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Monteiro A, Rodrigues V, Picado A, Dias JM, Abrantes N, Ré A, Rosa M, Russo M, Barreirinha A, Potiris M, Aghito M, Hänninen R, Majamäki E, Grönholm T, Alyuz U, Sokhi R, Kukkonen J, Jalkanen JP. Holistic evaluation of the environmental impacts of shipping in the sensitive region of Ria de Aveiro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174314. [PMID: 38944305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Shipping activity can be a substantial source of pollution and impact on the environment, including air, water and ecosystems, as well as adverse health and climatic effects. Due to the distribution of maritime transport activity routes in the EU, a large portion of the population is exposed to shipping pollution throughout Europe. The ongoing European project EMERGE aims to investigate and quantify these impacts over Europe, and in more detail, in specific case studies regions. The Aveiro lagoon region in Portugal is one of these case studies. This region is a Natura 2000 area, and also includes a medium-sized port. Both air quality and water modelling tools were applied to assess the impact of the emissions and discharges from shipping (to air and water) in the region in 2018. Additionally, ecotoxicological impacts were determined by bioassays to evaluate the impact of scrubber-water discharges on the most sensitive stages of marine invertebrates, and on the post-exposure feeding inhibition of crustacean and bivalve species. The results show that there was a substantial increase in atmospheric pollutant concentrations due to emissions attributed to shipping, which was most relevant for NOx and SO2 (up to a 30 % shipping contribution). There was no significant degradation of the water quality, mainly as the ships operating in this area did not have scrubber equipment. The ecotoxicological tests were performed with three samples of scrubber water, including one artificial sample and two samples collected on-board ships. If scrubber water would have been discharged in this area, the results indicated that the majority of the tested species would be exposed to lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for the different scrubber-water samples, as well as to substantial concentrations of metals, PAHs, and alkylated PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monteiro
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - V Rodrigues
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Picado
- CESAM, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J M Dias
- CESAM, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Abrantes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Ré
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosa
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Russo
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Barreirinha
- CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Potiris
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Greece
| | - M Aghito
- Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Bergen, Norway; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Hänninen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Majamäki
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Grönholm
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - U Alyuz
- University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - R Sokhi
- University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - J Kukkonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - J-P Jalkanen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Ciocan C, Annels C, Fitzpatrick M, Couceiro F, Steyl I, Bray S. Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) boats and the impact on coastal environment - Evidence of fibreglass ingestion by marine bivalves from natural populations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134619. [PMID: 38754228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Classified as marine debris, man made materials are polluting the world's oceans. Recently, glass reinforced plastic (GRP) has been shown to degrade and contaminate the coasts. In this pioneering study, fibreglass particles have been detected in the soft parts of oysters and mussels collected from natural populations, in front of an active boatyard. The presence of particulate glass, with concentrations up to 11,220 particles/kg ww in Ostrea edulis and 2740 particles/kg ww in Mytilus edulis, was confirmed by micro Raman spectroscopy. The results showed higher accumulation during the winter months, when boat maintenance activities are peaking and, through repair work, the release of glass fibres in the environment is more likely. Bivalves are considered high risk species due to their sessile nature and extensive filter feeding behaviour. The microparticle inclusion may contribute to adverse impacts on physiological processes and eventually to a decline in the overall health and subsequent death of the animal. The high costs involved in the proper GRP disposal and the lack of recycling facilities worldwide lead to boat abandonement and further contamination of the coasts. For the first time this study presents the extensive fibreglass contamination of natural bivalve populations, in a popular South England sailing harbour, designated a biological and geological site of specific scientific interest (SSRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Ciocan
- University of Brighton, School of Applied Sciences, Moulsecoomb Campus, Brighton BN1 4GJ, UK.
