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Furko M, Detsch R, Horváth ZE, Balázsi K, Boccaccini AR, Balázsi C. Amorphous, Carbonated Calcium Phosphate and Biopolymer-Composite-Coated Si 3N 4/MWCNTs as Potential Novel Implant Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:279. [PMID: 38334550 PMCID: PMC10856846 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A biodegradable amorphous carbonated calcium phosphate (caCP)-incorporated polycaprolactone (PCL) composite layer was successfully deposited by a spin coater. In this specific coating, the PCL acts as a bioadhesive, since it provides a better adherence of the coatings to the substrate compared to powder coatings. The caCP-PCL coatings were deposited and formed thin layers on the surface of a Si3N4-3 wt% MWCNT (multiwalled carbon nanotube) substrate, which is an emerging type of implant material in the biomedical field. The composite coatings were examined regarding their morphology, structure and biological performance. The biocompatibility of the samples was tested in vitro with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells. Owing to the caCP-PCL thin layer, the cell viability values were considerably increased compared to the substrate material. The ALP and LDH tests showed numerous living cells on the investrigated coatings. The morphology of the MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by fluorescent staining (calcein and DAPI) and scanning electron microscopy, both of which revealed a well-spread, adhered and confluent monolayer of cells. All performed biocompatibility tests were positive and indicated the applicability of the deposited thin composite layers as possible candidates for orthopaedic implants for an extended period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Furko
- Centre for Energy Research, HUN-REN, 1121, Konkoly-Thege Road 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauer Str. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (R.D.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Zsolt E. Horváth
- Centre for Energy Research, HUN-REN, 1121, Konkoly-Thege Road 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Katalin Balázsi
- Centre for Energy Research, HUN-REN, 1121, Konkoly-Thege Road 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauer Str. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (R.D.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Csaba Balázsi
- Centre for Energy Research, HUN-REN, 1121, Konkoly-Thege Road 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.E.H.); (K.B.)
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Sun Y, Liu Q, Yu Z, Ren L, Zhao X, Wang J. Study on Osseointegration Capability of β-Type Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si Alloy for Orthopedic Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:472. [PMID: 38276411 PMCID: PMC10820894 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Osseointegration is the basic condition for orthopedic implants to maintain long-term stability. In order to achieve osseointegration, a low elastic modulus is the most important performance indicator. It is difficult for traditional titanium alloys to meet this requirement. A novel β-titanium alloy (Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta)98Si2 was designed, which had excellent strength (a yield strength of 1296 MPa and a breaking strength 3263 MPa), an extremely low elastic modulus (37 GPa), and did not contain toxic elements. In previous in vitro studies, we confirmed the good biocompatibility of this alloy and similar bioactivity to Ti-6Al-4V, but no in vivo study was performed. In this study, Ti-6Al-4V and (Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta)98Si2 were implanted into rabbit femurs. Imaging evaluation and histological morphology were performed, and the bonding strength and bone contact ratio of the two alloys were measured and compared. The results showed that both alloys remained in their original positions 3 months after implantation, and neither imaging nor histological observations found inflammatory reactions in the surrounding bone. The bone-implant contact ratio and bonding strength of (Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta)98Si2 were significantly higher than those of Ti-6Al-4V. The results confirmed that (Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta)98Si2 has a better osseointegration ability than Ti-6Al-4V and is a promising material for orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China;
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.R.)
| | - Zhenglei Yu
- Key of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.R.)
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.R.)
