1
|
Yakubu B, Appiah EM, Adu AF. Pangenome Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Selected Areas of Africa Indicated Diverse Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes. Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:5536117. [PMID: 38469580 PMCID: PMC10927345 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5536117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge facing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection management in some parts of Africa is the evolution of drug-resistant species, the lack of gold standard in diagnostic methods, and the ineffectiveness of current vaccines against the bacteria. It is being established that even though clinical consequences linked to the bacteria vary geographically, there is rather a generic approach to treatment. This situation has remained problematic in the successful fight against the bacteria in parts of Africa. As a result, this study compared the genomes of selected H. pylori isolates from selected areas of Africa and evaluated their virulence and antibiotic drug resistance, those that are highly pathogenic and are associated with specific clinical outcomes and those that are less virulent and rarely associated with clinical outcomes. 146 genomes of H. pylori isolated from selected locations of Africa were sampled, and bioinformatic tools such as Abricate, CARD RGI, MLST, Prokka, Roary, Phandango, Google Sheets, and iTOLS were used to compare the isolates and their antibiotic resistance or susceptibility. Over 20 k virulence and AMR genes were observed. About 95% of the isolates were genetically diverse, 90% of the isolates harbored shell genes, and 50% harbored cloud and core genes. Some isolates did not retain the cagA and vacA genes. Clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and tinidazole were resistant to most AMR genes (vacA, cagA, oip, and bab). Conclusion. This study found both virulence and AMR genes in all H. pylori strains in all the selected geographies around Africa with differing quantities. MLST, Pangenome, and ORF analyses showed disparities among the isolates. This in general could imply diversities in terms of genetics, evolution, and protein production. Therefore, generic administration of antibiotics such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin as treatment methods in the African subregion could be contributing to the spread of the bacterium's antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biigba Yakubu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edwin Moses Appiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Andrews Frimpong Adu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaman T, Haq A, Ahmad R, Sinha S, Chowdhury K, Parvin S, Imran M, Humayra ZU, Kumar S, Haque M. The Role of Probiotics in the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Overall Impact on Management of Peptic Ulcer: A Study Involving Patients Undergoing Triple Therapy in Bangladesh. Cureus 2024; 16:e56283. [PMID: 38495972 PMCID: PMC10944298 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection has been identified to cause constantly recurring inflammation, leading to gastrointestinal tract disorders, including carcinoma. The standard triple therapy (STT), used to eradicate H. pylori, includes two antimicrobials and a proton pump inhibitor for two weeks. Other drug regimens have also been developed since H. pylori exhibits antimicrobial resistance. These regimens, including probiotics, have been shown to lower adverse drug reactions (ADR), improve drug adherence, exert bacteriostatic effect, and reduce inflammation. Objective This study intended to explore probiotic intervention for improving eradication rates and mitigating adverse effects while administrating STT. Methods This prospective study was conducted from May to December, 2021, in the Department of Gastroenterology of Ship International Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, to observe the effects of probiotics inclusion along with STT on H. pylori eradication. A total of 100 patients aged ≥18 years who tested positive for H. pylori were included. The experimental group (n=50) was given STT and probiotics, and the control group (n=50) was given only STT without probiotics for 14 days. Necessary follow-up was done six weeks after treatment. An independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Result The odds of getting rapid urease test (RUT) negative results from positive were 2.06 times higher (95%CI= 0.95, 3.22, p=0.054) in the experimental group. ADRs were crucially towering in the control group (p=0.045) compared to the probiotics group. The probiotics group had a lower risk of having adverse effects by 0.54 times (95%CI=0.19, 0.84, p=0.032) than the control group. Conclusion Using probiotics and STT together to eradicate H. pylori may lower ADR and improve treatment adherence. It may also help terminate H. pylori infection more effectively. More research is required as H. pylori is very contagious and can ultimately cause life-threatening gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taslima Zaman
- Department of Gastroenterology, United Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Ahsanul Haq
- Department of Biostatistics, RNA Biotech Limited, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women & Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sultana Parvin
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute & Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mostofa Imran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ibn Sina Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Zaman U Humayra
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ship International Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fischbach W, Bornschein J, Hoffmann JC, Koletzko S, Link A, Macke L, Malfertheiner P, Schütte K, Selgrad DM, Suerbaum S, Schulz C. Update S2k-Guideline Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal ulcer disease of the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:261-321. [PMID: 38364851 DOI: 10.1055/a-2181-2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit John, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg C Hoffmann
- Medizinische Klinik I, St. Marien- und St. Annastiftskrankenhaus, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, LMU-Klinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alexander Link
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Lukas Macke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Schütte
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Marienhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - Dieter-Michael Selgrad