| | - Claude Annels
- University of Brighton, School of Applied Sciences, Moulsecoomb Campus, Brighton BN1 4GJ, UK
| | - Megan Fitzpatrick
- University of Brighton, School of Applied Sciences, Moulsecoomb Campus, Brighton BN1 4GJ, UK
| | - Fay Couceiro
- University of Portsmouth, School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK
| | - Ilse Steyl
- Aqass Limited, Netley Abbey, Southampton, UK, SO31 5QA
| | - Simon Bray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building (Building 85), Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Ferreira NGDC, Chessa A, Abreu IO, Teles LO, Kille P, Carvalho AP, Guimarães L. Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT's Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of Triops longicaudatus. TOXICS 2023; 11:937. [PMID: 37999589 PMCID: PMC10675633 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide introduced in the 1960s in antifouling paints. Despite legislation banning its use, its persistence in the environment still causes significant harm to organisms. Tributyltin is a ligand of retinoid X receptors (RXR) and ecdysteroid receptors (EcRs), which in arthropods act as homologs of RXR. Focusing on Metazoan species, this study used genomic and proteomic information from different sources to compare their three-dimensional structure, phylogenetic distribution, and amino acid sequence alterations. The objective was to identify possible patterns that relate organisms' sensitivity to TBT using the species Triops longicaudatus as the basis for the comparisons. The results showed great conservation of this protein across several species when comparing the interaction amino acids described to RXR (an EcR analog) in Homo sapiens. The three-dimensional comparison of RXR showed little conformational variation between different sequences by maintaining the interaction pocket. As for the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) curve, an HC05 = 0.2649 [0.0789-0.7082] µg/L was obtained with no specific distribution between the different taxa. Protein-ligand docking analysis was then used to confirm the SSD curve ranking of species. Still, the results showed an opposite trend that may be related, for example, to differences in the LC50 values used in the calculations. This study serves as the first step for applying bioinformatics techniques to produce information that can be used as an alternative to animal or cellular experimentation. These techniques could be adapted to various chemicals and proteins, allowing for observations in a shorter timeframe and providing information on a broader spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Gonçalo de Carvalho Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Adriano Chessa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Oliveira Abreu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Oliva Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
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Lekshmi NM, Kumar SS, Ashraf PM, Xavier KAM, Prathish KP, Ajay SV, Edwin L, Turner A. Abandonment of fibreglass reinforced plastic fishing boats in Kerala, India, and chemical emissions arising from their burning. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1413. [PMID: 37924359 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Little information exists on the fate and impacts of boats constructed of fibreglass reinforced plastic (FRP) once they reach their end-of-life. In this study, the number of abandoned fishing boats constructed of FRP or constructed of plywood-wood and sheathed by FRP has been determined along the coast of Kerala, India, and chemical emissions have been estimated when boats are burned as a means of disposal. A total of 292 abandoned boats were observed across eight coastal transects constructed around selected landing centres, with abandonment ranging from 13 to 48 per km (average = 29 km-1). This results in the generation of 1420 kg of FRP debris (glass mat and epoxy resin) per km of coastline. A controlled combustion experiment, simulating open burning, revealed that 63% of original boat mass is emitted to the atmosphere, with the remainder forming a burnt residue. Total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans emitted and remaining were found to be 2.6 ng Nm-3 and 249.6 μg kg-1, respectively, with respective calculated toxicity equivalence (TEQ) levels of 437.6 pg TEQ Nm-3 in air emissions and 26.6 μg TEQ kg-1 in the residue. These figures are equivalent to the total emission from FRP boat burning of about 17,000 μg TEQ t-1. Burning also generates significant quantities of potentially toxic metals, with resulting concentrations of Co, Cr and Cu close to or exceeding soil guideline values. The study calls for a greater awareness of the impacts arising from boat abandonment and burning amongst fishermen, and guidelines or regulatory protocols regarding safe and sustainable boat disposal or recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manju Lekshmi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, - 682029, India.
