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Xu W, Yu F, Addison O, Zhang B, Guan F, Zhang R, Hou B, Sand W. Microbial corrosion of metallic biomaterials in the oral environment. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:22-36. [PMID: 38942189 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of microorganisms have been closely linked to metal corrosion in the form of adherent surface biofilms. Biofilms allow the development and maintenance of locally corrosive environments and/or permit direct corrosion including pitting corrosion. The presence of numerous genetically distinct microorganisms in the oral environment poses a threat to the integrity and durability of the surface of metallic prostheses and implants used in routine dentistry. However, the association between oral microorganisms and specific corrosion mechanisms is not clear. It is of practical importance to understand how microbial corrosion occurs and the associated risks to metallic materials in the oral environment. This knowledge is also important for researchers and clinicians who are increasingly concerned about the biological activity of the released corrosion products. Accordingly, the main goal was to comprehensively review the current literature regarding oral microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) including characteristics of biofilms and of the oral environment, MIC mechanisms, corrosion behavior in the presence of oral microorganisms and potentially mitigating technologies. Findings included that oral MIC has been ascribed mostly to aggressive metabolites secreted during microbial metabolism (metabolite-mediated MIC). However, from a thermodynamic point of view, extracellular electron transfer mechanisms (EET-MIC) through pili or electron transfer compounds cannot be ruled out. Various MIC mitigating methods have been demonstrated to be effective in short term, but long term evaluations are necessary before clinical applications can be considered. Currently most in-vitro studies fail to simulate the complexity of intraoral physiological conditions which may either reduce or exacerbate corrosion risk, which must be addressed in future studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A thorough analysis on literature regarding oral MIC (microbiologically influenced corrosion) of biomedical metallic materials has been carried out, including characteristics of oral environment, MIC mechanisms, corrosion behaviors in the presence of typical oral microorganisms and potential mitigating methods (materials design and surface design). There is currently a lack of mechanistic understanding of oral MIC which is very important not only to corrosion researchers but also to dentists and clinicians. This paper discusses the significance of biofilms from a biocorrosion perspective and summarizes several aspects of MIC mechanisms which could be caused by oral microorganisms. Oral MIC has been closely associated with not only the materials research but also the dental/clinical research fields in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral Clinical Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Baorong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Biofilm Centre, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Maher N, Mahmood A, Fareed MA, Kumar N, Rokaya D, Zafar MS. An updated review and recent advancements in carbon-based bioactive coatings for dental implant applications. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00300-X. [PMID: 39033875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface coating of dental implants with a bioactive biomaterial is one of the distinguished approaches to improve the osseointegration potential, antibacterial properties, durability, and clinical success rate of dental implants. Carbon-based bioactive coatings, a unique class of biomaterial that possesses excellent mechanical properties, high chemical and thermal stability, osteoconductivity, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, have been utilized successfully for this purpose. AIM This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the structure, properties, coating techniques, and application of the various carbon-based coatings for dental implant applicationswith a particular focuson Carbon-based nanomaterial (CNMs), which is an advanced class of biomaterials. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Available articles on carbon coatings for dental implants were reviewed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar resources. Carbon-based coatings are non-cytotoxic, highly biocompatible, chemically inert, and osteoconductive, which allows the bone cells to come into close contact with the implant surface and prevents bacterial attachment and growth. Current research and advancements are now more focused on carbon-based nanomaterial (CNMs), as this emerging class of biomaterial possesses the advantage of both nanotechnology and carbon and aligns closely with ideal coating material characteristics. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, and its derivatives have received the most attention for dental implant coating. Various coating techniques are available for carbon-based materials, chosen according to substrate type, application requirements, and desired coating thickness. Vapor deposition technique, plasma spraying, laser deposition, and thermal spraying techniques are most commonly employed to coat the carbon structures on the implant surface. Longer duration trials and monitoring are required to ascertain the role of carbon-based bioactive coating for dental implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrah Maher
