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Kim MJ, Yoon SB, Ji HB, Kim CR, Han JH, Kim SN, Min CH, Lee C, Chang LS, Choy YB. In Situ Hydrogel with Immobilized Mn-Porphyrin for Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging, Oxygen Generation, and Risedronate Delivery in Bone Defect Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40682-40694. [PMID: 39046105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
We propose a hydrogel immobilized with manganese porphyrin (MnP), a biomimetic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia that impede the repair of large bone defects. Our hydrogel synthesis involved thiolated chitosan and polyethylene glycol-maleimide conjugated with MnPs (MnP-PEG-MAL), which enabled in situ gelation via a click reaction. Through optimization, a hydrogel with mechanical properties and catalytic effects favorable for bone repair was selected. Additionally, the hydrogel was incorporated with risedronate to induce synergistic effects of ROS scavenging, O2 generation, and sustained drug release. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 cells and suppressed proliferation and differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells in ROS-rich environments. In vivo evaluation of a calvarial bone defect model revealed that this multifunctional hydrogel facilitated significant bone regeneration. Therefore, the hydrogel proposed in this study is a promising strategy for addressing complex wound environments and promoting effective bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bi Ji
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Rim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Han
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Min
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Sook Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03122, Republic of Korea
- ToBIOS Inc., 3F, 9-7 Seongbuk-ro 5-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02880, Republic of Korea
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Koka P, Chandramohan Y, Perumal E, Kavarthapu A, Dhanasekaran A, Chandran A, Gunasekaran K. Fabrication of ECM Mimicking Bioactive Scaffold: A Regenerative Approach for MSC Mediated Applications. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6282987. [PMID: 37251796 PMCID: PMC10224790 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6282987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are feasible resources that aids to replace damaged structures in our bodies. The most biologically active flora is Aloe vera which has many bioactive compounds that are anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and have ECM mimicking protein content which helps in the healing of wounds and also acts as an ECM factor for stem cell homing and differentiation. The Aloe vera containing 10 w/v of gelatin was lyophilized. Scaffolds had sharper morphology, greater hydrophilic properties, and a Young's modulus of 6.28 MPa and 15.9 MPa of higher tensile strength are desirable. In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, biologically active scaffolds have been producing hopeful outcomes in both restoration and replacement, respectively. The objective of the present investigation is to test the idea that incorporating gelatin to Aloe vera scaffolds might enhance their structure, good biocompatibility, and possibly even bioactivity. The SEM picture of the composite scaffold revealed pore walls. The scaffolds had linked pores with diameters ranging from 93 to 296 μm. Aloe vera and the matrix interact well, according to the FTIR study, which could lead to a reduction in the amount of water-binding sites and a reduction in the material's ability to absorb water. Aloe vera with 10% gelatin (AV/G) scaffold was investigated for different biological reactions of human gingival tissue mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of cell proliferation, morphology, and cell migration. The results demonstrated the potential of the AV/G scaffold as a biomaterial that offers new insight in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Koka
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025 Tamil Nadu, India
- Bioscreen Instrumentation Pvt Ltd, Ashok Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yamini Chandramohan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elumalai Perumal
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avinash Kavarthapu
- Department of Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Dhanasekaran
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Chandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Gunasekaran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Dambi Dollo University, P.O. Box 360, Kelam Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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Abstract
Recently, intensive efforts have been undertaken to find new, superior biomaterial solutions in the field of hybrid inorganic–organic materials. In our studies, biomicroconcretes containing hydroxyapatite (HAp)–chitosan (CTS) granules dispersed in an α tricalcium phospahate (αTCP) matrix were investigated. The influence of CTS content and the size of granules on the physicochemical properties of final bone implant materials (setting time, porosity, mechanical strength, and phase composition) were evaluated. The obtained materials were found to be promising bone substitutes for use in non-load bearing applications.
