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Silva DM, Almeida CMR, Guardiola FA, Pereira R, Rodrigues SM, Ramos S. Uncovering microplastics contamination in canned seafood. Food Chem 2024; 448:139049. [PMID: 38518443 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
There is limited research on the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in canned seafood. All types of canned seafood investigated in the present study were contaminated. After sample digestion in 30 % hydrogen peroxide, a total of 40 MPs were recovered. Fibers were the most common type, blue was the dominant colour, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified polyester as the most common polymer. Considering all samples, an average of 3.5 ± 5.2 MPs/can was obtained, with octopus in tomato sauce and tuna in olive oil presenting the highest contamination (5.2 ± 7.5 MPs/can and 5.2 ± 5.1 MPs/can, respectively). Also, significant differences between the number of MPs in the seafood tissues and immersion liquids were verified. The present study demonstrates MPs occurrence in canned seafood, a potential contamination pathway for humans. More research on the different stages of the canning processing is vital for understanding MPs contamination in cans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M Silva
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal; Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science of University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Rúben Pereira
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sabrina M Rodrigues
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Ramos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
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Mboglen D, Gong Y, Guo Z, Ngo Nola D, Li Y. First report of plastic and non-plastic microparticles in stomach of slandertail lanternshark and shortspine spurdog from the edge of East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116531. [PMID: 38823373 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the presence of plastic and non-plastic microparticles in the gastrointestinal tracts of two deep-sea sharks, Etmopterus molleri (n = 118) and Squalus mitsukurii (n = 6), bycatch from the East China Sea continental shelf. We found a total of 117 microparticles, predominantly fibres (67.52 %), with blue (31.62 %) and black (23.94 %) being the most prevalent colours. E. molleri contained 70 microparticles (0.63 ± 0.93 items/shark), 61.42 % non-plastics like viscose and cotton, while plastics included polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and acrylic. Despite S. mitsukurii's limited sample size, the results show that it takes in a lot of microparticles (47 microparticles, 7.83 ± 2.64 items/shark), 57.44 % non-plastics (viscose, cotton, and ethyl cellulose), and 42.56 % plastics. A positive correlation between microparticle presence and total length was observed for E. molleri. These results provide initial data on microparticle ingestion by these species, highlighting potential ecological risks and trophic transfer implications in deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mboglen
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Rd., Shanghai, China; Institute of Research for Agriculture and Development (IRAD), Specialized Research Station on Marine Ecosystems, Antenne d'Ebodjé, 219 Kribi, Cameroon
| | - Yi Gong
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Rd., Shanghai, China; The key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, 999 Huchenghuan Rd., Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zehao Guo
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Rd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dorine Ngo Nola
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Rd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Marine Living Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Rd., Shanghai, China; The key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, 999 Huchenghuan Rd., Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Doshi M, Rabari V, Patel A, Yadav VK, Sahoo DK, Trivedi J. A systematic review on microplastic contamination in marine Crustacea and Mollusca of Asia: Current scenario, concentration, characterization, polymeric risk assessment, and future Prospectives. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11029. [PMID: 38708452 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has wreaked havoc on biodiversity and food safety globally. The false ingestion of MPs causes harmful effects on organisms, resulting in a decline in biodiversity. The present review comprehended the current knowledge of MP contamination in Crustacea and Mollusca from 75 peer-reviewed articles published in Asia between 2015 and 2023. A total of 79 species (27 Crustacea and 52 Mollusca) have been recorded to be contaminated with MPs. Out of the total 27 species of Crustacea, Metopograpsus quadridentatus (327.56 MPs/individual) and Balanus albicostatus (0.42 MPs/individual) showed the highest and lowest contamination, respectively. Out of the total 52 species of Mollusca, Dolabella auricularia (2325 MPs/individual) and Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis (0.2 MPs/individual) showed the highest and lowest contamination, respectively. In terms of country-wise MP contamination, China has the highest number of contaminated species in both phylums among Asia. Findings of pollution indices revealed a very high risk of MP contamination in all the countries. Fiber was reported predominantly in both groups. Blue and black-colored MPs having <500 μm and <500 μm-1 mm size were found dominantly in Crustacea and Mollusca, respectively. Polypropylene was recorded as the dominant plastic polymer in both Crustacea and Mollusca. In essence, this review has provided a comprehensive insight into MP concentration in Crustacea and Mollusca of Asia, highlighting variations among species and geographic locations. This understanding is crucial for tackling urgent environmental challenges, safeguarding human health, and promoting global sustainability initiatives amid the escalating issue of plastic pollution. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Microplastic pollution has created havoc on biodiversity and food safety. A total of 27 and 52 species of crustaceans and Mollusca have been recorded to be contaminated with MPs. Metopograpsus quadridentate and Dolabella auricularia have shown higher MPs contamination. Polypropylene was recorded as the dominant plastic polymer in both crustacean and Mollusca. Findings of pollution indices revealed a very high risk of MP contamination in all the countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Doshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Vasantkumar Rabari
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jigneshkumar Trivedi
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
