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Varamogianni-Mamatsi D, Nunes MJ, Marques V, Anastasiou TI, Kagiampaki E, Vernadou E, Dailianis T, Kalogerakis N, Branco LC, Rodrigues CMP, Sobral RG, Gaudêncio SP, Mandalakis M. Comparative Chemical Profiling and Antimicrobial/Anticancer Evaluation of Extracts from Farmed versus Wild Agelas oroides and Sarcotragus foetidus Sponges. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:612. [PMID: 38132933 PMCID: PMC10744379 DOI: 10.3390/md21120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are highly efficient in removing organic pollutants and their cultivation, adjacent to fish farms, is increasingly considered as a strategy for improving seawater quality. Moreover, these invertebrates produce a plethora of bioactive metabolites, which could translate into an extra profit for the aquaculture sector. Here, we investigated the chemical profile and bioactivity of two Mediterranean species (i.e., Agelas oroides and Sarcotragus foetidus) and we assessed whether cultivated sponges differed substantially from their wild counterparts. Metabolomic analysis of crude sponge extracts revealed species-specific chemical patterns, with A. oroides and S. foetidus dominated by alkaloids and lipids, respectively. More importantly, farmed and wild explants of each species demonstrated similar chemical fingerprints, with the majority of the metabolites showing modest differences on a sponge mass-normalized basis. Furthermore, farmed sponge extracts presented similar or slightly lower antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, compared to the extracts resulting from wild sponges. Anticancer assays against human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) revealed marginally active extracts from both wild and farmed S. foetidus populations. Our study highlights that, besides mitigating organic pollution in fish aquaculture, sponge farming can serve as a valuable resource of biomolecules, with promising potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Varamogianni-Mamatsi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.J.N.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Vanda Marques
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Thekla I. Anastasiou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Eirini Kagiampaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Emmanouela Vernadou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Thanos Dailianis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece;
| | - Luís C. Branco
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.J.N.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion Crete, Greece; (D.V.-M.); (T.I.A.); (E.K.); (E.V.); (T.D.)
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Varamogianni-Mamatsi D, Anastasiou TI, Vernadou E, Kouvarakis N, Kagiampaki E, Kalogerakis N, Dailianis T, Mandalakis M. Uptake of aquaculture-related dissolved organic pollutants by marine sponges: Kinetics and mechanistic insights from a laboratory study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165601. [PMID: 37478929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Besides the release of organic matter from uneaten feed and fish excreta, a considerable amount of deleterious chemicals may also end up into the marine environment from intensive aquaculture. A fraction of these pollutants remains freely dissolved and pose a threat to marine life due to increased bioavailability. Given the filter-feeding ability of sponges, we investigated the capacity of four ubiquitous Mediterranean species (Agelas oroides, Axinella cannabina, Chondrosia reniformis and Sarcotragus foetidus) in removing aquaculture-related dissolved organic pollutants. These included individual chemicals belonging to antibiotics (i.e., oxytetracycline), antifouling biocides (i.e., diuron and Irgarol 1051) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., 2,6-dimethylnapththalene, phenanthrene). The uptake of pollutants was assessed in vitro by exposing small sponge explants to each chemical for a period of 8 h. Additional "cleanup" experiments were performed for complex mixtures mimicking the dissolved organic material encountered in fish farms, such as filtrates of fish feed and excreta. All sponges exhibited a pronounced preference for lipophilic pollutants and a strong positive correlation was revealed between clearance rate and substrate hydrophobicity. Our best filter-feeder (i.e., A. oroides) was able to clear 10.0 ± 1.3 mL of seawater per hour and per gram of sponge, when exposed to 2,6-dimethylnapththalene. Active pumping was found to be the predominant mechanism dictating the assimilation of dissolved pollutants in all sponge species, as it was 3-10 times faster than pollutants' passive adsorption on sponges' pinacoderm. Additionally, the uptaken pollutants were shown to be strongly retained by sponges and they were hardly released back to seawater as a result of desorption or sponge excretory mechanisms. Our study corroborates that sponges are highly efficient in uptaking dissolved organic compounds and it offers new insights into the kinetics and mechanisms ruling this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Varamogianni-Mamatsi
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece
| | - Thekla I Anastasiou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Emmanouela Vernadou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Nikos Kouvarakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Eirini Kagiampaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece
| | - Thanos Dailianis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece.
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Mercurio M, Longo C, Pierri C, Cardone F, Corriero G, Lazic T, Zupa W, Carbonara P. Life-cycle traits in the demosponge Hymeniacidon perlevis in a land-based fish farm. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14685. [PMID: 36855432 PMCID: PMC9968457 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The demosponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is characterized by wide geographic distribution and great adaptability to numerous and highly variable climatic and hydrological conditions. Indeed, the species can colonize many different environments, including several unusual ones, such as concrete drainage conduits of a marine land-based fish farm plant. This research aimed to enhance existing knowledge on the reproductive cycle and growth performance of H. perlevis while also evaluating the impact of a controlled supply of trophic resources, wastewater flow and constant water temperature on these biological traits. Methods Specimens included in this one-year study inhabited drainage conduits of a land-based fish farm. The approach included measurements of sponge biomass and occurrence and abundance of reproductive elements across different seasons and environmental parameters, such as fish biomass, trophic resources, and wastewater flow. Sponge growth and reproductive elements, including oocytes, spermatic cysts, and embryos, were measured monthly in sponges positioned in the drainage conduit, thus with different trophic resources but with constant water temperature. Finally, we used generalized additive models to describe variables that contribute the most to the growth of sponges. Results Growth performance showed marked variations during the study period. The highest increase in sponge volume was observed from August/September to January/March. The volume of sponges was principally determined by the reduction of reared fish biomass and the increase of pellet amount and wastewater flow. Sponge specimens exhibited an active state during the entire study, as proven by the occurrence of recruits. However, sexual elements were only sporadically observed, thus not permitting the recognition of a true sexual cycle. Discussion The results of the present study confirmed that H. perlevis exhibits high flexibility and adaptability to the differential, and somewhat extreme, environmental conditions. Indeed, this species can live, grow and reproduce in the drainage conduits of the fish farm, where the species face constant darkness, water temperature and continuous nutritional supply. In such conditions, H. perlevis display an active state during the entire year, while avoiding stages of decline and long dormancy usually observed in wild populations. It seems plausible that stable environmental conditions induce an almost continuous sexual phase, probably under the control of endogenous factors. No asexual elements were detected, although it was impossible to exclude the contribution of asexual reproduction in the origin of the newly settled sponges, which were repeatedly detected throughout the study. The growth performance seemed linked to the fish farm conditions, thus providing useful indications on the best maintenance conditions for H. perlevis in land-based integrated multitrophic systems, where the species could be used for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mercurio
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Longo
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cataldo Pierri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Frine Cardone
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Zoological Station “Anton Dohrn”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corriero
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Tamara Lazic
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Walter Zupa
- COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Stazione Sperimentale per lo Studio delle Risorse del Mare, Torre a Mare (Bari), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carbonara
- COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Stazione Sperimentale per lo Studio delle Risorse del Mare, Torre a Mare (Bari), Italy
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