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Liu Z, Cheng L, Zhang L, Shen C, Wei S, Wang L, Qiu Y, Li C, Xiong Y, Zhang X. Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1329357. [PMID: 38389559 PMCID: PMC10881761 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1329357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a prevalent cognitive disorder among the elderly. Its pathological mechanism encompasses neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunction, vascular abnormalities, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, among others. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy. Current research indicates that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play a pivotal role in both the diagnosis and treatment of VD. Thus, this article delves into the recent advancements of MSC-EVs in VD, discussing the mechanisms by which EVs influence the pathophysiological processes of VD. These mechanisms form the theoretical foundation for their neuroprotective effect in VD treatment. Additionally, the article highlights the potential applications of EVs in VD diagnosis. In conclusion, MSC-EVs present a promising innovative treatment strategy for VD. With rigorous research and ongoing innovation, this concept can transition into practical clinical treatment, providing more effective options for VD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lushun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunxiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shufei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuemin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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Gao H, Di J, Yin M, He T, Wu D, Chen Z, Li S, He L, Rong L. Identification of chondrocyte subpopulations in osteoarthritis using single-cell sequencing analysis. Gene 2023; 852:147063. [PMID: 36427677 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease. Previous studies were focused on general functions of chondrocyte population in OA without elucidating the existence of chondrocyte subpopulations. To investigate the heterogeneity of chondrocyte, here we conducted detailed analysis on the single-cell sequencing data of cartilage cells from OA patients. After quality control, unsupervised K-mean clustering identified seven different subpopulations of chondrocytes in OA. Those subpopulations of chondrocytes were nominated based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis: stress-metabolizing chondrocytes (cluster 1), rhythmic chondrocytes (cluster 2), apoptotic chondrocytes (cluster 3), matrix-synthesis-related chondrocytes (cluster 4), developmental chondrocytes (cluster 5), protein-synthesis-related chondrocytes (cluster 6 and 8), and osteogenesis chondrocytes (cluster 7). We further noticed that the stress-metabolizing chondrocytes (cluster 1) were dominant in early stages of cartilage damage with increased metabolic levels inhibiting cartilage tissue degeneration, while the matrix-synthesis-related chondrocytes (cluster 4) were mainly existed in the late stages of cartilage damage which reorganized collagen fibers with type III collagen disrupting the extracellular matrix and further cartilage damages. Besides, we identified genes NFKBIA and TUBB2B as potential markers for the stress-metabolizing chondrocytes and the matrix synthesis related chondrocytes, respectively. Our study identifies different chondrocyte subpopulations in OA, and highlights the potential different functions of chondrocyte subpopulations in the early versus late stages of cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Di
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianwei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Depeng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 510630 Guangzhou, China.
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Potential of Fibrin Glue and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Regenerate Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020221. [PMID: 35053336 PMCID: PMC8773549 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising treatment to favor tissue healing through less invasive strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) highlighted as potential candidates due to their angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties, in addition to their ability to differentiate into several specialized cell lines. Cells can be carried through a biological delivery system, such as fibrin glue, which acts as a temporary matrix that favors cell-matrix interactions and allows local and paracrine functions of MSCs. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the potential of fibrin glue combined with MSCs in nerve regeneration. The bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase databases, using the descriptors ("fibrin sealant" OR "fibrin glue") AND "stem cells" AND "nerve regeneration", considering articles published until 2021. To compose this review, 13 in vivo studies were selected, according to the eligibility criteria. MSCs favored axonal regeneration, remyelination of nerve fibers, as well as promoted an increase in the number of myelinated fibers, myelin sheath thickness, number of axons and expression of growth factors, with significant improvement in motor function recovery. This systematic review showed clear evidence that fibrin glue combined with MSCs has the potential to regenerate nervous system lesions.