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Anum Mahmood
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amber Fareed
- Clinical Sciences Department College of Dentistry Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawwarrah 41311, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates; School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
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La Via F, Alquier D, Giannazzo F, Kimoto T, Neudeck P, Ou H, Roncaglia A, Saddow SE, Tudisco S. Emerging SiC Applications beyond Power Electronic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1200. [PMID: 37374785 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several new applications of SiC (both 4H and 3C polytypes) have been proposed in different papers. In this review, several of these emerging applications have been reported to show the development status, the main problems to be solved and the outlooks for these new devices. The use of SiC for high temperature applications in space, high temperature CMOS, high radiation hard detectors, new optical devices, high frequency MEMS, new devices with integrated 2D materials and biosensors have been extensively reviewed in this paper. The development of these new applications, at least for the 4H-SiC ones, has been favored by the strong improvement in SiC technology and in the material quality and price, due to the increasing market for power devices. However, at the same time, these new applications need the development of new processes and the improvement of material properties (high temperature packages, channel mobility and threshold voltage instability improvement, thick epitaxial layers, low defects, long carrier lifetime, low epitaxial doping). Instead, in the case of 3C-SiC applications, several new projects have developed material processes to obtain more performing MEMS, photonics and biomedical devices. Despite the good performance of these devices and the potential market, the further development of the material and of the specific processes and the lack of several SiC foundries for these applications are limiting further development in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Alquier
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, 37071 Tours, France
| | | | - Tsunenobu Kimoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Philip Neudeck
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA
| | - Haiyan Ou
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 343, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Stephen E Saddow
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Fosca M, Streza A, Antoniac IV, Vadalà G, Rau JV. Ion-Doped Calcium Phosphate-Based Coatings with Antibacterial Properties. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050250. [PMID: 37233360 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion-substituted calcium phosphate (CP) coatings have been extensively studied as promising materials for biomedical implants due to their ability to enhance biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and bone formation. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the art in ion-doped CP-based coatings for orthopaedic and dental implant applications. Specifically, this review evaluates the effects of ion addition on the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of CP coatings. The review also identifies the contribution and additional effects (in a separate or a synergistic way) of different components used together with ion-doped CP for advanced composite coatings. In the final part, the effects of antibacterial coatings on specific bacteria strains are reported. The present review could be of interest to researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals involved in the development and application of CP coatings for orthopaedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandru Streza
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian V Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Bahrami R, Pourhajibagher M, Badiei A, Masaeli R, Tanbakuchi B. Evaluation of the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles: An in vitro study. Korean J Orthod 2023; 53:16-25. [PMID: 36696956 PMCID: PMC9877365 DOI: 10.4041/kjod22.