- Medizinische Klinik Gastroenterologie und Onkologie, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, Fürstenfeldbruck, Deutschland
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 1, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Universität Munich, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Munich, Deutschland
- Nationales Referenzzentrum Helicobacter pylori, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie Helicobacter
pylori und gastroduodenale Ulkuskrankheit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – Juli 2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 021–001. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:544-606. [PMID: 37146633 DOI: 10.1055/a-1975-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
|
5
|
Kubota D, Takahashi Y, Yamamichi N, Matsui M, Shimamoto T, Minatsuki C, Nakagawa H, Mizutani S, Tsuji Y, Sakaguchi Y, Tamura N, Yakabi S, Ohki D, Mizutani H, Niimi K, Wada R, Fujishiro M. Analysis of Barrett's Esophagus and Its Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of 10,122 Subjects at a Japanese Health Examination Center. Digestion 2022; 103:411-420. [PMID: 36075194 PMCID: PMC9808710 DOI: 10.1159/000526154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori eradication is expected to significantly change the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, few reports on this relationship exist. We analyzed the risk factors of BE using the current consensus on length of BE considering H. pylori infection status. METHODS We analyzed 10,122 individuals (5,962 men; mean age = 52.9 ± 9.9 years) who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy as part of a medical checkup. Correlations among factors including H. pylori infectious status, endoscopic findings, and BE ≥1 cm were analyzed. RESULTS Prevalence of BE, long-segment BE, and esophageal adenocarcinoma was 22.5%, 0.014%, and 0%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for BE were hiatal hernia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.89 [2.59-3.24]), female sex (OR: 0.52 [0.46-0.59]), social drinking (OR:0.77 [0.68-0.87]), H. pylori eradication therapy (OR: 1.34 [1.19-1.51]), proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR: 1.52 [1.18-1.96]), bile reflux (OR: 1.18 [1.04-1.33]), age ≥50 years (OR: 1.13 [1.02-1.26]), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (OR: 1.29 [1.02-1.62]). Although reflux esophagitis (RE) was more common in H. pylori-negative patients (17.2%) than in those after H. pylori eradication therapy (11.8%, p < 0.00001), the latter was correlated with BE, disputing RE as a strong risk factor for BE. Therefore, we conducted a subgroup analysis; most of the risk factors except for PPI use (p = 0.75), H2-receptor antagonist use (p = 0.078), and atrophic gastritis absence (p = 0.72) were positively correlated with BE after H. pylori eradication therapy compared with H. pylori-negative status. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori eradication, bile reflux, PPI use, and NSAID use were risk factors for BE along with hiatal hernia, male sex, and older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,*Yu Takahashi,
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chihiro Minatsuki
- Infection Control and Prevention Service, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yakabi
- Center for International Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ohki
- Infection Control and Prevention Service, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Niimi
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murata M, Sugimoto M, Miyamoto S, Kawai T. Long-term improvement in constipation-related symptoms after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12863. [PMID: 34791741 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy effectively improves the abnormal bowel habits and abdominal symptoms of patients for a few months post-treatment (PT). However, it is unclear whether the improvement in abnormal bowel habits and symptoms continues long term. Here, we investigated the association of successful H. pylori eradication therapy with improvements in abdominal symptoms in the short- and long-term PT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the severity of constipation-related abdominal symptoms in 287 H. pylori-positive patients who underwent eradication therapy at pre-treatment and 2 and 12 months PT using two measures: the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Izumo scale. RESULTS In patients with constipation at pre-treatment, constipation-related symptom scores in the GSRS improved significantly from 7.91 ± 3.15 at pre-treatment to 6.07 ± 2.75 at 2 months PT (p < 0.01) and 6.85 ± 3.46 at 12 months PT (p = 0.04). Patients with improved symptom scores at 2 months PT also experienced an improvement at 12 months PT. In contrast, patients who did not experience an improvement in constipation-related symptoms at 2 months PT likewise did not experience an improvement at 12 months PT. CONCLUSIONS Patients who experience an improvement at 2 months PT with H. pylori eradication therapy continue to experience improved symptoms in the long term. Therefore, H. pylori -positive patients with abnormal bowel habits should be recommended eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer development and to alleviate abnormal bowel habits and abdominal symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsushige Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saito E, Yano T, Hori M, Yoneoka D, Matsuda T, Chen Y, Katanoda K. Is young‐onset esophageal adenocarcinoma increasing in Japan? An analysis of population‐based cancer registries. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1347-1356. [PMID: 35077026 PMCID: PMC8894695 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center Chuo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Megumi Hori
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center Chuo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoneoka
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Graduate School of Public Health St. Luke’s International University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuda
- National Cancer Registry Section Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center Chuo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yichi Chen
- Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center Chuo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hojo M, Ueda K, Takeda T, Akazawa Y, Ueyama H, Shimada Y, Asaoka D, Nagahara A. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and reflux esophagitis and the long-term effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on reflux esophagitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211059942. [PMID: 34917172 PMCID: PMC8669870 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211059942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether the incidence of reflux esophagitis (RE) increases after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is controversial. Few reports have evaluated the presence or absence of RE after a long period of time, taking into account the degree of atrophy and/or administration of acid secretion inhibitors. We investigated the relationship between H. pylori and RE taking into account these factors. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study with approval by the Ethics Committee. Patients who succeeded in H. pylori eradication treatment, and in whom there were images of the gastroesophageal junction on endoscopic examinations within 1 year before eradication treatment and more than 3 years after eradication were included. The degrees of RE and atrophy were retrospectively determined from the endoscopic images. The prevalence of RE before and after eradication and the incidence of newly developed RE after eradication between patients with or without atrophy improvement were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A total of 185 cases (male:female = 104:81; mean age, 63.5 years; mean observation period, 6.4 years) were examined. The prevalence of RE before and after eradication was 1.6% (3/185) and 7.0% (13/185), respectively (P = 0.019). RE was present in 8 (7.5%) of 106 cases with closed-type atrophy and in 5 (6.3%) of 79 cases with open-type atrophy after eradication (P = 0.75). Atrophy improved after eradication in 56 cases, of whom 4 (7.1%) had new onset of RE; the degree of atrophy did not improve in 126 cases, of whom 7 (5.4%) had new onset of RE (P = 0.74). There was no difference between the percentage of cases who took acid secretion inhibitors before and after eradication (P = 0.14). CONCLUSION The prevalence of RE increased a long time after eradication, even in patients who were taking an acid secretion inhibitor. The prevalence of RE was not related to the degree of atrophy or change in atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumiko Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ueyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang T, Liu F, Liu L, Zhang Z, Dong W, Bai S, Ma L, Kang L. Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Oral Microbiota of Reflux Esophagitis Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:732613. [PMID: 34604113 PMCID: PMC8482873 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.732613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and reflux esophagitis, we collected 86 saliva samples from reflux esophagitis patients (RE group) and 106 saliva samples from healthy people (C group) for a high-throughput sequencing comparison. No difference in alpha diversity was detected between the RE and the C groups, but beta diversity of the RE group was higher than the C group. Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the RE group, whereas Firmicutes was more abundant in the C group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated that the biomarkers of the RE group were Prevotella, Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Actinomyces, and the biomarkers of the C group were Lautropia, Gemella, Rothia, and Streptococcus. The oral microbial network structure of the C group was more complex than that of the RE group. Second, to explore the effect of Hp on the oral microbiota of RE patients, we performed the 14C-urea breath test on 45 of the 86 RE patients. We compared the oral microbiota of 33 Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpp group) and 12 non-Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpn group). No difference in alpha diversity was observed between the REHpn and REHpp groups, and beta diversity of the REHpp group was significantly lower than that of the REHpn group. The biomarkers in the REHpp group were Veillonella, Haemophilus, Selenomonas, Megasphaera, Oribacterium, Butyrivibrio, and Campylobacter; and the biomarker in the REHpn group was Stomatobaculum. Megasphaera was positively correlated with Veillonella in the microbial network of the REHpp group. The main finding of this study is that RE disturbs the human oral microbiota, such as increased beta diversity. Hp infection may inhibit this disorderly trend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenxue Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Su Bai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silvan JM, Gutierrez-Docio A, Guerrero-Hurtado E, Domingo-Serrano L, Blanco-Suarez A, Prodanov M, Alarcon-Cavero T, Martinez-Rodriguez AJ. Pre-Treatment with Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060943. [PMID: 34208004 PMCID: PMC8230724 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a pathogenic bacteria identified as a potential risk factor for gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. During the stomach colonization, H. pylori triggers a strong inflammatory response and subsequent oxidative stress, which are associated with tissue damage. For this reason, it is of particular interest to develop alternative natural tools that enable modulation of the associated damaging immune response. With this purpose, we obtained grape seed extract (GSE) from sweet (not fermented) food grade seeds. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of GSE and its two enriched procyanidins fractions (OPC and PPC) on the inflammatory process and oxidative stress produced by different H. pylori strains in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. IL-8 production was significantly reduced in H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelial cells pre-treated with GSE or its enriched fractions when compared with non-pre-treated infected cells (from 21.6% to 87.8%). Pre-treatment with GSE or its fractions significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AGS cells after infection, depending on the H. pylori strain. Our results also showed that GSE and its fractions demonstrate antibacterial activity against all strains of H. pylori used in the study. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of GSE enriched in procyanidins against the main events associated with H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Silvan
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (A.J.M.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-001-7900 (ext. 802) (J.M.S.); +34-91-001-7964 (A.J.M.-R.)