| | - Sreejith S Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, - 682029, India
| | - P Muhamed Ashraf
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, - 682029, India
| | - K A Martin Xavier
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, - 682029, India
| | - K P Prathish
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, - 695019, India
| | - S V Ajay
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, - 695019, India
| | - Leela Edwin
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, - 682029, India
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Carrasco Navas-Parejo JC, Papaspyrou S, Haro S, Caballero de Frutos I, Corzo A. Trophic status of a coastal lagoon - marine harbor system: Potential outwelling rates to the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef southern region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163202. [PMID: 37023814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is still a serious problem in many coastal areas, including the tropics, where river discharges of nutrients is usually high. The ecological stability and ecosystem services of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS), the world's second-largest coral reef system, suffer a generalized impact by riverine discharge of sediment and organic and inorganic nutrients, which may lead to coastal eutrophication and a coral-macroalgal phase shift. However, few data exist on the MRBS coastal zone status, particularly in Honduras. Here, two in situ sampling campaigns were carried out (May 2017 and January 2018) in the Alvarado Lagoon and Puerto Cortés Bay (Honduras). Measurements included water column nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chla), particulate organic and inorganic matter and net community metabolism, completed with satellite images analysis. The lagoon and bay environments are ecologically different systems and present different sensitivities to seasonal changes in precipitation as shown by the multivariate analysis. Nonetheless, net community production and respiration rates were neither different spatially, nor seasonally. In addition, both environments were highly eutrophic as shown by the TRIX index. Thus, the Puerto Cortés system represents an important source of dissolved nutrients and particulate matter to the coastal zone. Even though offshore, water quality, based on estimated outwelling rates from the Puerto Cortés system to the coastal waters of the southern MRBS region, improved considerably, concentrations of Chla and nutrients remained higher than those typically measured in non-polluted coral reefs in the Caribbean region and the suggested threshold values. In situ monitoring and assessment of these aspects are crucial to evaluate the ecological functioning of and threats on the MBRS, and elaborate and implement adequate policies for integrated management given its regional and global importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Carrasco Navas-Parejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Coastal and Marine Research, Los Profesores, Main street, Tela, Atlántida, Honduras
| | - Sokratis Papaspyrou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigacion Marina, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Sara Haro
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute |University of Galway, Ireland, H91 TK33
| | - Isabel Caballero de Frutos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alfonso Corzo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigacion Marina, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain
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Ganesan M, Mani R, Sai S, Kasivelu G, Awasthi MK, Rajagopal R, Wan Azelee NI, Selvi PK, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Bioremediation by oil degrading marine bacteria: An overview of supplements and pathways in key processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134956. [PMID: 35588873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil spillage is one of the most common pollutants which brings greater economic loss and damage to the environment. The intensity and amount of the damage may vary depending on factors such as the type of oil, the location of the spill, and the climatic parameters in the area. As for any pollution management, the guidelines are Reduce, Re-use, Recover and Disposal. Amongst the other remediation processes, Bioremediation is amongst the most significant environmentally friendly and cost-effective approaches for marine biological restoration because it allows complex petroleum hydrocarbons in spilt oil to decompose completely into harmless compounds. Mainly, the necessity and essence of bioremediation were talked about. This review discussed the bacteria identified which are capable of degrading various oil related pollutants and their components. Also, it covered the various media components used for screening and growing the oil degrading bacteria and the pathways that are associated with oil degradation. This article also reviewed the recent research carried out related to the oil degrading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirunalini Ganesan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, ESTC Cell Marine Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Mani
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, ESTC Cell Marine Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakthinarenderan Sai
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, ESTC Cell Marine Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindaraju Kasivelu
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, ESTC Cell Marine Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - P K Selvi
- Central Pollution Control Board, Nisarga Bhawan, Shivanagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Logemann A, Reininghaus M, Schmidt M, Ebeling A, Zimmermann T, Wolschke H, Friedrich J, Brockmeyer B, Pröfrock D, Witt G. Assessing the chemical anthropocene - Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119040. [PMID: 35202763 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The North Sea and its coastal zones are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in significant chemical pollution ever since the beginning of the industrialization in Europe during the 19th century. In order to assess the chemical Anthropocene, natural archives, such as sediment cores, can serve as a valuable data source to reconstruct historical emission trends and to verify the effectiveness of changing environmental legislation. In this study, we investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutant groups analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Seas' main sedimentation area (Skagerrak). We thereby develop a chemical pollution fingerprint that records the constant input of pollutants over time and illustrates their continued great relevance for the present. Additionally, samples were radiometrically dated and PAH and PCB levels in porewater were determined using equilibrium passive sampling. Furthermore, we elucidated the origin of lead (Pb) contamination utilizing non-traditional stable isotopic analysis. Our results reveal three main findings: 1. for all organic contaminant groups covered (PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFASs) as well as the elements lead (Pb) and titanium (Ti), determined concentrations decreased towards more recent deposited sediment. These decreasing trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans and therefor our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. 2. concentration trends for ΣPAH and ΣPCB measured in porewater correspond well with the ones found in sediment which suggests that this method can be a useful expansion to traditional bulk sediment analysis to determine the biologically available pollutant fraction. 3. Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher in younger sediment layers, potentially caused by emissions of corroded warfare material disposed in the study area after WW II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Logemann