| | - Xin Zhao
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China;
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China;
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Stróż A, Luxbacher T, Dudek K, Chmiela B, Osak P, Łosiewicz B. In Vitro Bioelectrochemical Properties of Second-Generation Oxide Nanotubes on Ti-13Zr-13Nb Biomedical Alloy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1408. [PMID: 36837038 PMCID: PMC9966541 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface charge and in vitro corrosion resistance are some of the key parameters characterizing biomaterials in the interaction of the implant with the biological environment. Hence, this work investigates the in vitro bioelectrochemical behavior of newly developed oxide nanotubes (ONTs) layers of second-generation (2G) on a Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy. The 2G ONTs were produced by anodization in 1 M (NH4)2SO4 solution with 2 wt.% of NH4F. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained bamboo-inspired 2G ONTs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with field emission and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Zeta potential measurements for the examined materials were carried out using an electrokinetic analyzer in aqueous electrolytes of potassium chloride, phosphate-buffered saline and artificial blood. It was found that the electrolyte type and the ionic strength affect the bioelectrochemical properties of 2G ONTs layers. Open circuit potential and anodic polarization curve results proved the influence of anodizing on the improvement of in vitro corrosion resistance of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy in PBS solution. The anodizing conditions used can be proposed for the production of long-term implants, which are not susceptible to pitting corrosion up to 9.4 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stróż
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Dudek
- Refractory Materials Center, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Chmiela
- Insitute of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Z. Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Osak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Bożena Łosiewicz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Stróż A, Maszybrocka J, Goryczka T, Dudek K, Osak P, Łosiewicz B. Influence of Anodizing Conditions on Biotribological and Micromechanical Properties of Ti-13Zr-13Nb Alloy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1237. [PMID: 36770242 PMCID: PMC9920400 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The biomedical Ti-13Zr-13Nb bi-phase (α + β) alloy for long-term applications in implantology has recently been developed. The porous oxide nanotubes' (ONTs) layers of various geometries and lengths on the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy surface can be produced by anodizing to improve osseointegration. This work was aimed at how anodizing conditions determinatine the micromechanical and biotribological properties of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy. First-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), and third-generation (3G) ONT layers were produced on the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy surface by anodizing. The microstructure was characterized using SEM. Micromechanical properties were investigated by the Vickers microhardness test under variable loads. Biotribological properties were examined in Ringer's solution in a reciprocating motion in the ball-on-flat system. The 2D roughness profiles method was used to assess the wear tracks of the tested materials. Wear scars' analysis of the ZrO2 ball was performed using optical microscopy. It was found that the composition of the electrolyte with the presence of fluoride ions was an essential factor influencing the micromechanical and biotribological properties of the obtained ONT layers. The three-body abrasion wear mechanism was proposed to explain the biotribological wear in Ringer's solution for the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy before and after anodizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stróż
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Joanna Maszybrocka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goryczka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Refractory Materials Center, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Osak
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Bożena Łosiewicz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Łosiewicz B, Skwarek S, Stróż A, Osak P, Dudek K, Kubisztal J, Maszybrocka J. Production and Characterization of the Third-Generation Oxide Nanotubes on Ti-13Zr-13Nb Alloy. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062321. [PMID: 35329771 PMCID: PMC8948800 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In the group of vanadium-free titanium alloys used for applications for long-term implants, the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy has recently been proposed. The production of a porous layer of oxide nanotubes (ONTs) with a wide range of geometries and lengths on the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy surface can increase its osteoinductive properties and enable intelligent drug delivery. This work concerns developing a method of electrochemical modification of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy surface to obtain third-generation ONTs. The effect of the anodizing voltage on the microstructure and thickness of the obtained oxide layers was conducted in 1 M C2H6O2 + 4 wt% NH4F electrolyte in the voltage range 5–35 V for 120 min at room temperature. The obtained third-generation ONTs were characterized using SEM, EDS, SKP, and 2D roughness profiles methods. The preliminary assessment of corrosion resistance carried out in accelerated corrosion tests in the artificial atmosphere showed the high quality of the newly developed ONTs and the slight influence of neutral salt spray on their micromechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Łosiewicz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-3497-527
| | - Sandra Skwarek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Stróż
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Patrycja Osak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Refractory Materials Division, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Julian Kubisztal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Joanna Maszybrocka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
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Osak P, Maszybrocka J, Zubko M, Rak J, Bogunia S, Łosiewicz B. Influence of Sandblasting Process on Tribological Properties of Titanium Grade 4 in Artificial Saliva for Dentistry Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7536. [PMID: 34947129 PMCID: PMC8706884 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Titanium Grade 4 (Ti G4) is widely used in medicine for dental implants. The failure-free life of implants depends on their properties such as resistance to wear and friction processes. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of sandblasting on tribological wear of commercial dental implants made of TiG4 in artificial saliva. Tribological wear measurements were performed in a reciprocating motion in the ball-on-disc system. The scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) method was used to characterize the surface of the implants before and after the tribological wear test. The microhardness of Ti G4 was measured before and after sandblasting by the Vickers method. The contact angle was determined by the method of sitting drop in air. The residual stress test using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) single-{hkl} sin2ψ method was carried out. The compressive residual stress of 324(7) MPa and surface hardening of Ti G4 was revealed after sandblasting with Al2O3 particles of 53-75 μm in diameter. It was found that sandblasting changes the surface wettability of Ti G4. The intermediate wettability of the mechanically polished surface and the hydrophobicity of the sandblasted surface was revealed. Sandblasting reduces the tribological wear and friction coefficient of Ti G4 surface in saliva. The three-body abrasion wear mechanism was proposed to explain the tribological wear of Ti G4 in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Osak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Joanna Maszybrocka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Maciej Zubko
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Jan Rak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Sylwia Bogunia
- Old Machar Medical Practice, 526-528 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RS, UK;
| | - Bożena Łosiewicz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.)
