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Prasad PS, Pasha MB, Rao RN, Rao PV, Madaboosi N, Özcan M. A Review on Enhancing the Life of Teeth by Toothpaste Containing Bioactive Glass Particles. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2024; 11:87-94. [PMID: 38706577 PMCID: PMC11062909 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-024-00366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Dental caries or tooth decay is one of the communal problems in the world which can affect not only the oral health but also the general health conditions. The main objective of this systematic review is to explore the efficacy of bioactive glass-based toothpastes against cariogenic bacteria. Recent Findings Bioactive glass particulates containing toothpaste show better remineralization potential on demineralized enamel and dentin when compared with toothpaste containing various bioactive constituents such as fluoride and potassium chloride. These constituents in conventional toothpaste can rapidly streak off due to acidic impact in the oral environment as the bioactive glass provides minerals for demineralized enamel and dentin by forming a strong hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer on its surface. Further, the therapeutic ions present in the bioglass can resist plaque formation by raising the pH of the surrounding environment or saliva and create amicable media for healthier teeth. Summary Toothpaste containing bioactive glass particles undoubtedly displayed the remineralizing potentiality of the dental hard tissues. Dynamics of the mineralization through different bioactive glass materials needs further investigations. In order to prevent dental cavities and improve oral health, it is important to identify and study different effective bioglass particles in toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Syam Prasad
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, 506004 Telangana India
- Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Chewing Function Disturbances and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahammod Babar Pasha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, 506004 Telangana India
| | - R. Narasimha Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, 506004 Telangana India
| | - P. Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Physics, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036 India
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Chewing Function Disturbances and Dental Biomaterials, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Athanasiadou D, Eymael D, Hajhamid B, Carneiro KMM, Prakki A. Chemical and Ultrastructural Characterization of Dentin Treated with Remineralizing Dentifrices. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:25. [PMID: 38248692 PMCID: PMC10816979 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate dentin chemical and ultrastructural changes upon exposure to remineralizing dentifrices. Dentin disks were obtained from permanent human molars and treated for 7 days with the dentifrices: (1) C group-control (no dentifrice); (2) S group-Sensodyne Repair & Protect; (3) D group-Dentalclean Daily Regenerating Gel; and (4) DB group-D group + Dentalclean regenerating booster. Afterwards, samples were submitted to an additional 7 days of toothbrushing associated with daily acidic challenge. Samples were imaged and analyzed (days 1, 7, and 14) for Young's modulus by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). SEM and AFM revealed precipitate deposition on dentin surfaces in groups S, D, and DB, formed as early as day 1. Surface elemental analysis showed a Si increase on all brushed surfaces. Similar surface morphology was maintained after the acidic challenge period. Bright-field TEM/SAED revealed the formation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite inside the dentin tubules of groups S, D, and DB after day 7. Group C presented a gradual reduction of Young's modulus from days-1-14, whereas all remaining groups had increased values. All evaluated dentifrices led to successful formation of hydroxyapatite and increased dentin stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Athanasiadou
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (D.A.); (D.E.); (B.H.)
| | - Denise Eymael
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (D.A.); (D.E.); (B.H.)
| | - Beshr Hajhamid
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (D.A.); (D.E.); (B.H.)
| | - Karina M. M. Carneiro
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (D.A.); (D.E.); (B.H.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (D.A.); (D.E.); (B.H.)
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Vajrabhaya LO, Korsuwannawong S, Harnirattisai C, Teanchai C, Salee W. Little Ironweed and Java Tea in Herbal Toothpaste Reduced Dentine Permeability: An In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2024; 14:28-34. [PMID: 38559639 PMCID: PMC10980310 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_67_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the effect of an herbal toothpaste containing Little Ironweed and Java Tea, on reducing dentine permeability in vitro. Materials and Methods Dentine discs from human mandibular third molars were divided into three groups and brushed with herbal toothpaste, nonherbal toothpaste, or deionized water. Each group was immersed in artificial saliva (AS) or 6% citric acid. The permeability of each dentine disc was evaluated before and after saliva or acid challenge using a fluid filtration system. The morphology of dentine discs after treatment was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mean permeabilities were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Results The nonherbal and herbal toothpaste groups demonstrated reduced dentine permeability. AS immersion decreased dentine permeability in both toothpaste groups with values lower than the control group. Dentine permeability values increased after acid immersion in the toothpaste groups and were similar to each other. SEM revealed small granular crystal-like and round particles on the dentine surface and opening of dentinal tubules of both toothpaste groups. More dentinal tubules were opened after brushing with deionized water. Conclusions The reduction of dentine permeability caused by the herbal toothpaste was similar to that of the nonherbal toothpaste after brushing and the simulated oral conditions. Both herbal plants have the possibility to alleviate clinical hypersensitivity by reducing dentine permeability. Little Ironweed and Java Tea in the toothpaste composition is a potential choice for treating hypersensitive dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- La-ongthong Vajrabhaya
