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Horning AL, Koury SS, Meachum M, Kuehn KA, Hoeksema JD. Dirt cheap: an experimental test of controls on resource exchange in an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:987-998. [PMID: 36346200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To distinguish among hypotheses on the importance of resource-exchange ratios in outcomes of mutualisms, we measured resource (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)) transfers and their ratios, between Pinus taeda seedlings and two ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal species, Rhizopogon roseolus and Pisolithus arhizus in a laboratory experiment. We evaluated how ambient light affected those resource fluxes and ratios over three time periods (10, 20, and 30 wk) and the consequences for plant and fungal biomass accrual, in environmental chambers. Our results suggest that light availability is an important factor driving absolute fluxes of N, P, and C, but not exchange ratios, although its effects vary among EM fungal species. Declines in N : C and P : C exchange ratios over time, as soil nutrient availability likely declined, were consistent with predictions of biological market models. Absolute transfer of P was an important predictor of both plant and fungal biomass, consistent with the excess resource-exchange hypothesis, and N transfer to plants was positively associated with fungal biomass. Altogether, light effects on resource fluxes indicated mixed support for various theoretical frameworks, while results on biomass accrual better supported the excess resource-exchange hypothesis, although among-species variability is in need of further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Horning
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Stephanie S Koury
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5018, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-0001, USA
| | - Mariah Meachum
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Kevin A Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5018, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-0001, USA
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Growth enhancement in containerized Pinus gerardiana seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Piculell BJ, José Martínez-García P, Nelson CD, Hoeksema JD. Association mapping of ectomycorrhizal traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2088-2099. [PMID: 30632641 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand how diverse mutualisms coevolve and how species adapt to complex environments, a description of the underlying genetic basis of the traits involved must be provided. For example, in diverse coevolving mutualisms, such as the interaction of host plants with a suite of symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi, a key question is whether host plants can coevolve independently with multiple species of symbionts, which depends on whether those interactions are governed independently by separate genes or pleiotropically by shared genes. To provide insight into this question, we employed an association mapping approach in a clonally replicated field experiment of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to identify genetic components of host traits governing ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses (mycorrhizal traits). The relative abundances of different EM fungi as well as the total number of root tips per cm root colonized by EM fungi were analyzed as separate mycorrhizal traits of loblolly pine. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes of loblolly pine were associated with loblolly pine mycorrhizal traits, mapped to the loblolly pine genome, and their putative protein function obtained when available. The results support the hypothesis that ectomycorrhiza formation is governed by host genes of large effect that apparently have independent influences on host interactions with different symbiont species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget J Piculell
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.,Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - C Dana Nelson
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, Saucier, Mississippi.,Forest Health Research and Education Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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Rasmussen AL, Brewer JS, Jackson CR, Hoeksema JD. Tree thinning and fire affect ectomycorrhizal fungal communities and enzyme activities. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann L. Rasmussen
- Department of Biology University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677‐1848 USA
| | - J. Stephen Brewer
- Department of Biology University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677‐1848 USA
| | - Colin R. Jackson
- Department of Biology University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677‐1848 USA
| | - Jason D. Hoeksema
- Department of Biology University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677‐1848 USA
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Meng X, Li M, Mu L, Lei J, Sui X. Conversion from natural wetlands to forestland and farmland alters the composition of soil fungal communities in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1459208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiangxinyue Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Bioresources, Institute of Nature & Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, PR China
- Department of Forest Plant Resource, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Liqiang Mu
- Department of Forest Plant Resource, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jingpin Lei
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Restoration Ecology, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, PR China
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Rúa MA, Wilson EC, Steele S, Munters AR, Hoeksema JD, Frank AC. Associations between Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacterial Needle Endophytes in Pinus radiata: Implications for Biotic Selection of Microbial Communities. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:399. [PMID: 27065966 PMCID: PMC4815291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the ecological and evolutionary relationships between plants and their associated microbes have long been focused on single microbes, or single microbial guilds, but in reality, plants associate with a diverse array of microbes from a varied set of guilds. As such, multitrophic interactions among plant-associated microbes from multiple guilds represent an area of developing research, and can reveal how complex microbial communities are structured around plants. Interactions between coniferous plants and their associated microbes provide a good model system for such studies, as conifers host a suite of microorganisms including mutualistic ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and foliar bacterial endophytes. To investigate the potential role ECM fungi play in structuring foliar bacterial endophyte communities, we sampled three isolated, native populations of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), and used constrained analysis of principal coordinates to relate the community matrices of the ECM fungi and bacterial endophytes. Our results suggest that ECM fungi may be important factors for explaining variation in bacterial endophyte communities but this effect is influenced by population and environmental characteristics, emphasizing the potential importance of other factors - biotic or abiotic - in determining the composition of bacterial communities. We also classified ECM fungi into categories based on known fungal traits associated with substrate exploration and nutrient mobilization strategies since variation in these traits allows the fungi to acquire nutrients across a wide range of abiotic conditions and may influence the outcome of multi-species interactions. Across populations and environmental factors, none of the traits associated with fungal foraging strategy types significantly structured bacterial assemblages, suggesting these ECM fungal traits are not important for understanding endophyte-ECM interactions. Overall, our results suggest that both biotic species interactions and environmental filtering are important for structuring microbial communities but emphasize the need for more research into these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Rúa
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, OxfordMS, USA
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleTN, USA
| | - Emily C. Wilson
- Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, MercedCA, USA
| | - Sarah Steele
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, OxfordMS, USA
| | - Arielle R. Munters
- Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, MercedCA, USA
| | | | - Anna C. Frank
- Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, MercedCA, USA
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Scandellari F. Special Issue: Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sensitive Environments. J Fungi (Basel) 2015; 1:168-172. [PMID: 29376906 PMCID: PMC5753108 DOI: 10.3390/jof1020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this special issue is to understand whether and how mycorrhizal symbiosis can be included as an agriculture and agroforestry tool that promotes more environmentally friendly practices, and whether it promotes the protection of sensitive areas. Three papers are included in this special issue, each dealing with a different sensitive environment. These papers present fundamental aspects that should be taken into account when planning or reporting studies related to mycorrhizal fungi in sensitive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scandellari
- Francesca Scandellari, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen Piazza Università 5, Bolzano-Bozen I-39100, Italy.
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