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Reininghaus
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033, Hamburg, Germany; RWTH University Aachen, Department of Ecosystem Analysis (ESA), Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - A Ebeling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zimmermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - H Wolschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - J Friedrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Carbon Cycles, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - B Brockmeyer
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - G Witt
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
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Martínez-Vázquez RM, Milán-García J, De Pablo Valenciano J. Challenges and opportunities for the future of recreational boat scrapping: The Spanish case. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113557. [PMID: 35397344 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recreational boating is a leisure and sports activity that has aroused growing interest among users, tourists, and the general public. However, in the last decade, a problem has arisen concerning the abandonment of recreational boats. It is a problem that has become even more acute in times of economic recession. It is, therefore, necessary to find an urgent solution in order to reduce potential environmental risks. This work aims to analyze the state of the question through bibliometrics to know which topics are trending and contrast these findings with a Delphi analysis. The main results focus on the need for greater agility in the court adjudication process and the need for a specific legal framework for the scrapping of recreational craft. In conclusion, it is vital to integrate the circular economy into shipbuilding and scrapping processes to ensure the sustainability of the sector and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Milán-García
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Almería, Ctra. De Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Jaime De Pablo Valenciano
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Almería, Ctra. De Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Ghasemi M, Keshavarzifard M. Are the tourist beaches safe for swimming? A case study of health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tourist beaches of Bushehr City. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:398. [PMID: 35488981 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present research were to evaluate the health risk of long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concerning the human, ecotoxicological risk for marine biota, and identify their possible sources. Surface sediment bioassay samples were collected from 15 stations of tourist beaches surrounding Bushehr City and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated the concentrations of ∑PAH ranged from 193.5 to 725.5 ng g-1 with mean value of 351.1 ± 155.2 ng g-1, which could be considered as moderate level of pollution. Measured levels of PAH in sediments were compared with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), indicating low to medium ecotoxicological risk on marine organisms. Moreover, mean ERM quotient (M-ERM-Q) and mean PEL quotient (M-PEL-Q) were implemented, demonstrating potentially biological adverse effects. A preliminary evaluation of human health risk using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) indicated that PAH-contaminated sediment in some stations of touristic beaches of Bushehr City would induce potential carcinogenic effects especially for children. Composition and diagnostic analysis indicated that PAHs originated from both pyrogenic and petrogenic, with higher portion of incomplete combustion PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Ghasemi
- Department of Geography and Tourism Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 75169-89177, Bushehr, Iran.
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Ship traffic connects Antarctica's fragile coasts to worldwide ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110303118. [PMID: 35012982 PMCID: PMC8784123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110303118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ship movements related to fishing, tourism, research, and supply expose the Antarctic continent to human impacts. Until now, only rough estimates or industry-specific information have been available to inform evidence-based policy to mitigate the introduction of nonnative marine species. Antarctica’s Southern Ocean supports a unique biota and represents the only global marine region without any known biological invasions. However, climate change is removing physiological barriers to potential invasive nonnative species and increasing ship activities are raising propagule pressure. The successful conservation of iconic Antarctic species and environments relies on addressing both climate change and direct, localized human impact. We have identified high-risk areas for introduced species and provide essential data that will underpin better evidence-based management in the region. Antarctica, an isolated and long considered pristine wilderness, is becoming increasingly exposed to the negative effects of ship-borne human activity, and especially the introduction of invasive species. Here, we provide a comprehensive quantitative analysis of ship movements into Antarctic waters and a spatially explicit assessment of introduction risk for nonnative marine species in all Antarctic waters. We show that vessels traverse Antarctica’s isolating natural barriers, connecting it directly via an extensive network of ship activity to all global regions, especially South Atlantic and European ports. Ship visits are more than seven times higher to the Antarctic Peninsula (especially east of Anvers Island) and the South Shetland Islands than elsewhere around Antarctica, together accounting for 88% of visits to Southern Ocean ecoregions. Contrary to expectations, we show that while the five recognized “Antarctic Gateway cities” are important last ports of call, especially for research and tourism vessels, an additional 53 ports had vessels directly departing to Antarctica from 2014 to 2018. We identify ports outside Antarctica where biosecurity interventions could be most effectively implemented and the most vulnerable Antarctic locations where monitoring programs for high-risk invaders should be established.