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Gayathri V, Pavithra R, Thangal SH, Ganapathy S, Gurusaravanan P, Santhanam P, Radhakrishnan S, Muralisankar T. Incidence of microplastics in Indian anchovy Stolephorus indicus from Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116406. [PMID: 38677108 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the gut, gill, and muscle of edible fish Stolephorus indicus sampled from Tuticorin coastal regions of Tamilnadu, India was investigated. We recorded a total of 689 MPs which includes 510 and 179 MPs from males and females respectively. The total abundance of MPs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the gut followed by gills and muscle. The sex-wise distribution of average MPs showed high in the females' gut and compared to that in males. Further, the length wise distribution of MPs was higher in the muscle in both male and female fish, followed by other organs. The predominance of MPs in tissues were transparent and blue colour with fibers and fragments in both males and females. Besides, polyethylene terephthalate and nylon were evidenced by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum in all organs of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velusamy Gayathri
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raj Pavithra
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Said Hamid Thangal
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvam Ganapathy
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Perumal Santhanam
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, -620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramanian Radhakrishnan
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Munno K, Hoopes L, Lyons K, Drymon M, Frazier B, Rochman CM. High microplastic and anthropogenic particle contamination in the gastrointestinal tracts of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) caught in the western North Atlantic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123185. [PMID: 38147950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have documented microplastics (<5 mm) in shark gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Here, we report microplastic contamination in the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), an apex predator and generalist feeder, at several different life stages. We examined seven stomachs and one spiral valve from eight individuals captured off the United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts (eastern US) and conducted a literature review of publications reporting anthropogenic debris ingestion in elasmobranchs. Specimens were chemically digested in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and density separated using calcium chloride (CaCl2) before quantifying and categorizing suspected anthropogenic particles (>45 μm) by size, morphology, and colour. Anthropogenic particles were found in the stomachs and spiral valve of all sharks. A total of 3151 anthropogenic particles were observed across all stomachs with 1603 anthropogenic particles observed in a single specimen. A subset of suspected anthropogenic particles (14%) were chemically identified using Raman spectroscopy and μ-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to confirm anthropogenic origin. Overall, ≥95% of particles analyzed via spectroscopy were confirmed anthropogenic, with 45% confirmed as microplastics. Of the microplastics, polypropylene (32%) was the most common polymer. Diverse microparticle morphologies were found, with fragments (57%) and fibers (41%) most frequently observed. The high occurrence and abundance of anthropogenic particle contamination in tiger sharks is likely due to their generalist feeding strategy and high trophic position compared to other marine species. The literature review resulted in 32 studies published through 2022. Several methodologies were employed, and varying amounts of contamination were reported, but none reported contamination as high as detected in our study. Anthropogenic particle ingestion studies should continue in the tiger shark, in addition to other elasmobranch species, to further understand the effects of anthropogenic activities and associated pollution on these predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Munno
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lisa Hoopes
- Georgia Aquarium, IUCN Center for Species Survival, 225 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Kady Lyons
- Georgia Aquarium, IUCN Center for Species Survival, 225 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Marcus Drymon
- Mississippi State University, Coastal Research and Extension Center, 1815 Popps Ferry Road, Biloxi, MS, 39532, USA; Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - Bryan Frazier
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, 217 Ft. Johnson Rd. Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ojeda M, Rimondino GN, Fraysse CP, Cossi PF, Boy CC, Pérez AF. Microplastic ingestion in key fish species of food webs in the Southwest Atlantic (Marine Protected Area Namuncurá / Burdwood Bank). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106827. [PMID: 38159457 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are currently one of the main problems of marine pollution, being found in all environmental matrices. Due to their size, they can be ingested by organisms directly (from the environment) or indirectly (with their prey). The objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence, abundance, concentration, and chemical nature of MPs present in the gastrointestinal tract of two fish species, Patagonotothen guntheri and Patagonotothen ramsayi, both of which are key in the food web of the Marine Protected Area Namuncurá/ Banco Burdwood (MPA N/BB). The analyzed species presented high values of MPs per individual (MPs/ind.) and occurrence compared to other studies. P. guntheri tended to have a lower number of MPs/ind. and occurrence than P. ramsayi (P. guntheri: 2.50 ± 1.93 MPs/ind., 82.50 %; P. ramsayi: 3.93 ± 2.91 MPs/ind., 90.60 %). While fibers were the predominant MPs in both species, P. ramsayi had a greater number of fragments and a greater variety of MPs chemical composition than P. guntheri. The prevailing chemical composition was cellulosic material (cellulose and cellulose mixed with polyamide and polyester). Synthetic fibers and fragments such as polyester (PET), alkyd resin, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyacrylic fiber and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloride) were also found. Although both species have a generalist diet, the differences found may be due to the fact that P. guntheri has benthopelagic feeding habits while P. ramsayi has demersal-benthic. Our study is the first report on the presence and characterization of MPs in organisms relevant to food webs in the Southwest Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinos, CCNAA, Universidad Maimónides - CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Hidalgo 775 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guido N Rimondino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC - CONICET, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia P Fraysse
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, CADIC - CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Paula F Cossi
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinos, CCNAA, Universidad Maimónides - CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Hidalgo 775 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia C Boy
