Antibacterial Efficacy and Surface Characteristics of Boron Nitride Coated Dental Implant: An In-Vitro Study

Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of Chhattisgarh herbal product-Terminalia chebula fruit extract in opposition to Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study

Due to the low cost, natural origin, higher safety margins, and little to negligible adverse effects of herbal medications, the use of plants and plant derivatives in medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. Terminalia chebula is among the most significant medicinal plants in ayurvedic, siddha, unani, and homeopathic remedies. It is ranked first in Ayurvedic material medicine. T. chebula has been shown to have established effects against various bacterial and fungal infections, including dental caries pathogens. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in dentistry and medicine related to Enterococcus faecalis. The research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of different concentrations of T. chebula ethanolic fruit extract (10%, 40%, and 100%) in opposition to E. faecalis and compare it with 2% chlorhexidine. For the study, T. chebula ethanolic fruit extracts were obtained and prepared with Group I: -10% concentration, Group II: -40% concentration, Group III: -100% concentration, and Group IV: -2% chlorhexidine. Colonies of E. faecalis were cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C and were inoculated in 16 BHI agar plates. Then, on the petri dishes, four wells were created (8 mm diameter) using a metal borer. The Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial activity, and the zones of inhibition around the wells were noted. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The result shows that as the concentration increases, there is an increase in the efficacy of the antibacterial property of the extract before it reaches the saturation point. The decreasing order of antibacterial was chlorhexidine >100% T. chebula >40% T. chebula >10% T. chebula. The production of contemporary pharmaceuticals from T. chebula was addressed, as the global scenario is currently evolving toward using nontoxic plant products with traditional medicinal benefits.

A novel facile synthesis of metal nitride@metal oxide (BN/Gd2O3) nanocomposite and their antibacterial and anticancer activities

In this study, a novel core/shell nanocomposite structure (h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs) was created for the first time by combining hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) using different laser pulse numbers, i.e., 150, 338, and 772 pulses. We employed various analytical techniques, including mapping analysis, FE-SEM, EDS, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, zeta potential analysis, DLS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and PL measurements, to characterize the synthesized h-BN, c-Gd2O3, and h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs (338 pulses). XRD results indicated hexagonal and cubic crystal structures for BN and Gd2O3, respectively, while EDS confirmed their chemical composition and elemental mapping. Chemical bonds between B-N-Gd, B-N-O, and Gd-O bands at 412, 455, 474, and 520 cm-1 were identified by FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial and anticancer activities of these NCs using agar well diffusion and MTT assays. They exhibited potent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Furthermore, NCs have reduced the proliferation of cancerous cells, i.e., human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), while not affecting the proliferation of the normal breast cell line (MCF-10). The anticancer efficacy of NCs was validated by the AO/EtBr assay, which confirmed apoptotic cell death. Blood compatibility on human erythrocytes was also confirmed by hemolytic and in vitro toxicity assessments. The compiled results of the study proposed these nanoparticles could be used as a promising drug delivery system and potentially in healthcare applications.