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Di Mattia M, Mauro A, Citeroni MR, Dufrusine B, Peserico A, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Dainese E, Cimini A, Barboni B. Insight into Hypoxia Stemness Control. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082161. [PMID: 34440930 PMCID: PMC8394199 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the research on stemness and multilineage differentiation mechanisms has greatly increased its value due to the potential therapeutic impact of stem cell-based approaches. Stem cells modulate their self-renewing and differentiation capacities in response to endogenous and/or extrinsic factors that can control stem cell fate. One key factor controlling stem cell phenotype is oxygen (O2). Several pieces of evidence demonstrated that the complexity of reproducing O2 physiological tensions and gradients in culture is responsible for defective stem cell behavior in vitro and after transplantation. This evidence is still worsened by considering that stem cells are conventionally incubated under non-physiological air O2 tension (21%). Therefore, the study of mechanisms and signaling activated at lower O2 tension, such as those existing under native microenvironments (referred to as hypoxia), represent an effective strategy to define if O2 is essential in preserving naïve stemness potential as well as in modulating their differentiation. Starting from this premise, the goal of the present review is to report the status of the art about the link existing between hypoxia and stemness providing insight into the factors/molecules involved, to design targeted strategies that, recapitulating naïve O2 signals, enable towards the therapeutic use of stem cell for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-1426-6888; Fax: +39-08-6126-6860
| | - Maria Rita Citeroni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
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Yan M, Fu LL, Nada OA, Chen LM, Gosau M, Smeets R, Feng HC, Friedrich RE. Evaluation of the Effects of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on the Biological Phenotype of Hypertrophic Keloid Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071803. [PMID: 34359971 PMCID: PMC8303871 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite numerous existing treatments for keloids, the responses in the clinic have been disappointing, due to either low efficacy or side effects. Numerous studies dealing with preclinical and clinical trials have been published about effective therapies for fibrotic diseases using mesenchymal stem cells; however, no research has yet been reported to scientifically investigate the effect of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) on the treatment of keloids. The objective is to provide an experimental basis for the application of stem cells in the treatment of keloids. METHODS Human normal fibroblasts (HNFs) and human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs) were cultured alone and in combination with HDPSCs using a transwell cell-contact-independent cell culture system. The effects of HDPSCs on HKFs were tested using a CCK-8 assay, live/dead staining assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS HDPSCs did not inhibit the proliferation nor the apoptosis of HKFs and HNFs. HDPSCs did, however, inhibit their migration. Furthermore, HDPSCs significantly decreased the expression of profibrotic genes (CTGF, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2) in HKFs and KNFs (p < 0.05), except for CTGF in HNFs. Moreover, HDPSCs suppressed the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in HKFs, as indicated by the decreased expression of collagen I as well as the low levels of hydroxyproline in the cell culture supernatant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The co-culture of HDPSCs inhibits the migration of HKFs and the expression of pro-fibrotic genes, while promoting the expression of anti-fibrotic genes. HDPSCs' co-culture also inhibits the synthesis of the extracellular matrix by HKFs, whereas it does not affect the proliferation and apoptosis of HKFs. Therefore, it can be concluded that HDPSCs can themselves be used as a tool for restraining/hindering the initiation or progression of fibrotic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (L.-L.F.); (O.A.N.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.E.F.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Ling-Ling Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (L.-L.F.); (O.A.N.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.E.F.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054000, China
| | - Ola A. Nada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (L.-L.F.); (O.A.N.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.E.F.)
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 050017, China;
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (L.-L.F.); (O.A.N.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.E.F.)
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (L.-L.F.); (O.A.N.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.E.F.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of “Regenerative Orofacial Medicine”, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hong-Chao Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 050017, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-8403-0259
| | - Reinhard E. Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (L.-L.F.); (O.A.N.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.E.F.)
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Zhu H, Wang K, Yang L, Xu Q, Ren F, Liu X. [ Yanghe Pingchuan granule promotes BMSCs homing in asthmatic rats by upregulating miR-139-5p and downregulating Notch1/Hes1 pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 40:1703-1711. [PMID: 33380402 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Yanghe Pingchuan (YHPC) granule on miR-139-5p, Notch1/Hes1 pathway and homing of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in asthmatic rats. METHODS Fifty SD rats were randomized divided into normal control (NC) group, asthmatic model group, BMSCs transplantation group, BMSCs + dexamethasone (0.0625 mg/kg daily) group, and BMSCs+YHPC granule (3.5 g/kg daily) group. In all but the normal control group, asthmatic rat models were established by ovalbumin challenge, and BMSCs (1×106/mL) transplantation via the tail vein was performed in the latter 3 groups on last day of ovalbumin challenge. In all the groups, lung pathologies of the rats were evaluated using HE staining after the treatments. Flow cytometry was employed to detect pulmonary expression of CXCR4 protein, and ELISA was used to determine the expressions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the lung tissue. The expressions of CXCR4, Notch1 and Hes1 in bronchial epithelial cells was examined using immunofluorescence assay. RT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of miR-139-5p, Notch1, Jagged1, RBP-J and Hes1 mRNAs, and the protein expressions of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the normal control rats, the asthmatic rats exhibited significantly increased expressions of CXCR4, IL-4, Notch1, Jagged1, RBP-J, and Hes1 mRNA and Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 proteins and lowered expressions of INF-γ mRNA and miR-139-5p in the lung tissues (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Compared with those in the asthmatic model group, the mRNA expressions of CXCR4, IFN-γ, and miR-139-5p increased and the expressions of IL-4, Notch1, Jagged1, RBP-J, and Hes1 mRNA and Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 proteins decreased significantly in the 3 groups with BMSCs transplantation (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The rats in BMSCs+YHPC granule group showed significantly higher CXCR4, IFN-γ, and miR-139-5p mRNA expressions and lower IL-4 and Notch1 mRNA expressions than those in BMSCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS YHPC granule can enhance the inhibitory effect of BMSCs homing on Th2 inflammatory response in asthmatic rats by up-regulating miR-139-5p and down-regulating Notch1/Hes1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qingwen Xu
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fengchun Ren
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
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