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Park KH, Kim SJ, Jeong YH, Moon HJ, Song HJ, Park YJ. Fabrication and biological properties of calcium phosphate/chitosan composite coating on titanium in modified SBF. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:113-118. [PMID: 29853074 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the biocompatibility and bioactivity of chitosan, hydroxyapatite was in situ combined into the spin-coated chitosan layer on the titanium substrate by incubating in modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF). The calcium phosphate/chitosan (CaP/CS) composite prepared in m-SBF showed a homogeneous distribution of spherical nano-clusters. The hydrophilicity of the coatings was increased by performing NaOH post-treatment of CaP/CS composites, which also affected apatite formation. Biocompatibility of the coatings was assessed by investigating the cellular response of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell adhesion and osteogenic properties of the mesoporous CaP/CS composite were evaluated by SEM and ALPase assay, respectively. This in vitro study showed improved cell adhesion and differentiation on nanostructured CaP/CS composites. These results indicate that this CaP/CS composite could be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Dental Materials and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Kim
- Department of Dental Materials and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Dental Materials and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Moon
- Department of Dental Materials and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Song
- Department of Dental Materials and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Joon Park
- Department of Dental Materials and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Cahyaningrum SE, Herdyastuty N, Devina B, Supangat D. Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Powder by Wet Precipitation Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/299/1/012039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li C, Hotz B, Ling S, Guo J, Haas DS, Marelli B, Omenetto F, Lin SJ, Kaplan DL. Regenerated silk materials for functionalized silk orthopedic devices by mimicking natural processing. Biomaterials 2016. [PMID: 27697669 DOI: 10.1016/i.biomaterials.2016,09,014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibers spun by silkworms and spiders exhibit exceptional mechanical properties with a unique combination of strength, extensibility and toughness. In contrast, the mechanical properties of regenerated silk materials can be tuned through control of the fabrication process. Here we introduce a biomimetic, all-aqueous process, to obtain bulk regenerated silk-based materials for the fabrication of functionalized orthopedic devices. The silk materials generated in the process replicate the nano-scale structure of natural silk fibers and possess excellent mechanical properties. The biomimetic materials demonstrate excellent machinability, providing a path towards the fabrication of a new family of resorbable orthopedic devices where organic solvents are avoided, thus allowing functionalization with bioactive molecules to promote bone remodeling and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Blake Hotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Shengjie Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Dylan S Haas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fiorenzo Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Divisions of Plastic Surgery and Otolaryngology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Li C, Hotz B, Ling S, Guo J, Haas DS, Marelli B, Omenetto F, Lin SJ, Kaplan DL. Regenerated silk materials for functionalized silk orthopedic devices by mimicking natural processing. Biomaterials 2016; 110:24-33. [PMID: 27697669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibers spun by silkworms and spiders exhibit exceptional mechanical properties with a unique combination of strength, extensibility and toughness. In contrast, the mechanical properties of regenerated silk materials can be tuned through control of the fabrication process. Here we introduce a biomimetic, all-aqueous process, to obtain bulk regenerated silk-based materials for the fabrication of functionalized orthopedic devices. The silk materials generated in the process replicate the nano-scale structure of natural silk fibers and possess excellent mechanical properties. The biomimetic materials demonstrate excellent machinability, providing a path towards the fabrication of a new family of resorbable orthopedic devices where organic solvents are avoided, thus allowing functionalization with bioactive molecules to promote bone remodeling and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Blake Hotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Shengjie Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Dylan S Haas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fiorenzo Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Divisions of Plastic Surgery and Otolaryngology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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9
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Doty HA, Courtney HS, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Elution of amikacin and vancomycin from a calcium sulfate/chitosan bone scaffold. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMECHANICS IN BIOENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.12989/bme.2015.2.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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Guitian Oliveira N, Sirgado T, Reis L, Pinto LF, da Silva CL, Ferreira FC, Rodrigues A. In vitro assessment of three dimensional dense chitosan-based structures to be used as bioabsorbable implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 40:413-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Sahoo NG, Pan YZ, Li L, He CB. Nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:639-53. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bone tissue possesses a nanocomposite structure that provides appropriate physical and biological properties. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the biomaterial to mimic living bone tissue. Since no single type of material is able to mimic the composition, structure and properties of native bone, nanocomposites are the best choice for bone tissue regeneration as they can provide the appropriate matrix environment, integrate desirable biological properties, and provide controlled, sequential delivery of multiple growth factors for the different stages of bone tissue regeneration. This article reviews the composition, structure and properties of advanced nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration. It covers aspects of interest such as the biomimetic synthesis of bone-like nanocomposites, guided bone regeneration from inert biomaterials and bioactive nanocomposites, and nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. The design, fabrication, and in vitro and in vivo characterization of such nanocomposites are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, 3 Research Link, 117602, Singapore
| | - Yong Zheng Pan
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, 3 Research Link, 117602, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chao Bin He
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, 3 Research Link, 117602, Singapore
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Reves BT, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO. Fabrication of crosslinked carboxymethylchitosan microspheres and their incorporation into composite scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:630-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Tonelli FMP, Santos AK, Gomes KN, Lorençon E, Guatimosim S, Ladeira LO, Resende RR. Carbon nanotube interaction with extracellular matrix proteins producing scaffolds for tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4511-29. [PMID: 22923989 PMCID: PMC3423153 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been made in organ transplantation, surgical reconstruction, and the use of artificial prostheses to treat the loss or failure of an organ or bone tissue. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to carbon nanotubes and collagen composite materials and their applications in the field of tissue engineering due to their minimal foreign-body reactions, an intrinsic antibacterial nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to be molded into various geometries and forms such as porous structures, suitable for cell ingrowth, proliferation, and differentiation. Recently, grafted collagen and some other natural and synthetic polymers with carbon nanotubes have been incorporated to increase the mechanical strength of these composites. Carbon nanotube composites are thus emerging as potential materials for artificial bone and bone regeneration in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M P Tonelli
- Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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