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-Ag and nano-ZnO, respectively). Methods In this experimental study, 30 orthodontic bands were divided into three groups (n = 10 each): control (uncoated band), Ag (silver-coated band), and ZnO (zinc oxide-coated band). The electrostatic spray-assisted vapor deposition method was used to coat orthodontic bands with nano-Ag or nano-ZnO. The biofilm inhibition test was used to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of nano-Ag and nano-ZnO against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Candida albicans. Biocompatibility tests were conducted using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The groups were compared using oneway analysis of variance with a post-hoc test. Results The Ag group showed a significantly higher reduction in the number of L. acidophilus, C. albicans, and S. mutans colonies than the ZnO group (p = 0.015, 0.003, and 0.005, respectively). Compared with the control group, the Ag group showed a 2-log10 reduction in all the microorganisms' replication ability, but only S. mutants showed a 2-log10 reduction in replication ability in the ZnO group. The lowest mean cell viability was observed in the Ag group, but the difference between the groups was insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Coating orthodontic bands with nano-ZnO or nano-Ag induced antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens. Among the nanoparticles, nano-Ag showed the best antimicrobial activity and nano-ZnO showed the highest biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Bahrami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Masaeli
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Tanbakuchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Behrad Tanbakuchi. Assistance professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, Tehran 14883935, Iran., Tel +982142794000 e-mail
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Effect of Silicon Carbide Coating on Osteoblast Mineralization of Anodized Titanium Surfaces. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040247. [PMID: 36412888 PMCID: PMC9680417 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the titanium nanotube diameter and the effect of silicon carbide (SiC) coating on the proliferation and mineralization of pre-osteoblasts on titanium nanostructured surfaces. Anodized titanium sheets with nanotube diameters of 50 and 100 nm were used. The following four groups were tested in the study: (1) non-coated 50 nm nanotubes; (2) SiC-coated 50 nm titanium nanotubes; (3) non-coated 100 nm nanotubes and (4) SiC-coated 100 nm nanotubes. The biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of pre-osteoblasts were evaluated using a CellTiter-BlueCell Viability assay after 1, 2, and 3 days. After 3 days, cells attached to the surface were observed by SEM. Pre-osteoblast mineralization was determined using Alizarin-Red staining solution after 21 days of cultivation. Data were analyzed by a Kruskal−Wallis test at a p-value of 0.05. The results evidenced biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity of both 50 and 100 nm diameter coated and non-coated surfaces after 1, 2 and 3 days. The statistical analysis indicates a statistically significant higher cell growth at 3 days (p < 0.05). SEM images after 3 days demonstrated flattened-shaped cells without any noticeable difference in the phenotypes between different diameters or surface treatments. After 21 days of induced osteogenic differentiation, the statistical analysis indicates significantly higher osteoblast calcification on coated groups of both diameters when compared with non-coated groups (p < 0.05). Based on these results, we can conclude that the titanium nanotube diameter did not play any role on cell viability or mineralization of pre-osteoblasts on SiC-coated or non-coated titanium nanotube sheets. The SiC coating demonstrated biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity and contributed to an increase in osteoblast mineralization on titanium nanostructured surfaces when compared to non-coated groups.
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Kermanshah H, Ahmadi E, Rafeie N, Rafizadeh S, Ranjbar Omrani L. Vickers micro-hardness study of the effect of fluoride mouthwash on two types of CAD/CAM ceramic materials erosion. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:101. [PMID: 35354455 PMCID: PMC8969233 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of fluoride mouthwash on the surface micro-hardness of two types of CAD/CAM ceramics after exposure to acidic solutions. METHODS 40 samples (5 × 5 × 3 mm3) were prepared from two different ceramics: Vitabloc Mark II CAD, and IPS e.max CAD. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups in each ceramic (n = 8) immersed in different solutions: Gs: saliva: GGA: gastric acid, GAA: acetic acid, GFGA: sodium fluoride + gastric acid, GFAA: sodium fluoride + acetic acid. The microhardness of samples was measured before and after immersion in different solutions by Vickers microhardness tester. By subtracting the microhardness values after and before immersion, the microhardness changes of the samples were obtained. Data were analyzed by Two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Immersion in different solutions reduced the microhardness. Microhardness loss was significantly affected in G FAA and G FGA groups in both types of ceramics (P < 0.05). For Vitabloc Mark II groups, the microhardness loss was significantly higher in GFAA and GFGA compared to IPS e.max CAD P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Fluoride mouthwash in conjunction with acidic solutions may adversely affect microhardness of Vitabloc Mark II CAD, and IPS e.max CAD that may consequently compromise the clinical service. Vitabloc Mark II CAD was significantly more affected than IPS e.max CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Kermanshah
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niyousha Rafeie
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Rafizadeh
- School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar, Tehran, 14174, Iran.