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11
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Lušić J, Cvitković I, Despalatović M, Žunec A, Žuljević A. Mediterranean fanworm, Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791), as a potential biomonitor of trace metal pollution in the marine environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132123. [PMID: 34509760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Levels of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Zn) were measured in soft tissues and external tubes of the Mediterranean fanworm, Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791), to evaluate its suitability as a biomonitor of metal pollution. Study was conducted in the coastal area of the eastern Adriatic Sea. Polychaetes were collected from two locations, a site located in a local marina and an unpolluted control site. Results indicate that S. spallanzanii has the capacity to accumulate metals in soft tissues as well as in tubes. The levels of most metals were considerably higher in tubes compared to soft tissues, indicating long-term accumulation of metals in tubes. High levels of several metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb and Fe), found in soft tissues and tubes sampled at the marina site, reflect the elevated contaminant levels in the marina, associated with the use of antifouling agents, paints, petrol additives, and ship maintenance activities. Metal concentrations in tissues and tubes generally decreased with size, indicating the influence of growth and metabolic rates on trace metal uptake. Trace metal levels found in S. spallanzanii tissues were comparable to the levels found in Mytilus galloprovincialis, a species commonly used in biomonitoring studies, in areas exposed to similar levels of anthropogenic stressors. According to the results of the present study, S. spallanzanii has been identified as a suitable biomonitor of metal pollution due to its sedentary nature, widespread distribution, abundance and the ability to accumulate high levels of metals within its tissues and tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lušić
- Laboratory for Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Cvitković
- Laboratory for Benthos, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Marija Despalatović
- Laboratory for Benthos, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Žunec
- Laboratory for Benthos, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Žuljević
- Laboratory for Benthos, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
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12
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Abstract
In this study, we analysed the sea pollution caused by sewage from vessels. The Dubrovnik aquatorium was chosen as a typical sea area that accommodates a variety of vessels in different locations. We sampled the sea at eight different coastal locations over 14 months and then analysed the samples to determine the presence of the indicators of fecal pollution. Simultaneous with the sampling of the sea, we recorded the number and type of vessels accommodated at the port. These data were applied in chi-square tests, which were used to determine the existence of the relationship of certain types of vessels with fecal coliform bacteria in the sea for each location. The correlation was determined between smaller vessels such as boats, yachts, megayachts, and smaller cruise ships in national navigation with bacteria at sea at the sampling locations. The results can provide an improved understanding of sea pollution due to sewage from vessels.
