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Sierra AM, Meléndez O, Bethancourt R, Bethancourt A, Rodríguez-Castro L, López CA, Sedio BE, Saltonstall K, Villarreal A JC. Leaf Endophytes Relationship with Host Metabolome Expression in Tropical Gymnosperms. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01511-z. [PMID: 38809282 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions play a pivotal role in shaping host fitness, especially concerning chemical defense mechanisms. In cycads, establishing direct correlations between specific endophytic microbes and the synthesis of highly toxic defensive phytochemicals has been challenging. Our research delves into the intricate relationship between plant-microbe associations and the variation of secondary metabolite production in two closely related Zamia species that grow in distinct habitats; terrestrial and epiphytic. Employing an integrated approach, we combined microbial metabarcoding, which characterize the leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communities, with untargeted metabolomics to test if the relative abundances of specific microbial taxa in these two Zamia species were associated with different metabolome profiles. The two species studied shared approximately 90% of the metabolites spanning diverse biosynthetic pathways: alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, polyketides, shikimates, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids. Co-occurrence networks revealed positive associations among metabolites from different pathways, underscoring the complexity of their interactions. Our integrated analysis demonstrated to some degree that the intraspecific variation in metabolome profiles of the two host species was associated with the abundance of bacterial orders Acidobacteriales and Frankiales, as well as the fungal endophytes belonging to the orders Chaetothyriales, Glomerellales, Heliotiales, Hypocreales, and Sordariales. We further associate individual metabolic similarity with four specific fungal endophyte members of the core microbiota, but no specific bacterial taxa associations were identified. This study represents a pioneering investigation to characterize leaf endophytes and their association with metabolomes in tropical gymnosperms, laying the groundwork for deeper inquiries into this complex domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriel M Sierra
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Omayra Meléndez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
| | - Rita Bethancourt
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
| | - Ariadna Bethancourt
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
| | - Lilisbeth Rodríguez-Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
| | - Christian A López
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Juan Carlos Villarreal A
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá.
- Canada Research Chair in Genomics of Tropical Symbioses, Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canadá.
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Jacob JKS, Witzel K, dela Cruz TEE. Comparative Diversity and Functional Traits of Fungal Endophytes in Response to Elevated Mineral Content in a Mangrove Ecosystem. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1186. [PMID: 38132787 PMCID: PMC10744541 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of water quality, specifically elevated phosphate and zinc content, on the diversity and functional properties of mangrove fungal endophytes in two distinct mangrove forests. Mangrove plant performance is directly related to the presence of fungal leaf endophytes as these fungi could enhance plant health, resilience, and adaptability under stressed environmental conditions. Two distinct mangrove forest sites, one non-disturbed (ND) and one disturbed by aquaculture practices (D), were assessed for differences in water quality parameters. We further analyzed the fungal endophyte diversity associated with the leaves of a target host mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., with the aim to elucidate whether fungal diversity and functional traits are linked to disturbances brought about by aquaculture practices and to characterize functional traits of selected fungal isolates with respect to phosphate (PO4) and zinc (Zn) solubilization. Contrary to expectations, the disturbed site exhibited a higher fungal diversity, challenging assumptions about the relationship between contamination and fungal community dynamics. Water quality, as determined by nutrient and mineral levels, emerged as a crucial factor in shaping both microbial community compositions in the phyllosphere of mangroves. From both sites, we isolated 188 fungal endophytes, with the ND site hosting a higher number of isolates and a greater colonization rate. While taxonomic diversity marginally differed (ND: 28 species, D: 29 species), the Shannon (H' = 3.19) and FAI (FA = 20.86) indices revealed a statistically significant increase in species diversity for fungal endophytes in the disturbed mangrove site as compared to the non-disturbed area (H' = 3.10, FAI = 13.08). Our chosen mangrove fungal endophytes exhibited remarkable phosphate solubilization capabilities even at elevated concentrations, particularly those derived from the disturbed site. Despite their proficiency in solubilizing zinc across a wide range of concentrations, a significant impact on their mycelial growth was noted, underscoring a crucial aspect of their functional dynamics. Our findings revealed a nuanced trade-off between mycelial growth and enzymatic production in fungal endophytes from ostensibly less contaminated sites, highlighting the relationship between nutrient availability and microbial activities. These insights provide a foundation for understanding the impact of anthropogenic pressures, specifically nutrient pollution, on mangrove-associated fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kennard S. Jacob
