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Pearce E, Wolley O, Mekhail SP, Gregory T, Gemmell NR, Oulton RF, Clark AS, Phillips CC, Padgett MJ. Single-frame transmission and phase imaging using off-axis holography with undetected photons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16008. [PMID: 38992022 PMCID: PMC11239902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging with undetected photons relies upon nonlinear interferometry to extract the spatial image from an infrared probe beam and reveal it in the interference pattern of an easier-to-detect visible beam. Typically, the transmission and phase images are extracted using phase-shifting techniques and combining interferograms from multiple frames. Here we show that off-axis digital holography enables reconstruction of both transmission and phase images at the infrared wavelength from a single interferogram, and hence a single frame, recorded in the visible. This eliminates the need for phase stepping and multiple acquisitions, thereby greatly reducing total measurement time for imaging with long acquisition times at low flux or enabling video-rate imaging at higher flux. With this single-frame acquisition technique, we are able to reconstruct transmission images of an object in the infrared beam with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.680 ± 0.004 at 10 frames per second, and record a dynamic scene in the infrared beam at 33 frames per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Pearce
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Osian Wolley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon P Mekhail
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Gregory
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nathan R Gemmell
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alex S Clark
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris C Phillips
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Miles J Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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