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Bhavan Ram U, Sujatha V, Vidhya S, Jayasree R, Mahalaxmi S. Oyster shell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite and proanthocyanidin pretreatment on dentinal tubule occlusion and permeability before and after acid challenge-an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:17. [PMID: 37036573 PMCID: PMC10085962 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the dentinal tubule occlusion (TO), depth of penetration (DoP), and dentin permeability (DP) of oyster shell-derived nanohydroxyapatite (os-nHAp) with and without 15% proanthocyanidin (PA) pretreatment. os-nHAp was synthesized via the precipitation method and it was characterized. The morphology and particle size of os-nHAp were analyzed using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Cytotoxicity of os-nHAp, PA/os-nHAp, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) was assessed by (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line. One hundred and ninety-seven dentin discs of 3 mm thickness were prepared from the crown portion of extracted human teeth. The dentinal surfaces of the discs were etched for 2 min with 6% citric acid to simulate dentin hypersensitivity. Five discs were randomly selected and the patency of dentinal tubules was confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining 192 discs were divided into four groups (n = 48) depending on the type of remineralization as follows: group 1: os-nHAp, group 2: PA/os-nHAp, group 3: CPP-ACP, and group 4: no treatment. The remineralization protocol was followed for 21 days. Out of the 48 dentin discs in each group, 32 discs were used to evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion (TO) and depth of penetration (DoP) using SEM. The remaining 16 discs were subjected to an assessment of dentin permeability (DP) using a hydraulic conductance model. TO, DoP and DP were evaluated after remineralization and acid challenge. Characterization studies confirmed the presence of pure phase apatite. HRTEM confirmed the nanometric particle size of os-nHAp. MTT assay results showed that all the tested materials exhibited >80% cell viability when tested up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The results demonstrated a significantly higher mean percentage of TO, DoP, and lesser mean DP after remineralization in groups 1, 2, and 3 (p < 0.05). After the acid challenge, group 3 showed a significant reduction in TO and DoP, and increased DP (p < 0.05). However, no such changes were observed in groups 1 and 2. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that os-nHAp and PA/os-nHAp could serve as potential and durable therapeutic agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udatha Bhavan Ram
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India
| | - Venkatappan Sujatha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India
| | - Sampath Vidhya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India.
| | - Raghavan Jayasree
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, 600 063, India
| | - Sekar Mahalaxmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India
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Amaechi BT, Lemke KC, Saha S, Luong MN, Gelfond J. Clinical efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste at relieving dentin hypersensitivity: an 8 weeks randomized control trial. BDJ Open 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 34172718 PMCID: PMC8233401 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-021-00080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of several toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) to relieve dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) with that of a commercial desensitizing dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS). Materials and methods In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial, patients diagnosed with DHS and qualified to participate were randomized into four groups: toothpaste containing 10% nano-HAP (10%nano-HAP), 15% nano-HAP (15%nano-HAP), 10% nano-HAP supplemented with potassium nitrate (KNO3) (10%nano-HAPKN), or CSPS. Subjects’ baseline and post-treatment sensitivities were assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) after the application of ice-cold and air stimuli. Subjects used their assigned toothpaste for routine toothbrushing twice daily. Post-treatment sensitivity was assessed every 2 or 8 weeks. Mean change in VAS (mm) from baseline at each time point were compared using random-intercept, mixed-model analysis and Duncan test (P < 0.05). Results With either air or cold stimulus, VAS indicated a significant (P < 0.001) reduction from baseline DHS at each time point with all test toothpastes. Among the nano-HAP toothpastes, 15%nano-HAP and 10%nano-HAPKN were consistent in DHS reduction with both stimuli. With either stimuli, the CSPS did not significantly differ from 15%nano-HAP and 10%nano-HAPKN at any time point. Conclusions Toothpaste containing nano-HAP (10 or 15%) alone or supplemented with KNO3 was as effective as CSPS for relief of DHS symptoms when used at least twice daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Tochukwu Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Kelly C Lemke
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shyamali Saha
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Minh N Luong
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Hardan L, Bourgi R, Kharouf N, Mancino D, Zarow M, Jakubowicz N, Haikel Y, Cuevas-Suárez CE. Bond Strength of Universal Adhesives to Dentin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:814. [PMID: 33799923 PMCID: PMC7961712 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the availability of a wide variety of universal adhesives makes it difficult for clinicians to choose the correct system for specific bonding situations to dentin substrate. This study aimed to determine whether there are any alternative techniques or additional strategies available to enhance the bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two reviewers executed a literature search up to September 2020 in four electronic databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. Only in vitro studies that reported the dentin bond strength of universal adhesives using additional strategies were included. An analysis was carried out using Review Manager Software version 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). The methodological quality of each in vitro study was assessed according to the parameters of a previous systematic. A total of 5671 potentially relevant studies were identified. After title and abstract examination, 74 studies remained in systematic review. From these, a total of 61 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin was improved by the use of one of the following techniques: Previous application of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitors (p < 0.001), prolonged application time (p = 0.007), scrubbing technique (p < 0.001), selective dentin etching (p < 0.001), non-atmospheric plasma (p = 0.01), ethanol-wet bonding (p < 0.01), prolonged blowing time (p = 0.02), multiple layer application (p = 0.005), prolonged curing time (p = 0.006), and hydrophobic layer coating (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the use of a shortened application time (p = 0.006), and dentin desensitizers (p = 0.01) impaired the bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin. Most of the analyses performed showed a high heterogenicity. The in vitro evidence suggests that the application of universal adhesives using some alternative techniques or additional strategies may be beneficial for improving their bonding performance to dentin. This research received no external funding. Considering that this systematic review was carried out only with in vitro studies, registration was not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, 1107 2180 Beirut, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, 1107 2180 Beirut, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maciej Zarow
- Private Practice, “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Natalia Jakubowicz
- Private Practice, “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico
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Effects of Dentifrices Containing Nanohydroxyapatite on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion—A Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDX Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the effects of dentifrices containing nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) on dentinal tubule occlusion and on mineral deposition. Dentin specimens of ten human teeth were submersed for 30 s in 40% citric acid and then randomly divided into four groups (three study groups and one control group). In the study groups, the dentin samples were exposed to three different n-HAp toothpastes: Karex (Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany), Biorepair Plus Sensitive (Coswell SpA, Bologna, Italy), and Dr. Wolff’s Biorepair (Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany); in the control group no toothpaste was applied. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In the control group all of the samples showed a frank and wide opening of the dentinal tubules, whereas in the study groups different degrees of tubule closure by mineral depositions were observed. Toothpastes containing n-HAp determined a significant occlusion of dentinal tubules and a significant increase of mineral deposition on the dentin surface. All three tested toothpastes showed similar results regarding the degree of dentinal tubule closure. Varying degrees of differences in calcium, phosphate, carbon, and oxygen ion concentrations among the three tested toothpastes were obtained.
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