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Chiaramonte R, Testa G, Russo A, Buccheri E, Milana M, Prezioso R, Pavone V, Vecchio M. Damage for gain: The useful damage of the Pitcher's paradox. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25401. [PMID: 38327463 PMCID: PMC10847923 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sport-specific adaptations of the glenohumeral joint may arise in adolescent overhead athletes who begin high-performance sports early in life. Research mainly addresses overuse injuries, leaving gaps in prevention, with adults studied more than youths. Objective This study aims to investigate sport-adaptations of the glenohumeral joint in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball players to identify potential shoulder injury risk factors. Design Observational study. Setting Clinical screening campaign conducted at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit of Policlinic Hospital in Catania, Italy. Participants Forty asymptomatic under-16 athletes were evaluated. Interventions Shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER), range of motion (ROM), total-rotation ROM, glenohumeral IR deficit (GIRD), general joint laxity using Beighton score, apprehension, relocation, O'Brian tests, and ultrasound (US) glenohumeral distance were tested bilaterally. Variables such as the player's position, the age they began the sport, limb dominance, weight, and height were also considered. Results The median US glenohumeral distance was at 0.42 ± 0.26 cm, which is consistent with the range found in non-dislocated shoulders of a healthy non-athletic population. The ER ROM was significantly greater in the dominant shoulder than the contralateral one (P = 0.0001), and there was a significant correlation between the ER ROM of attackers and their US glenohumeral distance (P = 0.0413). Furthermore, shoulder IR ROM and US glenohumeral distance were not significantly different between the dominant and contralateral limbs (P = 0.05). None of the athletes presented GIRD. Other tests, including the Beighton score, apprehension, and relocation tests, yielded no significant differences between the dominant and contralateral limbs. Conclusions Despite an increased shoulder ER in the dominant limb, the glenohumeral joint remains stable, suggesting that greater ROM in ER does not equate to instability in overhead athletes without hyperlaxity. Nevertheless, increased ER impacts glenohumeral distance in attacker volleyball players. This finding suggests that the shoulder morphological adaptation process starts early in attackers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Chiaramonte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico "Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Buccheri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Milana
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Prezioso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Pavone
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico "Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
- Rehabilitation Unit, "AOU Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco", 95123, Catania, Italy
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Chiaramonte R, Bonfiglio M, Caramma S, Condorelli R. The Role of Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Constipation in Oncological Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5083. [PMID: 37568485 PMCID: PMC10420032 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy, as well as opioid and antiemetic drugs, can contribute to constipation in oncological patients. This systematic review aims to analyse the potential of specific rehabilitation strategies and alternative strategies for improving constipation symptoms, with the goal of incorporating these strategies into a dedicated protocol for managing cancer-related constipation. This could potentially reduce the dosages of or eliminate the need for constipation medications. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The review included studies analysing constipation complaints in cancer patients treated with rehabilitation, acupuncture and osteopathy. RESULTS The review included 16 studies in line with PRISMA and PICOS criteria. Most studies showed that physical exercise, abdominal massage, TENS, acupuncture and education on the correct defecation position positively impacted the management of constipation and quality of life in oncological patients. A physiotherapy program involving massages as well as aerobic and resistance training improved constipation in oncological women, regardless of age, sex and frailty. A combination of abdominal massage, abdominal muscle stretching and education on proper defecation position alleviated the severity of constipation and related depression. However, the outcomes regarding TENS were yet inconsistent. Another technique, becoming increasingly common for constipation, and demonstrating positive results, involved stimulating trigger points through acupressure and acupuncture. Conversely, osteopathic and superficial manipulations more frequently required constipation medications than did the other alternative approaches. However, no existing studies have proposed a specific protocol to manage cancer-related constipation. CONCLUSIONS The results of the studies confirm the positive influences of rehabilitation, osteopathy and acupuncture on constipation and pain in oncological patients. Nevertheless, further studies are required to establish the best type, timing and duration of treatment, as well as how the stage and location of the cancer and the cause of constipation (drug-induced or functional) impact the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Chiaramonte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Bonfiglio
- Provincial Health Department of Siracusa, 96014 Sicily, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caramma
- Department of Pain Management, Policlinico-San Marco Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Condorelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, EOC—Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
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Malaguarnera G, Catania VE, Bertino G, Chisari LM, Castorina M, Bonfiglio C, Cauli O, Malaguarnera M. Acetyl-L-carnitine Slows the Progression from Prefrailty to Frailty in Older Subjects: A Randomized Interventional Clinical Trial. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3158-3166. [PMID: 36043711 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220830092815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body function, representing the clinical situation called "frailty". Prefrailty is the intermediate stage between frailty and robust condition. L-carnitine (LC) plays an important role in energy production from long-chain fatty acids in mitochondria, and its serum level is lower in prefrail and frail subjects. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) in pre-frail older patients. METHODS We scheduled 3 months of treatment and then 3 months of follow-up. A total of 92 subjects were selected from May, 2009 to July, 2017, in a randomized, observational, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We scheduled 3 months of treatment and then 3 months of follow-up. ALCAR (oral 1.5 g/bis in die - BID) or placebo groups were used. RESULTS After the treatment, only the treated group displayed a decrease in C reactive protein (CRP) p < 0.001 and an increase in serum-free carnitine and acetylcarnitine (p < 0.05) in Mini-Mental state (MMSE) p < 0.0001 and 6-walking distance (p < 0.0001); ALCAR group vs. placebo group showed a decrease in HDL cholesterol and CRP (p < 0.01), an increase in MMSE score (p < 0.001) and in the 6-walking distance (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ALCAR treatment delays the incidence and severity of onset of degenerative disorders of the elderly in prefrail subjects with improvement in memory and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Emanuele Catania
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico- San Marco, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Maria Chisari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, c/Jaume Roig s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Liu X, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Wang Y, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis of newborn goats after cold exposure. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22461. [PMID: 35838582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200637r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important component of energy expenditure and necessary to maintain body temperature for newborn mammals. In the previous study, we found that L-carnitine was enriched in BAT and promoted BAT adipogenesis and thermogenesis in goat brown adipocytes. However, whether dietary L-carnitine regulates BAT heat production and energy expenditure in lambs remains unclear. In this study, maternal L-carnitine supplementation elevated the rectal temperature, as well as the expression of UCP1 and mitochondrial DNA content to promote BAT thermogenesis in newborn goats. Moreover, maternal L-carnitine supplementation increased the levels of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lactate in plasma, as well as the content of lipid droplet and glycogen in BAT of newborn goats. Lipidomic analysis showed that maternal L-carnitine supplementation remodeled the lipid composition of BAT in newborn goats. L-carnitine significantly increased the levels of TG and diglyceride (DG) and decreased the levels of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in BAT. Further studies showed that L-carnitine promoted TG and glycogen deposition in brown adipocytes through AMPKα. Our results indicate that maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes BAT development and thermogenesis in newborn goats and provides new evidence for newborn goats to maintain body temperature in response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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