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Isabela State University, Echague 3309, Isabela, Philippines
| | - Katja Witzel
- Department of Plant-Microbes Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetables and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
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Kaliaperumal K, Salendra L, Liu Y, Ju Z, Sahu SK, Elumalai S, Subramanian K, M. Alotaibi N, Alshammari N, Saeed M, Karunakaran R. Isolation of anticancer bioactive secondary metabolites from the sponge-derived endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. and in-silico computational docking approach. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216928. [PMID: 37849927 PMCID: PMC10577379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fungus-derived secondary metabolites are fascinating with biomedical potential and chemical diversity. Mining endophytic fungi for drug candidates is an ongoing process in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Endophytic fungal symbionts from terrestrial plants, marine flora, and fauna tend to produce interesting types of secondary metabolites with biomedical importance of anticancer, antiviral, and anti-tuberculosis properties. Methods An organic ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium verruculosum sponge-derived endophytic fungi from Spongia officinalis yielded seven different secondary metabolites which are purified through HPLC. The isolated compounds are of averufin (1), aspergilol-A (2), sulochrin (3), monomethyl sulochrin (4), methyl emodin (5), citreorosein (6), and diorcinol (7). All the seven isolated compounds were characterized by high-resolution NMR spectral studies. All isolated compounds', such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, and antiviral, were subjected to bioactivity screening. Results Out of seven tested compounds, compound (1) exhibits strong anticancer activity toward myeloid leukemia. HL60 cell lines have an IC50 concentration of 1.00μm, which is nearly significant to that of the standard anticancer drug taxol. A virtual computational molecular docking approach of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin binds strongly with the protein target alpha, beta-tubulin (1JFF), with a -10.98 binding score. Consecutive OSIRIS and Lipinski ADME pharmacokinetic validation of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin has good pharmacokinetic properties such as drug score, solubility, and mutagenic nature. Furthermore, aspergilol-A (2) is the first report on the Penicillium verruculosum fungal strain. Discussion We concluded that averufin (1) isolated from Penicillium verruculosum can be taken for further preliminary clinical trials like animal model in-vivo studies and pharmacodynamic studies. A future prospect of in-vivo anticancer screening of averufin can be validated through the present experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- Unit of Biomaterials Division, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Limbadri Salendra
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiran Ju
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanniyasi Elumalai
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaran Subramanian
- Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nahaa M. Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Malaysia
- Centre for Excellence for Biomaterials Science AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Malaysia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Wang Z, Liu J, Xu H, Liu J, Zhao Z, Gong X. Core Microbiome and Microbial Community Structure in Coralloid Roots of Cycas in Ex Situ Collection of Kunming Botanical Garden in China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2144. [PMID: 37763988 PMCID: PMC10537389 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are essential in plant succession and evolution, and essential for stress resistance. Coralloid root is a unique root structure found in cycads that has played a role in resisting adverse environments, yet the core taxa and microbial community of different Cycas species have not been thoroughly investigated. Using amplicon sequencing, we successfully elucidated the microbiomes present in coralloid roots of 10 Cycas species, representing all four sections of Cycas in China. We found that the endophytic bacteria in coralloid roots, i.e., Cyanobacteria, were mainly composed of Desmonostoc_PCC-7422, Nostoc_PCC-73102 and unclassified_f__Nostocaceae. Additionally, the Ascomycota fungi of Exophiala, Paraboeremia, Leptobacillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, and Diaporthe were identified as the core fungi taxa. The Ascomycota fungi of Nectriaceae, Herpotrichiellaceae, Cordycipitaceae, Helotiaceae, Diaporthaceae, Didymellaceae, Clavicipitaceae and Pleosporaceae were identified as the core family taxa in coralloid roots of four sections. High abundance but low diversity of bacterial community was detected in the coralloid roots, but no significant difference among species. The fungal community exhibited much higher complexity compared to bacteria, and diversity was noted among different species or sections. These core taxa, which were a subset of the microbiome that frequently occurred in all, or most, individuals of Cycas species, represent targets for the development of Cycas conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Haiyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jiating Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.L.); (J.L.)