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Saddow SE. Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:346. [PMID: 35334637 PMCID: PMC8949526 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a highly robust semiconductor material that has the potential to revolutionize implantable medical devices for human healthcare, such as biosensors and neuro-implants, to enable advanced biomedical therapeutic applications for humans. SiC is both bio and hemocompatible, and is already commercially used for long-term human in vivo applications ranging from heart stent coatings and dental implants to short-term diagnostic applications involving neural implants and sensors. One challenge facing the medical community today is the lack of biocompatible materials which are inherently smart or, in other words, capable of electronic functionality. Such devices are currently implemented using silicon technology, which either has to be hermetically sealed so it does not directly interact with biological tissue or has a short lifetime due to instabilities in vivo. Long-term, permanently implanted devices such as glucose sensors, neural interfaces, smart bone and organ implants, etc., require a more robust material that does not degrade over time and is not recognized and rejected as a foreign object by the inflammatory response. SiC has displayed these exceptional material properties, which opens up a whole new host of applications and allows for the development of many advanced biomedical devices never before possible for long-term use in vivo. This paper is a review of the state-of-the art and discusses cutting-edge device applications where SiC medical devices are poised to translate to the commercial marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Saddow
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; ; Tel.: +1-813-974-4773
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Akdoğan E, Şirin HT. Plasma surface modification strategies for the preparation of antibacterial biomaterials: A review of the recent literature. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112474. [PMID: 34857260 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-based strategies offer several advantages for developing antibacterial biomaterials and can be used directly or combined with other surface modification techniques. Direct plasma strategies can be classified as plasma surface modifications that derive antibacterial property by tailoring surface topography or surface chemistry. Nano patterns induced by plasma modification can exhibit antibacterial property and promote the adhesion and proliferation of mammalian cells, creating antibacterial and biocompatible surfaces. Antibacterial effect by tailoring surface chemistry via plasma can be attained by either creating bacteriostatic surfaces or bactericidal surfaces. Plasma-assisted strategies incorporate plasma processes in combination with other surface modification techniques. Plasma coating can serve as a drug-eluting reservoir and diffusion barrier. The plasma-functionalized surface can serve as a platform for grafting antibacterial agents, and plasma surface activation can improve the adhesion of polymeric layers with antibacterial properties. This article critically reviews plasma-based strategies reported in the recent literature for the development of antibacterial biomaterial surfaces. Studies using both atmospheric and low-pressure plasmas are included in this review. The findings are discussed in terms of the trends in material and precursor selection, modification stability, antibacterial efficacy, the choice of bacterial strains tested, cell culture findings, critical aspects of in vitro performance testing and in vivo experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Akdoğan
- Department of Chemistry, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, 06900 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hasret Tolga Şirin
- Department of Chemistry, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, 06900 Ankara, Turkey
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Surface Modification to Modulate Microbial Biofilms-Applications in Dental Medicine. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226994. [PMID: 34832390 PMCID: PMC8625127 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in materials science and nanotechnology has led to the development of advanced materials with multifunctional properties. Dental medicine has benefited from the design of such materials and coatings in providing patients with tailored implants and improved materials for restorative and functional use. Such materials and coatings allow for better acceptance by the host body, promote successful implantation and determine a reduced inflammatory response after contact with the materials. Since numerous dental pathologies are influenced by the presence and activity of some pathogenic microorganisms, novel materials are needed to overcome this challenge as well. This paper aimed to reveal and discuss the most recent and innovative progress made in the field of materials surface modification in terms of microbial attachment inhibition and biofilm formation, with a direct impact on dental medicine.
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Hsu SM, Fares C, Xia X, Rasel MAJ, Ketter J, Afonso Camargo SE, Haque MA, Ren F, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. In Vitro Corrosion of SiC-Coated Anodized Ti Nano-Tubular Surfaces. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:52. [PMID: 34564201 PMCID: PMC8482235 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis leads to implant failure and decreases long-term survival and success rates of implant-supported prostheses. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex but implant corrosion is believed to be one of the many factors which contributes to progression of this disease. A nanostructured titanium dioxide layer was introduced using anodization to improve the functionality of dental implants. In the present study, we evaluated the corrosion performance of silicon carbide (SiC) on anodized titanium dioxide nanotubes (ATO) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). This was investigated through a potentiodynamic polarization test and bacterial incubation for 30 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze surface morphologies of non-coated and SiC-coated nanotubes. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used to analyze the surface composition. In conclusion, SiC-coated ATO exhibited improved corrosion resistance and holds promise as an implant coating material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Hsu
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.-M.H.); (S.E.A.C.)
| | - Chaker Fares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.F.); (X.X.); (F.R.)
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.F.); (X.X.); (F.R.)
| | - Md Abu Jafar Rasel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (M.A.J.R.); (M.A.H.)
| | | | - Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.-M.H.); (S.E.A.C.)
| | - Md Amanul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (M.A.J.R.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.F.); (X.X.); (F.R.)
| | - Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.-M.H.); (S.E.A.C.)