- Endodontics Section, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Cholthacha Harnirattisai
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayada Teanchai
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weena Salee
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bhavan Ram U, Sujatha V, Vidhya S, Jayasree R, Mahalaxmi S. Oyster shell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite and proanthocyanidin pretreatment on dentinal tubule occlusion and permeability before and after acid challenge-an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:17. [PMID: 37036573 PMCID: PMC10085962 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the dentinal tubule occlusion (TO), depth of penetration (DoP), and dentin permeability (DP) of oyster shell-derived nanohydroxyapatite (os-nHAp) with and without 15% proanthocyanidin (PA) pretreatment. os-nHAp was synthesized via the precipitation method and it was characterized. The morphology and particle size of os-nHAp were analyzed using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Cytotoxicity of os-nHAp, PA/os-nHAp, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) was assessed by (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line. One hundred and ninety-seven dentin discs of 3 mm thickness were prepared from the crown portion of extracted human teeth. The dentinal surfaces of the discs were etched for 2 min with 6% citric acid to simulate dentin hypersensitivity. Five discs were randomly selected and the patency of dentinal tubules was confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining 192 discs were divided into four groups (n = 48) depending on the type of remineralization as follows: group 1: os-nHAp, group 2: PA/os-nHAp, group 3: CPP-ACP, and group 4: no treatment. The remineralization protocol was followed for 21 days. Out of the 48 dentin discs in each group, 32 discs were used to evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion (TO) and depth of penetration (DoP) using SEM. The remaining 16 discs were subjected to an assessment of dentin permeability (DP) using a hydraulic conductance model. TO, DoP and DP were evaluated after remineralization and acid challenge. Characterization studies confirmed the presence of pure phase apatite. HRTEM confirmed the nanometric particle size of os-nHAp. MTT assay results showed that all the tested materials exhibited >80% cell viability when tested up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The results demonstrated a significantly higher mean percentage of TO, DoP, and lesser mean DP after remineralization in groups 1, 2, and 3 (p < 0.05). After the acid challenge, group 3 showed a significant reduction in TO and DoP, and increased DP (p < 0.05). However, no such changes were observed in groups 1 and 2. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that os-nHAp and PA/os-nHAp could serve as potential and durable therapeutic agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udatha Bhavan Ram
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India
| | - Venkatappan Sujatha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India
| | - Sampath Vidhya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India.
| | - Raghavan Jayasree
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, 600 063, India
| | - Sekar Mahalaxmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India
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Yucesoy DT, Fong H, Hamann J, Hall E, Dogan S, Sarikaya M. Biomimetic Dentin Repair: Amelogenin-Derived Peptide Guides Occlusion and Peritubular Mineralization of Human Teeth. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1486-1495. [PMID: 36854046 PMCID: PMC10015427 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of dentin tubules due to loss of protective enamel (crown) and cementum (root) tissues as a result of erosion, mechanical wear, gingival recession, etc. has been the leading causes of dentin hypersensitivity. Despite being a widespread ailment, no permanent solution exists to address this oral condition. Current treatments are designed to alleviate the pain by either using desensitizers or blocking dentin tubules by deposition of minerals or solid precipitates, which often have short-lived effects. Reproducing an integrated mineral layer that occludes exposed dentin with concomitant peritubular mineralization is essential to reestablish the structural and mechanical integrity of the tooth with long-term durability. Here, we describe a biomimetic treatment that promotes dentin repair using a mineralization-directing peptide, sADP5, derived from amelogenin. The occlusion was achieved through a layer-by-layer peptide-guided remineralization process that forms an infiltrating mineral layer on dentin. The structure, composition, and nanomechanical properties of the remineralized dentin were analyzed by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy imaging, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and nanomechanical testing. The elemental analysis provided calcium and phosphate compositions that are similar to those in hydroxyapatite. The measured average hardness and reduced elastic modulus values for the mineral layer were significantly higher than those of the demineralized and sound human dentin. The structural integration of the new mineral and underlying dentin was confirmed by thermal aging demonstrating no physical separation. These results suggest that a structurally robust and mechanically durable interface is formed between the interpenetrating mineral layer and underlying dentin that can withstand long-term mechanical and thermal stresses naturally experienced in the oral environment. The peptide-guided remineralization procedure described herein could provide a foundation for the development of highly effective oral care products leading to novel biomimetic treatments for a wide range of demineralization-related ailments and, in particular, offers a potent long-term solution for dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz T. Yucesoy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
- Phone: +90-232-750-6959.
| | - Hanson Fong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John Hamann
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Eric Hall
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sami Dogan
- Department
of Restorative Dentistry, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mehmet Sarikaya
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Phone: +1-206-543-0724. Fax: +1-206-543-3100.
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