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Maj W, Pertile G, Różalska S, Skic K, Frąc M. The role of food preservatives in shaping metabolic profile and chemical sensitivity of fungi - an extensive study on crucial mycological food contaminants from the genus Neosartorya (Aspergillus spp.). Food Chem 2024; 453:139583. [PMID: 38772305 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Food preservatives are crucial in fruit production, but fungal resistance is a challenge. The main objective was to compare the sensitivity of Neosartorya spp. isolates to preservatives used in food security applications and to assess the role of metabolic properties in shaping Neosartorya spp. resistance. Sodium metabisulfite, potassium sorbate, sodium bisulfite and sorbic acid showed inhibitory effects, with sodium metabisulfite the most effective. Tested metabolic profiles included fungal growth intensity and utilization of amines and amides, amino acids, polymers, carbohydrates and carboxylic acids. Significant decreases in the utilization of all tested organic compound guilds were observed after fungal exposure to food preservatives compared to the control. Although the current investigation was limited in the number of predominately carbohydrate substrates and the breadth of metabolic responses, extensive sensitivity panels are logical step in establishing a course of action against spoilage agents in food production being important approach for innovative food chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Maj
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Giorgia Pertile
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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Ren J, Wang YM, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Zhai HC, Wei S, Ma PA, Hu YS. Terpinen-4-ol from tea tree oil prevents Aspergillus flavus growth in postharvest wheat grain. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110741. [PMID: 38733636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) have gained increasing attention for their role in preventing fungal spoilage and insect contamination in postharvest agro-products owing to their effectiveness and sustainability. In this study, the essential oil was extracted from fresh M. alternifolia (tea tree) leaves, and the fumigation vapor of tea tree oil (TTO) completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus on agar plates at a concentration of 1.714 μL/mL. Terpinen-4-ol was identified as the major component (40.76 %) of TTO volatiles analyzed using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Terpinen-4-ol vapor completely inhibited the A. flavus growth on agar plates and 20 % moisture wheat grain at 0.556 and 1.579 μL/mL, respectively, indicating that terpinen-4-ol serves as the main antifungal constituent in TTO volatiles. The minimum inhibitory concentration of terpinen-4-ol in liquid-contact culture was 1.6 μL/mL. Terpinen-4-ol treatment caused depressed, wrinkled, and punctured mycelial morphology and destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of A. flavus. Metabolomics analysis identified significant alterations in 93 metabolites, with 79 upregulated and 14 downregulated in A. flavus mycelia exposed to 1.6 μL/mL terpinen-4-ol for 6 h, involved in multiple cellular processes including cell membrane permeability and integrity, the ABC transport system, pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Biochemical analysis and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining showed that terpinen-4-ol induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in A. flavus mycelia. This study provides new insights into the antifungal effects of the main TTO volatile compounds terpinen-4-ol on the growth of A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Chen Zhai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-An Ma
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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3
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Kawatomi K, Morita Y, Katakura Y, Takegawa K, Berepiki A, Higuchi Y. Live cell imaging of β-tubulin mRNA reveals spatiotemporal expression dynamics in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13797. [PMID: 38877139 PMCID: PMC11178776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In filamentous fungi, microtubules are important for polar growth and morphological maintenance and serve as rails for intracellular trafficking. The molecular mechanisms associated with microtubules have been analyzed. However, little is known about when and where tubulin, a component of microtubules, is biosynthesized in multinuclear and multicellular filamentous fungi. In this study, we visualized microtubules based on the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-labeled α-tubulin and β-tubulin mRNA tagged by the EGFP-mediated MS2 system in living yellow Koji mold Aspergillus oryzae cells in order to understand the spatiotemporal production mechanism of tubulin. We found that mRNA of btuA, encoding for β-tubulin, localized at dot-like structures through the apical, middle and basal regions of the hyphal cells. In addition, some btuA mRNA dots showed microtubule-dependent motor protein-like dynamics in the cells. Furthermore, it was found that btuA mRNA dots were decreased in the cytoplasm just before mitosis but increased immediately after mitosis, followed by a gradual decrease. In summary, the localization and abundance of β-tubulin mRNA is spatiotemporally regulated in living A. oryzae hyphal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishu Kawatomi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Morita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Morita Y, Takegawa K, Collins BM, Higuchi Y. Polarity-dependent expression and localization of secretory glucoamylase mRNA in filamentous fungal cells. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127653. [PMID: 38422859 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In multinuclear and multicellular filamentous fungi little is known about how mRNAs encoding secreted enzymes are transcribed and localized spatiotemporally. To better understand this process we analyzed mRNA encoding GlaA, a glucoamylase secreted in large amounts by the industrial filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, by the MS2 system, in which mRNA can be visualized in living cells. We found that glaA mRNA was significantly transcribed and localized near the hyphal tip and septum, which are the sites of protein secretion, in polarity-dependent expression and localization manners. We also revealed that glaA mRNA exhibits long-range dynamics in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a manner that is dependent on the microtubule motor proteins kinesin-1 and kinesin-3, but independent of early endosomes. Moreover, we elucidated that although glaA mRNA localized to stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) under high temperature, glaA mRNA was not seen under ER stress, suggesting that there are different regulatory mechanisms of glaA mRNA by SG and PB under high temperature and ER stress. Collectively, this study uncovers a dynamic regulatory mechanism of mRNA encoding a secretory enzyme in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Brett M Collins