| | - Alba Gutierrez-Docio
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (E.G.-H.); (M.P.)
| | - Esperanza Guerrero-Hurtado
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (E.G.-H.); (M.P.)
| | - Lucia Domingo-Serrano
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Blanco-Suarez
- Microbiology Department, Sanitaria Princesa Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (T.A.-C.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (E.G.-H.); (M.P.)
| | - Teresa Alarcon-Cavero
- Microbiology Department, Sanitaria Princesa Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (T.A.-C.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (A.J.M.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-001-7900 (ext. 802) (J.M.S.); +34-91-001-7964 (A.J.M.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Katsurahara M, Imoto I, Umeda Y, Miura H, Tsuboi J, Yamada R, Yasuma T, Nakamura M, Hamada Y, Inoue H, Tanaka K, Horiki N, Gabazza EC, Takei Y. Increased Reflux Esophagitis after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy in Cases Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081779. [PMID: 33917861 PMCID: PMC8068244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis is controversial. This study investigated the frequency of reflux esophagitis before and after H. pylori eradication in patients having endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer. METHODS This study included 160 patients that fulfilled the study's criteria. Endoscopy was performed before and after H. pylori eradication, and reflux esophagitis was evaluated during the follow-up period. RESULTS Seropositivity for H. pylori in patients with early gastric cancer was 68.8%, 101 of them received eradication therapy. During the follow-up period, the incidence of reflux esophagitis increased from 3.1% to 18.8% in the successful eradication group but no case of reflux esophagitis was observed in the failed eradication group. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant correlation between successful H. pylori eradication rate and the development of reflux esophagitis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a successful H. pylori eradication therapy is a risk factor for newly developed reflux esophagitis in patients with endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Katsurahara
- Department of Endoscopic Medicine, Mie University and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (M.K.); (K.T.); (N.H.)
| | - Ichiro Imoto
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Doshinkai Tohyama Hospital, Minami-Shinmachi 17-22, Tsu, Mie 514-0043, Japan;
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Junya Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Reiko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Misaki Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuhiko Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kyosuke Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopic Medicine, Mie University and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (M.K.); (K.T.); (N.H.)
| | - Noriyuki Horiki
- Department of Endoscopic Medicine, Mie University and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (M.K.); (K.T.); (N.H.)
| | - Esteban C. Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-231-5037 (ext. 6375)
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (Y.U.); (H.M.); (J.T.); (R.Y.); (M.N.); (Y.H.); (H.I.); (Y.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Risk of Reflux-Related Symptoms and Reflux Esophagitis after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in the Japanese Population. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071434. [PMID: 33916067 PMCID: PMC8037794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: A meta-analysis of reports primarily from Western countries showed no association between Helicobacter pylori eradication and reflux esophagitis development. The risk of reflux esophagitis may differ among different populations based on H. pylori virulence factors and acid secretion ability. We evaluated the prevalence rates of reflux esophagitis in H.-pylori-positive Japanese subjects and assessed risk factors for reflux esophagitis after eradication. Methods: Among 148 H.-pylori-positive subjects who underwent H. pylori eradication from August 2015 to December 2019, we evaluated the prevalence of reflux esophagitis on endoscopy at 12 months after eradication success and the severity of reflux-related symptoms by the F-scale questionnaire at 2 months after treatment and 12 months after eradication success. Results: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in H.-pylori-positive patients at entry was 2.0% (3/148). At 12 months after eradication success, the prevalence was 10.8% (16/148) (p < 0.01). In the F scale, the median total score before treatment was 4 (range: 0–49), which significantly decreased to 2 (range: 0–22) (p < 0.01) at 2 months after treatment and 3 (range: 0–23) (p < 0.01) at 12 months after eradication success. Following multivariate analysis, the pretreatment total F-scale score was a risk factor for the development of reflux esophagitis (odds ratio: 1.069, 95% confidence interval: 1.003–1.139, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In this H.-pylori-positive Japanese population, eradication therapy was associated with reflux esophagitis in around 10% of patients, particularly in those with severe reflux-related symptoms at baseline. Reflux-related symptoms may improve throughout the 12 months after successful eradication therapy, irrespective of the development of reflux esophagitis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Quach DT, Pham QTT, Tran TLT, Vu NTH, Le QD, Nguyen DTN, Dang NLB, Le HM, Le NQ. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Vietnamese patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. JGH OPEN 2021; 5:580-584. [PMID: 34013058 PMCID: PMC8114995 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim The risk factors associated with the increase in prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are not consistent across countries and there have been few studies in Asia in the past 10 years. This study was conducted to assess the features and risk factors of GERD in Vietnamese patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1947 out-patients ≥18 years of age who were presented with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Reflux esophagitis was graded according to the Los Angeles classification. Endoscopically suspected Barrett's esophagus (BE) was recorded according to the Prague C and M criteria and biopsy was taken for histologic examination. Results There were 511 (26.2%) patients with GERD, 242 (47.4%) with nonerosive reflux disease, and 269 (52.6%) with reflux esophagitis and/or BE. Epigastric pain, regurgitation, and heartburn were the chief complaints in 36.8%, 27.0%, and 9.2% of patients, respectively. Most of the patients with mucosal injury had reflux esophagitis in mild grade and BE in the form of C0M ≤2 (99.6%, 231/232 and 97.8%, 46/47, respectively). In multivariate analysis, hiatal hernia, male gender, waist-to-hip ratio (independent from general obesity), and smoking were risk factors for GERD while Helicobacter pylori infection was negatively associated with GERD. Conclusions The majority of GERD patients had none or mild mucosal injury. Typical reflux symptoms, however, may not be the chief complaints. Central obesity would be more important than general obesity as a risk factor, while H. pylori infection was a "protective" factor for GERD in Vietnamese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duc T Quach
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.,Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.,Department of Gastroenterology Gia-Dinh's People Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Quyen T T Pham
- Department of Gastroenterology Cho-Ray Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Truc L T Tran
- Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Nhu T H Vu
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.,Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Quang D Le
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.,Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.,Department of Gastroenterology Gia-Dinh's People Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Doan T N Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.,Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Ngoc L B Dang
- Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Huy M Le
- Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.,Department of Surgical Pathology University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Nhan Q Le
- Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and regurgitation or GERD-specific complications and affects approximately 20% of the adult population in high-income countries. OBSERVATIONS GERD can influence patients' health-related quality of life and is associated with an increased risk of esophagitis, esophageal strictures, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Obesity, tobacco smoking, and genetic predisposition increase the risk of developing GERD. Typical GERD symptoms are often sufficient to determine the diagnosis, but less common symptoms and signs, such as dysphagia and chronic cough, may occur. Patients with typical GERD symptoms can be medicated empirically with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Among patients who do not respond to such treatment or if the diagnosis is unclear, endoscopy, esophageal manometry, and esophageal pH monitoring are recommended. Patients with GERD symptoms combined with warning symptoms of malignancy (eg, dysphagia, weight loss, bleeding) and those with other main risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma, such as older age, male sex, and obesity, should undergo endoscopy. Lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery are the main treatment options for GERD. Weight loss and smoking cessation are often useful. Medication with a PPI is the most common treatment, and after initial full-dose therapy, which usually is omeprazole 20 mg once daily, the aim is to use the lowest effective dose. Observational studies have suggested several adverse effects after long-term PPI, but these findings need to be confirmed before influencing clinical decision making. Surgery with laparoscopic fundoplication is an invasive treatment alternative in select patients after thorough and objective assessments, particularly if they are young and healthy. Endoscopic and less invasive surgical techniques are emerging, which may reduce the use of long-term PPI and fundoplication, but the long-term safety and efficacy remain to be scientifically established. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The clinical management of GERD influences the lives of many individuals and is responsible for substantial consumption of health care and societal resources. Treatments include lifestyle modification, PPI medication, and laparoscopic fundoplication. New endoscopic and less invasive surgical procedures are evolving. PPI use remains the dominant treatment, but long-term therapy requires follow-up and reevaluation for potential adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Maret-Ouda
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research Sormland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|