Biogenic Preparation, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Chitosan Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanocomposite

Phytofabrication of biocompatible chitosan-based ZnO nanocomposite aided by Cissus quadrangularis extract enriched with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential

A dynamic chitosan-based ZnO nanocomposite (NC) was fabricated via a cost-effective formulation and an eco-friendly procedure utilizing Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) plant extract. This study investigates the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, together with the cytocompatibility aspects of chitosan-incorporated ZnO nanocomposite (CS-ZnO/CQE). The formation and structural morphology of the nanocomposites were examined using FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, XPS, BET, TGA, SEM, and TEM techniques. The antibacterial test results demonstrated the greatest inhibitory zone diameter against S. aureus (19 ± 1.00 mm) and E. coli (17 ± 1.05 mm), assessed through agar well diffusion method. Also, the composite exhibited a DPPH inhibition rate of 78.7 ± 0.34 %, indicating its high effectiveness in neutralizing free radicals. In addition, the nanocomposite exhibited less toxicity towards human erythrocytes, HDF and HEK-293 cells as a result of the biocompatibility exhibited by CS, ZnO, and CQ plant extract. Likewise, it has exceptional cell migratory capacity and possesses biodegradability factors. These observations strongly suggest the potential of CS-ZnO/CQE as a cutting-edge antibacterial and antioxidant agent to be implemented in the medical sector.

Green synthesis of chitosan/silver nanocomposite using kaempferol for triple negative breast cancer therapy and antibacterial activity

The synthesis of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles is a growing field of area due to their long-term uses in the development of new technologies. The present study describes the synthesis of chitosan/silver nanocomposite using kaempferol for anticancer and bactericidal activity. The formation of Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite was confirmed by the development of a brown color and UV-absorbance around 438 nm. The IR study was utilized to determine the existence of Kf and CS in the synthesized nanocomposite. TEM analysis demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposite have a predominantly uniform spherical shape and size ranges 7-10 nm. EDX spectrum showed the existence of Ag, C, and N elements in the nanocomposite material. Further, Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite exhibited potential in vitro inhibitory property against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and their IC50 values was found to be 53 μg/mL. Moreover, fluorescent assays such as DAPI and AO/EtBr confirmed the apoptosis induction ability of Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite in MDA-MB-231 cells. The synthesized Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite showed significant and dose-depended antibacterial property against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Thus, the obtained findings demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposite can be potentially used to improve human health as biocidal nanocomposite in biomedical sectors.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial and Anti-Lung Cancer Applications

In the treatment of bacterial contamination, the problem of multi-drug resistance is becoming an increasingly pressing concern. Nanotechnology advancements enable the preparation of metal nanoparticles that can be assembled into complex systems to control bacterial and tumor cell growth. The current work investigates the green production of chitosan functionalized silver nanoparticles (CS/Ag NPs) using Sida acuta and their inhibition efficacy against bacterial pathogens and lung cancer cells (A549). Initially, a brown color formation confirmed the synthesis, and the chemical nature of the synthesized NPs were examined by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR demonstrated the occurrence of CS and S. acuta functional groups in the synthesized CS/Ag NPs. The electron microscopy study exhibited CS/Ag NPs with a spherical morphology and size ranges of 6-45 nm, while XRD analysis demonstrated the crystallinity of Ag NPs. Further, the bacterial inhibition property of CS/Ag NPs was examined against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, which showed clear inhibition zones at different concentrations. In addition, the antibacterial properties were further confirmed by a fluorescent AO/EtBr staining technique. Furthermore, prepared CS/Ag NPs exhibited a potential anti-cancer character against a human lung cancer cell line (A549). In conclusion, our findings revealed that the produced CS/Ag NPs could be used as an excellent inhibitory material in industrial and clinical sectors.

Magnetic nanocomposites for biomedical applications

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have solved numerous problems related to the repair and regeneration of damaged organs and tissues arising from aging, illnesses, and injuries. Nanotechnology has further aided tissue regeneration science and has provided outstanding opportunities to help disease diagnosis as well as treat damaged tissues. Based on the most recent findings, magnetic nanostructures (MNSs), in particular, have emerged as promising materials for detecting, directing, and supporting tissue regeneration. There have been many reports concerning the role of these nano-building blocks in the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues, but the subject has not been extensively reviewed. Here, we review, classify, and discuss various synthesis strategies for novel MNSs used in medicine. Advanced applications of magnetic nanocomposites (MG-NCs), specifically magnetic nanostructures, are further systematically reviewed. In addition, the scientific and technical aspects of MG-NC used in medicine are discussed considering the requirements for the field. In summary, this review highlights the numerous opportunities and challenges associated with the use of MG-NCs as smart nanocomposites (NCs) in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.