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Sun Z, Wu Y, Long S, Feng S, Jia X, Hu Y, Ma M, Liu J, Zeng B. Aspergillus oryzae as a Cell Factory: Research and Applications in Industrial Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:248. [PMID: 38667919 PMCID: PMC11051239 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae, a biosafe strain widely utilized in bioproduction and fermentation technology, exhibits a robust hydrolytic enzyme secretion system. Therefore, it is frequently employed as a cell factory for industrial enzyme production. Moreover, A. oryzae has the ability to synthesize various secondary metabolites, such as kojic acid and L-malic acid. Nevertheless, the complex secretion system and protein expression regulation mechanism of A. oryzae pose challenges for expressing numerous heterologous products. By leveraging synthetic biology and novel genetic engineering techniques, A. oryzae has emerged as an ideal candidate for constructing cell factories. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest advancements in the application of A. oryzae-based cell factories in industrial production. These studies suggest that metabolic engineering and optimization of protein expression regulation are key elements in realizing the widespread industrial application of A. oryzae cell factories. It is anticipated that this review will pave the way for more effective approaches and research avenues in the future implementation of A. oryzae cell factories in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.S.); (S.F.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Yijian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Shihua Long
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Sai Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.S.); (S.F.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Maomao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
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Hill TW, Vance S, Loome JF, Haugen BJ, Loprete DM, Stoddard SV, Jackson-Hayes L. A member of the OSCA/TMEM63 family of mechanosensitive calcium channels participates in cell wall integrity maintenance in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103842. [PMID: 37805121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The calF7 mutation in Aspergillus nidulans causes hypersensitivity to the cell wall compromising agents Calcofluor White (CFW) and Congo Red. In this research we demonstrate that the calF7 mutation resides in gene AN2880, encoding a predicted member of the OSCA/TMEM63 family of transmembrane glycoproteins. Those members of the family whose physiological functions have been investigated have been shown to act as mechanosensitive calcium transport channels. Deletion of AN2880 replicates the CFW hypersensitivity phenotype. Separately, we show that CFW hypersensitivity of calF deletion strains can be overcome by inclusion of elevated levels of extracellular calcium ions in the growth medium, and, correspondingly, wild type strains grown in media deficient in calcium ions are no longer resistant to CFW. These observations support a model in which accommodation to at least some forms of cell wall stress is mediated by a calcium ion signaling system in which the AN2880 gene product plays a role. The genetic lesion in calF7 is predicted to result in a glycine-to-arginine substitution at position 638 of the 945-residue CalF protein in a region of the RSN1_7TM domain that is highly conserved amongst filamentous fungi. Homology modeling predicts that the consequence of a G638R substitution is to structurally occlude the principal conductance pore in the protein. GFP-tagged wild type CalF localizes principally to the Spitzenkörper and the plasma membrane at growing tips and forming septa. However, both septation and hyphal morphology appear to be normal in calF7 and AN2880 deletion strains, indicating that any role played by CalF in normal hyphal growth and cytokinesis is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Hill
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Stanley Vance
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Jennifer F Loome
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Benard J Haugen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Darlene M Loprete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Shana V Stoddard
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Loretta Jackson-Hayes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
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7
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Felipe MTDC, Barbosa RDN, Bezerra JDP, Souza-Motta CMD. Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus species: Trends and applications. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2023.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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8
