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Bhardwaj K, Singh K, Jaiswal A. Plasmonic gold dogbone nanorattles sniff out trace molecules through surface enhanced Raman scattering. Analyst 2023; 148:5279-5290. [PMID: 37743715 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly sensitive and efficient surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate was developed using Au dogbone nanorattles (Au-DBNRTs) deposited on a 3D wrinkled polymeric heat shrink film. The plasmonic structures of Au-DBNRTs, which possess a solid gold dogbone-shaped core and a thin, porous gold shell, and Au nanorod nanorattles (Au-NRNRTs), which have a rod-shaped core, were synthesized and their SERS performance was evaluated. Au-DBNRTs exhibited better Raman signal enhancement. The substrate was used to detect the pesticide thiabendazole with a limit of detection of up to 10-8 M. The unique optical properties and geometry of the Au-DBNRT nanoparticles, which have portruding corners in the vicinity of the metal shell, along with the shrinkage of the film after heat treatment, led to the creation of a 3D surface morphology, resulting in the generation of plasmonic electromagnetic hot spots. The fabricated substrate achieved an enhancement factor of 2.77 × 1010 for BDT, and the detection limit was 10-13 M. The current work offers a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive SERS substrate design that has great potential for sensing and detecting trace analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bhardwaj
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India.
| | - Khushal Singh
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India.
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India.
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Bhardwaj K, Jaiswal A. Plasmonic 3-D wrinkled polymeric shrink film-based SERS substrates for pesticide detection on real-world surfaces. Analyst 2023; 148:562-572. [PMID: 36562631 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The continuous and excessive use of agrochemicals for crop improvement and protection has raised widespread concern, as they exert adverse effects on human health and the local environment. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) provides a method for the quick identification and detection of such hazardous substances in a short amount of time due to its properties of being robust, accurate, sensitive and non-destructive. Despite the fact that several SERS substrates have been developed, the bulk of them are ineffective in terms of sample collection or providing reproducible results. In this study, we showed that a 3-D wrinkled polymeric heat-shrink film coated with Au bead@Ag nanorods (silver nanorods) serves as a potential SERS substrate for trace analysis. The surface of the heat-shrink film became wrinkled after heating, and this, along with the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles, significantly enhances the Raman signal of the analytes. The fabricated SERS substrate was able to sense two model analytes 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) and 2-naphthalenethiol (NT) up to 10-13 M and 10-11 M concentrations. The fabricated substrate was also effective in sensing thiram down to 10-13 M concentration. Additionally, the SERS substrate was applied in a real-world setting for the detection of the pesticide thiram spiked onto apple skin surfaces. To collect the thiram residues, the substrate was simply swabbed across the surface of the apple. This allowed for the detection of thiram at concentrations as low as 10-9 M (1 ppb). The fabricated SERS substrate can thus detect analytes in an efficient, sensitive, dependable and accurate manner, allowing for the sensing of trace analytes like pesticides in a real-world environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bhardwaj
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Pincode: 175075, India.
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Pincode: 175075, India.
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Sansone ND, Razzaz Z, Salari M, Tuccitto AV, Aguiar R, Leroux M, Lee PC. Tailoring Multifunctional and Lightweight Hierarchical Hybrid Graphene Nanoplatelet and Glass Fiber Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40232-40246. [PMID: 36000496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hybrid polypropylene (PP)-based composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) and glass fiber (GF) were fabricated by injection molding to elucidate how the hybrid approach can produce synergistic effects capable of achieving properties and functionalities not possible in biphasic composites. Synergism between the reinforcements translated to improved mechanical performance, which was attributed to the chemically and/or electrostatically assembled hierarchical structure that facilitates load transfer at the interface while simultaneously tailoring the crystalline microstructure of the matrix by inducing transcrystallization and β-crystal formation. It was demonstrated that there exists an optimal concentration of 0.5 wt % GnP, producing the greatest mechanical properties and synergistic effect, corresponding to the highest degree of crystallinity (∼6% greater than Neat PP) and peak formation of β-crystals within the PP matrix. The greatest synergistic effect was found to be ∼52 and ∼39% for the specific tensile strength and flexural strength, respectively. The same optimal concentration of GnPs was found to produce the highest synergistic effect for thermal conductivity of ∼68% due to the volume exclusion effect induced by the GFs combined with the higher crystallinity of the microstructure, promoting the formation of thermally conductive pathways. Ultimately, the mechanisms contributing to the synergistic effect presented in this work can be used to maximize the performance of hybrid composite systems, giving them the potential to be tailored for a variety of high-performance industrial applications to meet the rising demands for ultra-strong, thermally conductive, and lightweight materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nello D Sansone
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Zahir Razzaz
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
- Axiom Group Inc., 115 Mary Street, Aurora L4G 1G3, Canada
| | - Meysam Salari
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Anthony V Tuccitto
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Rafaela Aguiar
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Matthew Leroux
- Axiom Group Inc., 115 Mary Street, Aurora L4G 1G3, Canada
| | - Patrick C Lee
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
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Effect of Wood Fiber Loading on the Chemical and Thermo-Rheological Properties of Unrecycled and Recycled Wood-Polymer Composites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel wood fiber (WF)-polypropylene composites were developed using the extrusion process with a twin-screw extruder. The influence of different mass addition of WF to unrecycled polypropylene (PP) and recycled PP (R-PP) on the chemical, thermal and rheological properties of the processed WF-PP and WF-R-PP composites was investigated. For this purpose, the chemical surface structure of the composites was followed with ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy), while the thermal properties of the WF-PP composites were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the crystalline structure of the composites was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Finally, the rheology of the materials was also studied. It was observed that a stronger particle formation at high additional concentrations was observed in the case of recycled PP material. The addition of WF over 20% by weight increased the crystallinity as a result of the incorporation and reorganization of the WF and also their reinforcing effect. The addition of WF to pure PP had an influence on the crystallization process, which due to the new β phase and γ phase PP formation showed an increased degree of crystallinity of the composites and led to a polymorphic structure of the composites WF-PP. From the rheological test, we can conclude that the addition of WF changed the rheological behavior of the material, as WF hindered the movement of the polymeric material. At lower concentrations, the change was less pronounced, although we observed more drastic changes in the material behavior at concentrations high enough that WF could form a 3D network (percolation point about 20%).
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