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Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek I, Kułak-Bejda A, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Waszkiewicz N, Cwalina U, Nesterowicz M, Stasiūnienė J, Szajda SD, Chojnowska S, Szeremeta M. Activity of exoglycosidases in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor in individuals who died from ethyl alcohol poisoning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22739. [PMID: 39349484 PMCID: PMC11442469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal exoglycosidases, namely α-mannosidase (MAN), α-fucosidase (FUC), β-galactosidase (GAL), and β-glucuronidase (GLU), are of crucial importance in breaking down the oligosaccharide chains of multiple glycoconjugates. Those enzymes liberate monosaccharides from non-reducing ends of oligosaccharide chains. In this study, we have aimed to assess the potential utility of MAN, FUC, GAL, and GLU activities as indicators of ethanol abuse in individuals who died from ethanol intoxication, while also investigating the mechanisms underlying their deaths. The study group comprised 22 fatal ethanol-intoxicated individuals, while the control group included 30 deceased individuals whose body fluids showed no traces of alcohol. We measured the activities (pKat/mL) of MAN, FUC, GAL, and GLU in the supernatants of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid as well as vitreous humor. The results indicated significantly lower activities of MAN (p = 0.003), FUC (p = 0.008), GAL (p = 0.014), and GLU (p = 0.004) in the urine of individuals poisoned by ethanol as compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significantly lower activity of MAN in the vitreous of those affected by ethyl alcohol poisoning (p = 0.016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Niemcunowicz-Janica
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272, Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Cwalina
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jurgita Stasiūnienė
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio G. 21, 03101, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sławomir Dariusz Szajda
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chojnowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, Akademicka 14, 18-400, Łomża, Poland
| | - Michał Szeremeta
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
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Rujitharanawong C, Yoodee S, Sueksakit K, Peerapen P, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, Thongboonkerd V. Systematic comparisons of various markers for mast cell activation in RBL-2H3 cells. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:413-428. [PMID: 36125550 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03687-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell activation plays a key role in various allergic diseases and anaphylaxis. Several methods/techniques can be used for detection of mast cell activation. However, there was no previous systematic evaluation to compare the efficacy of each method/technique. The present study thus systematically compared various markers for mast cell activation induced by IgE cross-linking. The widely used RBL-2H3 mast cells were sensitized with anti-DNP (dinitrophenyl) IgE overnight and activated with DNP-BSA (bovine serum albumin) for up to 4 h. The untreated cells and those with anti-DNP IgE sensitization but without DNP-BSA activation served as the controls. Intracellular calcium level gradually increased to ~2-fold at 1 h, reached its peak (~5-fold) at 2 h, and returned to the basal level at 3-h post-activation. The increases in cellular tryptase level (by Western blotting) (~0.3- to 0.4-fold) and average cell size (~2.5-fold) and decrease of nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (~0.4- to 0.5-fold) were marginal at all time-points. By contrast, β-hexosaminidase release and CD63 expression (by both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence detection/localization), secreted tryptase level (by Western blotting), and tryptase expression (by immunofluorescence detection/localization) stably and obviously increased (~10-fold as compared with the untreated control and sensitized-only cells or detectable only after activation). Based on these data, the stably obvious increases (by ≥ 10-fold) in β-hexosaminidase release, CD63 expression (by both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining), secreted tryptase level (by Western blotting), and tryptase expression (by immunofluorescence staining) are recommended as the markers of choice for the in vitro study of mast cell activation using RBL-2H3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuda Rujitharanawong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Sueksakit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Papapit Tuchinda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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