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Camargo SEA, Roy T, Xia X, Fares C, Hsu SM, Ren F, Clark AE, Neal D, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Novel Coatings to Minimize Corrosion of Titanium in Oral Biofilm. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020342. [PMID: 33445481 PMCID: PMC7827847 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the effects produced by polymicrobial biofilm (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius) on the corrosion behavior of titanium dental implants. Pure titanium disks were polished and coated with titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon carbide (SiC) along with their quarternized versions. Next, the disks were cultivated in culture medium (BHI) with P. gingivalis, S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius and incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 30 days. Titanium corrosion was evaluated through surface observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, the Ti release in the medium was evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). SEM images showed that coated Ti disks exhibited lower corrosion compared to non-coated disks, except for the quartenized TiN. This was confirmed by AFM, where the roughness was higher in non-coated Ti disks. ICP showed that Ti levels were low in all coating disks. These results indicate that these SiC and TiN-based coatings could be a useful tool to reduce surface corrosion on titanium implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (X.X.); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Chaker Fares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (X.X.); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Shu-Min Hsu
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (X.X.); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Arthur E. Clark
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Dan Neal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-6928
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Hydroxyapatite Formation on Coated Titanium Implants Submerged in Simulated Body Fluid. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245593. [PMID: 33302431 PMCID: PMC7762543 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium implants are commonly used in the field of dentistry for prosthetics such as crowns, bridges, and dentures. For successful therapy, an implant must bind to the surrounding bone in a process known as osseointegration. The objective for this ongoing study is to determine the potential of different implant surface coatings in providing the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA). The coatings include titanium nitride (TiN), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and quaternized titanium nitride (QTiN). The controls were a sodium hydroxide treated group, which functioned as a positive control, and an uncoated titanium group. Each coated disc was submerged in simulated body fluid (SBF), replenished every 48 h, over a period of 28 days. Each coating successfully developed a layer of HA, which was calculated through mass comparisons and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis x-rays (EDX). Among these coatings, the quaternized titanium nitride coating seemed to have a better yield of HA. Further studies to expand the data concerning this experiment are underway.
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Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040083. [PMID: 33238380 PMCID: PMC7711960 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Demonstration of a SiC Protective Coating for Titanium Implants. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153321. [PMID: 32722625 PMCID: PMC7435394 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To mitigate the corrosion of titanium implants and improve implant longevity, we investigated the capability to coat titanium implants with SiC and determined if the coating could remain intact after simulated implant placement. Titanium disks and titanium implants were coated with SiC using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and were examined for interface quality, chemical composition, and coating robustness. SiC-coated titanium implants were torqued into a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block to simulate clinical implant placement followed by energy dispersive spectroscopy to determine if the coating remained intact. After torquing, the atomic concentration of the detectable elements (silicon, carbon, oxygen, titanium, and aluminum) remained relatively unchanged, with the variation staying within the detection limits of the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) tool. In conclusion, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiC was shown to conformably coat titanium implant surfaces and remain intact after torquing the coated implants into a material with a similar hardness to human bone mass.
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Camargo SEA, Roy T, Carey IV PH, Fares C, Ren F, Clark AE, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Novel Coatings to Minimize Bacterial Adhesion and Promote Osteoblast Activity for Titanium Implants. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020042. [PMID: 32560139 PMCID: PMC7353544 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon carbide (SiC) adhesion properties to biofilm and the proliferation of human osteoblasts were studied. Quaternized titanium nitride (QTiN) was produced by converting the surface nitrogen on TiN to a positive charge through a quaternization process to further improve the antibacterial efficiency. The SiC required a nitridation within the plasma chamber of the surface layer before quaternization could be carried out to produce quaternized SiC (QSiC). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the reference strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis for 4 h by fluorescence microscopy using a live/dead viability kit. All the coatings exhibited a lower biofilm coverage compared to the uncoated samples (Ti—85.2%; TiN—24.22%; QTiN—11.4%; SiC—9.1%; QSiC—9.74%). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the reduction in P. gingivalis bacteria on the SiC and TiN-coated groups. After 24 h of osteoblast cultivation on the samples, the cell adhesion was observed on all the coated and uncoated groups. Fluorescence images demonstrated that the osteoblast cells adhered and proliferated on the surfaces. TiN and SiC coatings can inhibit the attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and promote osteoblast adhesion on the titanium used for implants. These coatings may possess the ability to prevent the development of peri-implantitis and stimulate osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira E. A. Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Patrick H. Carey IV
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.H.C.IV); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Chaker Fares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.H.C.IV); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.H.C.IV); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Arthur E. Clark
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-6928
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