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Dorozhkin SV. Synthetic amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs): preparation, structure, properties, and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7748-7798. [PMID: 34755730 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs) represent a metastable amorphous state of other calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) possessing variable compositional but rather identical glass-like physical properties, in which there are neither translational nor orientational long-range orders of the atomic positions. In nature, ACPs of a biological origin are found in the calcified tissues of mammals, some parts of primitive organisms, as well as in the mammalian milk. Manmade ACPs can be synthesized in a laboratory by various methods including wet-chemical precipitation, in which they are the first solid phases, precipitated after a rapid mixing of aqueous solutions containing dissolved ions of Ca2+ and PO43- in sufficient amounts. Due to the amorphous nature, all types of synthetic ACPs appear to be thermodynamically unstable and, unless stored in dry conditions or doped by stabilizers, they tend to transform spontaneously to crystalline CaPO4, mainly to ones with an apatitic structure. This intrinsic metastability of the ACPs is of a great biological relevance. In particular, the initiating role that metastable ACPs play in matrix vesicle biomineralization raises their importance from a mere laboratory curiosity to that of a reasonable key intermediate in skeletal calcifications. In addition, synthetic ACPs appear to be very promising biomaterials both for manufacturing artificial bone grafts and for dental applications. In this review, the current knowledge on the occurrence, structural design, chemical composition, preparation, properties, and biomedical applications of the synthetic ACPs have been summarized.
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Łosiewicz B, Osak P, Maszybrocka J, Kubisztal J, Bogunia S, Ratajczak P, Aniołek K. Effect of Temperature on Electrochemically Assisted Deposition and Bioactivity of CaP Coatings on CpTi Grade 4. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14175081. [PMID: 34501171 PMCID: PMC8433821 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings are able to improve the osseointegration process due to their chemical composition similar to that of bone tissues. Among the methods of producing CaP coatings, the electrochemically assisted deposition (ECAD) is particularly important due to high repeatability and the possibility of deposition at room temperature and neutral pH, which allows for the co-deposition of inorganic and organic components. In this work, the ECAD of CaP coatings from an acetate bath with a Ca:P ratio of 1.67, was developed. The effect of the ECAD conditions on CaP coatings deposited on commercially pure titanium grade 4 (CpTi G4) subjected to sandblasting and autoclaving was presented. The physicochemical characteristics of the ECAD-derived coatings was carried out using SEM, EDS, FTIR, 2D roughness profiles, and amplitude sensitive eddy current method. It was showed that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) coatings can be obtained at a potential −1.5 to −10 V for 10 to 60 min at 20 to 70 °C. The thickness and surface roughness of the ACP coatings were an increasing function of potential, time, and temperature. The obtained ACP coatings are a precursor in the process of apatite formation in a simulated body fluid. The optimal ACP coating for use in dentistry was deposited at a potential of −3 V for 30 min at 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Łosiewicz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (P.O.); (J.M.); (J.K.); (P.R.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-3497-527
| | - Patrycja Osak
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (P.O.); (J.M.); (J.K.); (P.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Joanna Maszybrocka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (P.O.); (J.M.); (J.K.); (P.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Julian Kubisztal
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (P.O.); (J.M.); (J.K.); (P.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Sylwia Bogunia
- Old Machar Medical Practice, 526-528 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RS, UK;
| | - Patryk Ratajczak
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (P.O.); (J.M.); (J.K.); (P.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Aniołek
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (P.O.); (J.M.); (J.K.); (P.R.); (K.A.)
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