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Yan Y, Huang X, Zhou Y, Li J, Liu F, Li X, Hu X, Wang J, Guo L, Liu R, Takaya N, Zhou S. Cytosol Peroxiredoxin and Cell Surface Catalase Differentially Respond to H 2O 2 Stress in Aspergillus nidulans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1333. [PMID: 37507873 PMCID: PMC10376852 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Both catalase and peroxiredoxin show high activities of H2O2 decomposition and coexist in the same organism; however, their division of labor in defense against H2O2 is unclear. We focused on the major peroxiredoxin (PrxA) and catalase (CatB) in Aspergillus nidulans at different growth stages to discriminate their antioxidant roles. The dormant conidia lacking PrxA showed sensitivity to high concentrations of H2O2 (>100 mM), revealing that PrxA is one of the important antioxidants in dormant conidia. Once the conidia began to swell and germinate, or further develop to young hyphae (9 h to old age), PrxA-deficient cells (ΔprxA) did not survive on plates containing H2O2 concentrations higher than 1 mM, indicating that PrxA is an indispensable antioxidant in the early growth stage. During these early growth stages, absence of CatB did not affect fungal resistance to either high (>1 mM) or low (<1 mM) concentrations of H2O2. In the mature hyphae stage (24 h to old age), however, CatB fulfills the major antioxidant function, especially against high doses of H2O2. PrxA is constitutively expressed throughout the lifespan, whereas CatB levels are low in the early growth stage of the cells developing from swelling conidia to early growth hyphae, providing a molecular basis for their different contributions to H2O2 resistance in different growth stages. Further enzyme activity and cellular localization analysis indicated that CatB needs to be secreted to be functionalized, and this process is confined to the growth stage of mature hyphae. Our results revealed differences in effectiveness and timelines of two primary anti-H2O2 enzymes in fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaotao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lingyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Renning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Duan WY, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Zhai HC, Wei S, Ma PA, Cai JP, Hu YS. Inhibitory effect of (E)-2-heptenal on Aspergillus flavus growth revealed by metabolomics and biochemical analyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 36477927 DOI: 10.1016/10.1007/s00253-022-12320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of fungal proliferation in postharvest grains is critical for maintaining grain quality and reducing mycotoxin contamination. Fumigation with natural gaseous fungicides is a promising and sustainable approach to protect grains from fungal spoilage. In this study, the antifungal activities of (E)-2-alkenals (C5-C10) on Aspergillus flavus were tested in the vapor phase, and (E)-2-heptenal showed the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus. (E)-2-Heptenal completely inhibited A. flavus growth at 0.0125 µL/mL and 0.2 µL/mL in the vapor phase and liquid contact, respectively. (E)-2-Heptenal can disrupt the plasma membrane integrity of A. flavus via leakage of intracellular electrolytes. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the mycelial morphology of A. flavus was remarkably affected by (E)-2-heptenal. Metabolomic analyses indicated that 49 metabolites were significantly differentially expressed in A. flavus mycelia exposed to 0.2 µL/mL (E)-2-heptenal; these metabolites were mainly involved in galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, the phosphotransferase system, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. ATP production was reduced in (E)-2-heptenal-treated A. flavus, and Janus Green B staining showed reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity. (E)-2-Heptenal treatment induced oxidative stress in A. flavus mycelia with an accumulation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide and increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Simulated storage experiments showed that fumigation with 400 µL/L of (E)-2-heptenal vapor could completely inhibit A. flavus growth in wheat grains with 20% moisture; this demonstrates its potential use in preventing grain spoilage. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the antifungal effects of (E)-2-heptenal on A. flavus. KEY POINTS : • (E)-2-Heptenal vapor showed the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus among (C5-C10) (E)-2-alkenals. • The antifungal effects of (E)-2-heptenal against A. flavus were determined. • The antifungal actions of (E)-2-heptenal on A. flavus were revealed by metabolomics and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Duan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Chen Zhai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-An Ma
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Cai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
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10
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Inhibitory effect of (E)-2-heptenal on Aspergillus flavus growth revealed by metabolomics and biochemical analyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:341-354. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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The antifungal mechanisms of plant volatile compound 1-octanol against Aspergillus flavus growth. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5179-5196. [PMID: 35779097 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of active ingredients from plant volatile organic compounds as natural gaseous fungicides shows remarkable potential for controlling fungal decay in postharvest agroproducts. Although 1-octanol is a common component of cereal volatiles, its antifungal potency against spoilage fungi in postharvest grains remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effectiveness of 1-octanol against Aspergillus flavus growth in postharvest grains and its mechanisms of action. 1-Octanol vapor and liquid contact dose-dependently inhibited A. flavus spore germination and mycelial growth at a low concentration. The simulated storage experiment demonstrated that 300 μL/L of 1-octanol vapor completely controlled A. flavus growth in wheat, corn, and paddy grains with 20% moisture content. 1-Octanol treatment irreversibly damaged the conidial and mycelial morphology of A. flavus and caused electrolyte leakage due to reduced plasma membrane integrity. It induced apoptosis along with morphological abnormalities, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and DNA fragmentation in A. flavus cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 1-octanol treatment disrupted the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, ATP-binding cassette transporters, amino acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. This study demonstrated the promising application potential of 1-octanol as a biofumigant for preventing fungal spoilage of postharvest cereal grains. KEY POINTS: • (1) 1-Octanol inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth in the vapor phase and liquid contact; • (2) 1-Octanol damages membrane integrity and induces apoptosis of A. flavus; • (3) Metabolomic changes in A. flavus mycelia were analyzed after 1-octanol treatment.