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, CADIC - CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Analía F Pérez
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinos, CCNAA, Universidad Maimónides - CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Hidalgo 775 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zicarelli G, Romano C, Gallo S, Valentino C, Pepe Bellomo V, Leonetti FL, Giglio G, Neri A, Marsili L, Milazzo C, Faggio C, Mancusi C, Sperone E. Diet and Plastic Ingestion in the Blackmouth Catshark Galeus melastomus, Rafinesque 1810, in Italian Waters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061039. [PMID: 36978580 PMCID: PMC10044643 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Galeus melastomus is the most common Pentanchidae in the Mediterranean Sea. A scavenger and opportunistic feeder, and despite the wide distribution, little is known about its feeding habits in Italian waters. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the diet of the blackmouth catshark by analysing the stomach contents. The specimens analysed were obtained from five populations of the Tyrrhenian and of the Ionian Seas, collected from a depth between 40 and 700 m. A total of 259 stomachs were analysed. The stomach contents were grouped into macro-categories and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Crustaceans such as Parapenaeus longirostris, the Cephalopods Heteroteuthis dispar and Onychoteuthis banksii, and Osteichthyes, mostly Myctophidae, were identified. Plastic debris was also found among the stomach contents and classified according to its colour and shape. Osteichthyes represent the most abundant item (44%), above all the Myctophidae family, except for the catshark population from Tuscany, in which the most frequent species were Cephalopods, such as Abralia veranyi and Heteroteuthis dispar. Differences in the plastic debris contents were also observed between the Tuscany population and other populations. These could be explained as a probable consequence of the different depths at which the blackmouth catshark populations were sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zicarelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Samira Gallo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Carmen Valentino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Victor Pepe Bellomo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Luigi Leonetti
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Gianni Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandra Neri
- Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata “G. Bacci” (CIBM), Viale N. Sauro 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena University, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena University, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Concetta Milazzo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancusi
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena University, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Environmental Protection Agency of the Tuscany Region (ARPAT), Via Marradi 114, 57126 Livorno, Italy
| | - Emilio Sperone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984492972
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Sciutteri V, Pedà C, Longo F, Calogero R, Cangemi G, Pagano L, Battaglia P, Nannini M, Romeo T, Consoli P. Integrated approach for marine litter pollution assessment in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea: Information from bottom-trawl fishing and plastic ingestion in deep-sea fish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114661. [PMID: 36708618 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter pollution threatens marine ecosystems and biodiversity conservation, particularly on seafloors where all anthropogenic waste naturally sinks. In this study, we provide new information on the composition, density and origin of seafloor macrolitter as well as on plastic ingestion in deep-sea fish from bottom-trawling by-catch in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Plastic constituted the highest fraction of litter in terms of density (64 %) and weight (32 %) and was also retrieved in the gastrointestinal traits of Chlorophthalmus agassizi, Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus and Hoplosthethus mediterraneus. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis on the seafloor macrolitter and the ingested plastics revealed the presence of artificial polymers including PE, PET/polyester, PA widely used for food packaging, plastic bags and several common products, especially Single Use Plastic (SUP). These results underline how poor waste management schemes or their incorrect application strongly contribute to marine litter accumulation on seafloors and plastic ingestion in deep-sea fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sciutteri
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pedà
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Longo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosario Calogero
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cangemi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pietro Battaglia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
| | - Matteo Nannini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077 Ischia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Consoli
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Ecology and Marine Biotechnology, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
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Piskuła P, Astel AM. Microplastics in Commercial Fishes and By-Catch from Selected FAO Major Fishing Areas of the Southern Baltic Sea. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030458. [PMID: 36766347 PMCID: PMC9913095 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent world wide studies, microplastics (MPs) have been found in many fish species; however, the majority of research has focused only on the gastrointestinal tract, neglecting edible organs. This study aimed to assess the presence of microplastics in the non-edible (gills, digestive tract) and edible organs (liver) of three commercial fish species and twoby-catch species from the southern Baltic Sea. Fish (Clupea harengus, Gadus morhua, Platichthy sflesus, Taurulus baublis, Cyclopterus lumpus) were caught in 108 and 103 FAO Fishing Zones belonging to the Polish fishing zone. The abundanceof MPs ranged from 1 to 12 items per fish, with an average of 4.09 items. MPs were observed in different organs, such as the liver, gills, and digestive tract of all five tested species. MPs recognized as fibers were the most abundant. Other shapes of polymers found in fish organs were pellets and particles of larger plastic pieces. The dominant color of the MPs was blue, but there were also red, black, transparent, yellow, green, and white items found. According to dimensions, dominant MPs were between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in size. The chemical characterization of polymers accomplished by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy demonstrated the abundance of cellophane, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl propionate, polyacrylonitrile, and polyester.
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