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Srivastava P, Felonis CR, Piers AD, Nunez N, Fitzpatrick B, Juarascio A, Manasse S. Reward mediates the association between engagement in noneating activities and state body dissatisfaction: An ecological momentary assessment study. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:562-573. [PMID: 36444116 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Momentary worsening (i.e., greater than one's average levels) of state body dissatisfaction (BD) has been implicated as a proximal risk factor for eating disorder (ED) behaviors in binge-spectrum EDs. Yet, research exploring the prospective association between noneating activities in daily life (e.g., chores, self-care/coping) and momentary state BD remains limited. Understanding the momentary link between engagement in noneating activities and state BD, and pathways through which engagement in said activities influences momentary state BD is critical to informing treatments. The current ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study examined whether (1) engagement in noneating activities at Time 1 prospectively predicted momentary state BD at Time 2 and (2) reward drawn from noneating activities at Time 1 mediates the prospective association between engagement in noneating activities at Time 1 and momentary state BD at Time 2. METHOD Sixty-six adults with transdiagnostic binge eating completed an EMA protocol over 7-14 days. Participants received six EMA signals per day (total EMA observations = 4038). Multilevel modeling was used to examine the research questions. RESULTS Engagement in an indoor hobby, outdoor recreation, socializing, and self-care/coping strategies prospectively predicted momentary state BD improvements, while using TV/social media and cooking prospectively predicted momentary state BD worsening. Reward drawn from engagement in these noneating activities mediated the associations. DISCUSSION If replicated, these findings suggest that increasing the frequency of certain noneating activities and enhancing their rewarding aspects to improve state BD and decrease ED behavior risk during treatment may be worthy of further exploration. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Momentary worsening of state body dissatisfaction (BD) is a risk factor for eating disorder behaviors in individuals with binge eating. This study found that engaging in certain noneating activities (e.g., socializing) prospectively predicted momentary improvements in state BD, while other noneating activities (e.g., cooking) predicted momentary worsening of state BD. Reward drawn from activities mediated these relations. To improve state BD, treatments should target the frequency of, and reward obtained from these noneating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paakhi Srivastava
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina R Felonis
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amani D Piers
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Nunez
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brighid Fitzpatrick
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adrienne Juarascio
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Manasse
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Portingale J, Eddy S, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Liu S, Giles S, Krug I. Tonight, I'm disordered eating: The effects of food delivery app use, loneliness, and mood on daily body dissatisfaction and disordered eating urges. Appetite 2023; 180:106310. [PMID: 36122621 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the recent proliferation of food delivery applications ('apps'; FDAs), accessing a meal is more convenient and immediate than ever. However, these apps may foster dysregulated eating behaviours, including maladaptive eating to cope with negative emotional states. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), the current study assessed whether FDA use at baseline predicted levels of EMA-assessed disordered eating urges and body dissatisfaction, whether negative mood and loneliness impacted disordered eating urges and body dissatisfaction at the state level, and whether the latter relationships were moderated by FDA usage frequency. Participants (N = 483; 78.7% women; 20.1% men; 1.2% other) completed a baseline questionnaire and were characterised as current FDA users (49.3%) or non-users (50.7%). Participants then completed a smartphone-facilitated investigation into their experiences of loneliness, negative mood, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating urges, six times per day for 7-days. Across the entire sample, current FDA users at baseline reported greater EMA-assessed urges to overeat. At the state level, loneliness and negative mood predicted greater body dissatisfaction, with the latter also predicting greater urges for restrictive eating and overeating. Among current FDA users at baseline, at the state level, loneliness predicted greater body dissatisfaction, and negative mood predicted greater body dissatisfaction and urges for overeating. No moderating effects were observed for baseline FDA usage frequency. These results elucidate FDA use and daily experiences of loneliness and negative mood as factors elevating eating disorder (ED)-related risk. Further extensions of this research with nuanced measures of state FDA use are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Portingale
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah Eddy
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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