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Zamree ND, Puasa NA, Lim ZS, Wong CY, Shaharuddin NA, Zakaria NN, Merican F, Convey P, Ahmad S, Shaari H, Azmi AA, Ahmad SA, Zulkharnain A. The Utilisation of Antarctic Microalgae Isolated from Paradise Bay (Antarctic Peninsula) in the Bioremediation of Diesel. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2536. [PMID: 37447097 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Research has confirmed that the utilisation of Antarctic microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi, in the bioremediation of diesel may provide practical alternative approaches. However, to date there has been very little attention towards Antarctic microalgae as potential hydrocarbon degraders. Therefore, this study focused on the utilisation of an Antarctic microalga in the bioremediation of diesel. The studied microalgal strain was originally obtained from a freshwater ecosystem in Paradise Bay, western Antarctic Peninsula. When analysed in systems with and without aeration, this microalgal strain achieved a higher growth rate under aeration. To maintain the growth of this microalga optimally, a conventional one-factor-at a-time (OFAT) analysis was also conducted. Based on the optimized parameters, algal growth and diesel degradation performance was highest at pH 7.5 with 0.5 mg/L NaCl concentration and 0.5 g/L of NaNO3 as a nitrogen source. This currently unidentified microalga flourished in the presence of diesel, with maximum algal cell numbers on day 7 of incubation in the presence of 1% v/v diesel. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents of the culture were greatest on day 9 of incubation. The diesel degradation achieved was 64.5% of the original concentration after 9 days. Gas chromatography analysis showed the complete mineralisation of C7-C13 hydrocarbon chains. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that strain WCY_AQ5_3 fully degraded the hydrocarbon with bioabsorption of the products. Morphological and molecular analyses suggested that this spherical, single-celled green microalga was a member of the genus Micractinium. The data obtained confirm that this microalga is a suitable candidate for further research into the degradation of diesel in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Diyanah Zamree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aini Puasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zheng Syuen Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiew-Yen Wong
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Zakaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa 7750000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasrizal Shaari
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Alyza Azzura Azmi
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azham Zulkharnain
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
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Chen F, Qian J, He Y, Leng Y, Zhou W. Could Chlorella pyrenoidosa be exploited as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed? A study on the nutritional values and anti-nutritional factors. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1069760. [PMID: 36570144 PMCID: PMC9768438 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1069760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work attempted to identify if microalgal biomass can be utilized as an alternative nutrition source in aquaculture feed by analyzing its nutritional value and the anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). The results showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa contained high-value nutrients, including essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The protein content in C. pyrenoidosa reached 52.4%, suggesting that microalgal biomass can be a good protein source for aquatic animals. We also discovered that C. pyrenoidosa contained some ANFs, including saponin, phytic acid, and tannins, which may negatively impact fish productivity. The high-molecular-weight proteins in microalgae may not be effectively digested by aquatic animals. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, proper measures should be taken to pretreat microalgal biomass to improve the nutritional value of a microalgae-based fish diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Jun Qian
| | - Yu He
- Xinjiang Rao River Hydrological and Water Resources Monitoring Center, Shangrao, China
| | - Yunyue Leng
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Wenguang Zhou
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Kanaga S, Silambarasan T, Malini E, Mangayarkarasi S, Dhandapani R. Optimization of biomass production from Chlorella vulgaris by response surface methodology and study of the fatty acid profile for biodiesel production: A green approach. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tamil Selvan S, Dakshinamoorthi BM, Chandrasekaran R, Muthusamy S, Ramamurthy D, Balasundaram S. Integrating eco-technological approach for textile dye effluent treatment and carbon dioxide capturing from unicellular microalga Chlorella vulgaris RDS03: a synergistic method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:466-482. [PMID: 35790387 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale treatment method was used in the present study to test the biosorption of textile dye from textile effluent and carbon dioxide using Chlorella vulgaris RDS03. The textile dye effluent treatment achieved that textile dye biosorption capacity (qmax) rate of 98.84% on 15 days of treatment using Chlorella vulgaris RDS03. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm kinetics model indicated that the higher R2 value 0.98. The microalga Chlorella vulgaris RDS03 was captured-96.86% of CO2 analyzed by CO2 utilization and biofixation kinetics, 4.65 mgmL-1 of biomass, 189.26 mgg-1 of carbohydrate, 233.89 mgg-1 of lipid, 4.3 mLg-1 of bioethanol and 4.9 mLg-1 of biodiesel produced. We performed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). We found 40 types of biodiesel compounds, specifically myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) validated and analyzed the produced bioethanol.Novelty of the Research• Unicellular microalga Chlorella vulgaris RDS03 was isolated from the freshwater region and investigated their biosorption efficiency against hazardous synthetic azo textile dyes.• Chlorella vulgaris RDS03 ability to biosorption 96.86% of environmental polluted carbon dioxide• Treated biomass was used to produce ecofriendly, unpolluted and green energy such as biofuels (biodiesel and bioethanol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silambarasan Tamil Selvan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (DU), Salem, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sendilkumar Balasundaram
- Department of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (DU), Salem, India
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Poulhazan A, Dickwella Widanage MC, Muszyński A, Arnold AA, Warschawski DE, Azadi P, Marcotte I, Wang T. Identification and Quantification of Glycans in Whole Cells: Architecture of Microalgal Polysaccharides Described by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19374-19388. [PMID: 34735142 PMCID: PMC8630702 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms widely distributed in nature and serve as a sustainable source of bioproducts. Their carbohydrate components are also promising candidates for bioenergy production and bioremediation, but the structural characterization of these heterogeneous polymers in cells remains a formidable problem. Here we present a widely applicable protocol for identifying and quantifying the glycan content using magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy, with validation from glycosyl linkage and composition analysis deduced from mass-spectrometry (MS). Two-dimensional 13C-13C correlation ssNMR spectra of a uniformly 13C-labeled green microalga Parachlorella beijerinckii reveal that starch is the most abundant polysaccharide in a naturally cellulose-deficient strain, and this polymer adopts a well-organized and highly rigid structure in the cell. Some xyloses are present in both the mobile and rigid domains of the cell wall, with their chemical shifts partially aligned with the flat-ribbon 2-fold xylan identified in plants. Surprisingly, most other carbohydrates are largely mobile, regardless of their distribution in glycolipids or cell walls. These structural insights correlate with the high digestibility of this cellulose-deficient strain, and the in-cell ssNMR methods will facilitate the investigations of other economically important algae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poulhazan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | | | - Artur Muszyński
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alexandre A. Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Dror E. Warschawski
- Laboratoire
des Biomolécules, LBM, CNRS UMR 7203,
Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure,
PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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