentation, inhibition of T-cell proliferation and induction of regulatory T-cells. Some newly developed nanotechnology-based approaches can induce antigen-specific immunological tolerance without any systemic immunosuppression. These strategies have been explored to reverse autoimmune responses induced against various protein antigens in different diseases. In this review, we describe some nanotechnology-based approaches for the maintenance of self-tolerance using the apoptotic cell clearance process (efferocytosis) that may be able to induce immune tolerance and treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran.
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17
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Wang L, Li H, Tang Y, Yao P. Potential Mechanisms and Effects of Efferocytosis in Atherosclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:585285. [PMID: 33597922 PMCID: PMC7883484 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.585285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main pathological basis for the development of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Abnormal accumulation of apoptotic and necrotic cells resulted in plaque enlargement, necrotic core formation and plaque rupture in AS. Under physiological conditions, apoptotic cells (ACs) could be effectively phagocytized and cleared by phagocyte-mediated efferocytosis. In contrast, the clearance efficiency of ACs in AS plaque was much lower because of the impaired efferocytosis in AS. Recent findings have made great progress on the molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis process and dynamic regulation, and its dysfunction on organismal health. Yet, there are still few effective treatments for this process. This article reviews the mechanism of efferocytosis and the role of efferocytosis in AS, highlighting a novel therapeutic strategy for AS, which mainly prevents the progression of plaque by targeting efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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