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12
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Plasma Promotes Fungal Cellulase Production by Regulating the Levels of Intracellular NO and Ca 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126668. [PMID: 35743111 PMCID: PMC9223429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
For the industrial-scale production of useful enzymes by microorganisms, technological development is required for overcoming a technical bottleneck represented by poor efficiency in the induction of enzyme gene expression and secretion. In this study, we evaluated the potential of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet to improve the production efficiency of cellulolytic enzymes in Neurospora crassa, a filamentous fungus. The total activity of cellulolytic enzymes and protein concentration were significantly increased (1.1~1.2 times) in media containing Avicel 24–72 h after 2 and 5 min of plasma treatment. The mRNA levels of four cellulolytic enzymes in fungal hyphae grown in media with Avicel were significantly increased (1.3~17 times) 2–4 h after a 5 min of plasma treatment. The levels of intracellular NO and Ca2+ were increased in plasma-treated fungal hyphae grown in Avicel media after 48 h, and the removal of intracellular NO decreased the activity of cellulolytic enzymes in media and the level of vesicles in fungal hyphae. Our data suggest that plasma treatment can promote the transcription and secretion of cellulolytic enzymes into the culture media in the presence of Avicel (induction condition) by enhancing the intracellular level of NO and Ca2+.
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Lübeck M, Lübeck PS. Fungal Cell Factories for Efficient and Sustainable Production of Proteins and Peptides. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040753. [PMID: 35456803 PMCID: PMC9025306 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are a large and diverse taxonomically group of microorganisms found in all habitats worldwide. They grow as a network of cells called hyphae. Since filamentous fungi live in very diverse habitats, they produce different enzymes to degrade material for their living, for example hydrolytic enzymes to degrade various kinds of biomasses. Moreover, they produce defense proteins (antimicrobial peptides) and proteins for attaching surfaces (hydrophobins). Many of them are easy to cultivate in different known setups (submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation) and their secretion of proteins and enzymes are often much larger than what is seen from yeast and bacteria. Therefore, filamentous fungi are in many industries the preferred production hosts of different proteins and enzymes. Edible fungi have traditionally been used as food, such as mushrooms or in fermented foods. New trends are to use edible fungi to produce myco-protein enriched foods. This review gives an overview of the different kinds of proteins, enzymes, and peptides produced by the most well-known fungi used as cell factories for different purposes and applications. Moreover, we describe some of the challenges that are important to consider when filamentous fungi are optimized as efficient cell factories.
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Traditional and Latest Researches on Aspergillus oryzae and Related Koji Molds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121075. [PMID: 34947057 PMCID: PMC8703801 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Hiasa R, Kakimoto KI, Takegawa K, Higuchi Y. Involvement of AAA ATPase AipA in endocytosis of the arginine permease AoCan1 depending on AoAbp1 in Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal Biol 2021; 126:149-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Morita Y, Katakura Y, Takegawa K, Higuchi Y. Correlative Localization Analysis Between mRNA and Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-Fused Protein by a Single-Molecule Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Using an egfp Probe in Aspergillus oryzae. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:721398. [PMID: 37744096 PMCID: PMC10512357 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.721398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Although subcellular localization analysis of proteins fused with enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) has been widely conducted in filamentous fungi, little is known about the localization of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding the EGFP-fused proteins. In this study, we performed single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) using an egfp probe to simultaneously visualize EGFP-fused proteins and their mRNAs in the hyphal cells of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. We investigated the subcellular localization of mRNAs encoding cytoplasmic EGFP, an actin marker protein Lifeact tagged with EGFP, and several EGFP-fused proteins AoSec22, AoSnc1, AoVam3, and AoUapC that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the apical vesicle cluster Spitzenkörper, vacuolar membrane, and plasma membrane, respectively. Visualization of these mRNAs by smFISH demonstrated that each mRNA exhibited distinct localization patterns likely depending on the mRNA sequence. In particular, we revealed that mRNAs encoding Lifeact-EGFP, EGFP-AoSec22, EGFP-AoVam3, and AoUapC-EGFP, but not cytoplasmic EGFP and EGFP-AoSnc1, were preferentially localized at the apical cell, suggesting certain mechanisms to regulate the existence of these transcripts among hyphal regions. Our findings provide the distinct localization information of each mRNA in the hyphal cells of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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