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13
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Vantola R, Luoma E, Parviainen T, Lehikoinen A. Sustainability manifesting as a multi-material and -sited network effect: How boat-sourced sewage management facilities serve as governance artefacts advancing sustainability in nautical tourism. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113114. [PMID: 34749114 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marinas are a part of coastal areas' touristic appeal, but also hotspots for boat-sourced pollution. Considering the manifestation of sustainability in marina operation, we utilize actor-network theory (ANT) in demonstrating a conceptual systems analysis on boat-sourced sewage management (BSSM) as one important socio-eco-technical sub-system of sustainable nautical tourism. We describe a multi-material collective of dynamically interacting human and non-human entities to understand how and under what conditions BSSM facilities advance the sustainability of marina operation. Our analysis insightfully uncovers BSSM facilities as both core marina services and governance artefacts and reveals that managing boat-sourced sewage successfully is an outcome of a multi-sited network of heterogeneous elements that together enable both sustainable boating practices and marina operation. We suggest the presented ANT-based systemic thinking has potential for providing novel perspectives to sustainability analyses in diverse tourism-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renne Vantola
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PL 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland; Kotka Maritime Research Centre, Keskuskatu 7, FI-48100 Kotka, Finland
| | - Emilia Luoma
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PL 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Kotka Maritime Research Centre, Keskuskatu 7, FI-48100 Kotka, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tuuli Parviainen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PL 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Kotka Maritime Research Centre, Keskuskatu 7, FI-48100 Kotka, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Lehikoinen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PL 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Kotka Maritime Research Centre, Keskuskatu 7, FI-48100 Kotka, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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On the Emergence of Sociotechnical Regimes of Electric Urban Water Transit Systems. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14196111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban activities, including urban mobility, play a crucial role in climate change mitigation. Urban mobility is currently at a crossroads. In a business as usual scenario, CO2 emissions from urban transportation will grow by one fourth by 2050. Nevertheless, during this period, it may drop by about one third. To make the drop happen, we need to introduce comprehensive policies and measures. Electrifying urban transit is one feasible solution. This study investigates whether and how urban water transit systems have been electrified—a means of transport which has not been well researched in this respect. A multilevel perspective and the comparative case study method were employed to answer the research questions. The comprehensive study focussed on 24 cities representing the current experience in planning and operating water transport, based mainly on secondary, primarily qualitative, data, such as industry reports, feasibility studies, urban policies, and scientific papers. The primary outcome is that urban electric passenger ferries left their market niches and triggered a radical innovation, diffusing into mainstream markets. However, urban diversity results in various paths to electrification, due to the system’s physical characteristics, local climate and transport policies, manufacturing capacity, green city branding, and the innovativeness of international ferry operators. Three dominant transition pathways were identified—a comprehensive carbon neutral policy, a transport sector policy, and a research and development policy. From a multilevel perspective, cities can be considered a bridge between niches and regimes that provide the actual conditions for implementing sociotechnical configurations.
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15
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The Impact of Nautical Activities on the Environment—A Systematic Review of Research. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As nautical tourism and recreational activities involving boats have become highly popular, research interest on various effects of nautical tourism is also increasing. This paper aims to analyze the main scientific contributions in the field of nautical tourism and its impact on the environment. The focus of the analysis is on the methods used to estimate and model recreational boating activities. Since nautical tourism plays a crucial role in the context of the growth and development of the economy, it is necessary to consider the environmental component of its development. The background objective of the paper is to provide a representation of environmental descriptors, i.e., to highlight in particular the environmental impact of nautical tourism. A search on the Web of Science Core Collection, touching on this topic, is composed of scientific papers published in the period 2010–2021. The papers examined are divided into five categories according to the impact of nautical tourism they study: Environmental, Economic, Social, Technical or Other. The results show that most papers were published in the area of environmental impacts of nautical tourism, with most papers examining invasive species, antifouling and impacts on species. The analysis showed that the negative impacts were mainly studied individually. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the scientific publications, a basic recommendation is given for the construction of a model to estimate recreational boating activities and its impact on the environment.
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16
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Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis for Industrial Application of LNG Bunkering: A Comparison of Japan and South Korea. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From January 2020, the International Maritime Organization has regulated ship emissions to reduce sulfur content. As an alternative to this, LNG bunkering was proposed, and infrastructure and ships were deployed. Therefore, we used analytic hierarchy process AHP techniques to determine optimal methods of LNG bunkering for shipyard safety. First, we conducted a literature survey on the concept and type of LNG bunkering, global LNG bunkering trends, and features of Japan and South Korea cases and compared them. Thereafter, an expert survey was conducted, and survey data was analyzed using AHP techniques. Finally, we derived optimal methods applicable to shipyard industry. The analytical results revealed that the derived priority of the optimal LNG bunkering method of shipyard was in the order of the STS method, TTS method, and the PTS method. The result of this study can serve as a theoretical basis to make LNG bunkering safer and more economical in shipyards to prepare for the expansion of demand of LNG-fueled ships and LNG. However, this study inevitably has limitations of ranking reversals paradox as it was conducted by experts, assuming no weights to STS, TTS, or PTS.
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