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Dela Cruz TEE, Behr JH, Geistlinger J, Grosch R, Witzel K. Monitoring of an Applied Beneficial Trichoderma Strain in Root-Associated Soil of Field-Grown Maize by MALDI-TOF MS. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1655. [PMID: 37512828 PMCID: PMC10384135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere or surrounding soil following their application is a prerequisite for the effective interaction with the plant or indigenous microbial communities in the respective habitats. The goal of the study was to analyze the establishment and persistence of the applied beneficial Trichoderma harzianum (OMG16) strain in the maize root-associated soil depending on agricultural practice (soil management practice, N-fertilizer intensity) in a field experiment. A rapid identification of the inoculated strain OMG16 is essential for its monitoring. We used a culture-based approach coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis for the rapid identification of the inoculated Trichoderma strain as part of the beneficial microbe consortium (BMc). We isolated 428 fungal isolates from eight treatments of the field experiment. Forty eight percent of the isolated fungi equivalent to 205 fungal isolates were identified as Trichoderma, of which 87% (=179 isolates) were obtained from the fields inoculated with BMc. Gene sequence analysis showed a high similarity of the MALDI-TOF MS-identified Trichoderma, with that of the inoculated Trichoderma harzianum OMG16 confirming the re-isolation of the added beneficial fungus. This study highlighted the use of MALDI-TOF MS analysis as a quick, cost-effective detection and efficient monitoring tool for microbial-based bioinoculants in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Edison E Dela Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas (UST), España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Jan Helge Behr
- Department of Plant-Microbes Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetables and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Groβbeeren, Germany
| | - Joerg Geistlinger
- Department of Agriculture, Landscape Development and Ecotrophology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), Strenzfelder Allee 28, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Department of Plant-Microbes Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetables and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Groβbeeren, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Department of Plant-Microbes Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetables and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Groβbeeren, Germany
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Zhou YQ, Yao SC, Wang J, Xie XY, Tan XM, Huang RS, Yang XF, Tan Y, Yu LY, Fu P. Cultivable endophytic fungal community associated with the karst endemic plant Nervilia fordii and their antimicrobial activity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1063897. [PMID: 36504825 PMCID: PMC9730403 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants with specific pharmacological functions attract much attention to provide the possibility of discovering valuable natural drugs with novel structures and biological activities. Nervilia fordii is a rare and endangered karst endemic plant that is used as medicine and food homology in Guangxi, China. These plants have been reported to have antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, few studies have focused on the diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from N. fordii. In the present study, 184 endophytic fungi were isolated from the healthy tissues of N. fordii, and their molecular diversity and antimicrobial activities were analyzed for the first time. These fungi were categorized into 85 different morphotypes based on the morphological characteristics and the similarity between the target sequence and the reference sequence in the GenBank database. With the exception of 18 unidentified fungi, the fungal isolates belonged to at least 2 phyla, 4 classes, 15 orders, 45 known genera, and 45 different species, which showed high abundance, rich diversity, and obvious tissue specificity. All isolates were employed to screen for their antimicrobial activities via the agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida tropicalis. Among these endophytes, eight strains (9.41%) displayed inhibitory activity against E. coli, 11 strains (12.94%) against S. aureus, and two strains (2.35%) against C. tropicalis, to some extent. In particular, our study showed for the first time that the fungal agar plugs of Penicillium macrosclerotiorum 1151# exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of P. macrosclerotiorum 1151# had antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 mg ml-1. Further research also confirmed that one of the antimicrobial compounds of P. macrosclerotiorum 1151# was methyl chloroacetate and exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus up to 1.71-fold and 1.13-fold compared with tetracycline (TET) (5 mg ml-1), respectively. Taken together, the present data suggest that various endophytic fungi of N. fordii could be exploited as sources of novel natural antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Shao-Chang Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Key Laboratory of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xin-Yi Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Rong-Shao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xin-Feng Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Ying Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Key Laboratory of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Khan A, Ali S, Khan M, Hamayun M, Moon YS. Parthenium hysterophorus's Endophytes: The Second Layer of Defense against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2217. [PMID: 36363809 PMCID: PMC9696505 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus L. is considered an obnoxious weed due to its rapid dispersal, fast multiplications, and agricultural and health hazards. In addition to its physio-molecular and phytotoxic allelochemical usage, this weed most probably uses endophytic flora as an additional line of defense to deal with stressful conditions and tolerate both biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this article is to report the diversity of endophytic flora (fungi and bacteria) in P. hysterophorus and their role in the stress mitigation (biotic and abiotic) of other important crops. Various endophytes were reported from P. hysterophorus and their roles in crops evaluated under biotic and abiotic stressed conditions. These endophytes have the potential to alleviate different stresses by improving crops/plants growth, development, biomass, and photosynthetic and other physiological traits. The beneficial role of the endophytes may be attributed to stress-modulating enzymes such as the antioxidants SOD, POD and APX and ACC deaminases. Additionally, the higher production of different classes of bioactive secondary metabolites, i.e., flavonoids, proline, and glutathione may also overcome tissue damage to plants under stressed conditions. Interestingly, a number of medicinally important phytochemicals such as anhydropseudo-phlegmcin-9, 10-quinone-3-amino-8-O methyl ether 'anhydropseudophlegmacin-9, 10-quinone-3-amino-8-Omethyl ether were reported from the endophytic flora of P. hysterophorus. Moreover, various reports revealed that fungal and bacterial endophytes of P. hysterophorus enhance plant growth-promoting attributes and could be added to the consortium of biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khan
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Yong-Sun Moon
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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Lu L, Karunarathna SC, Hyde KD, Suwannarach N, Elgorban AM, Stephenson SL, Al-Rejaie S, Jayawardena RS, Tibpromma S. Endophytic Fungi Associated with Coffee Leaves in China Exhibited In Vitro Antagonism against Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070698. [PMID: 35887454 PMCID: PMC9317674 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee endophytes have been studied for almost 74 years, and several studies have demonstrated coffee-endophytic fungi with antibacterial and antifungal potential for human and plant pathogens. In this study, we isolated and identified a total of 235 strains of endophytic fungi from coffee leaf tissues collected in four coffee plantations in Pu’er city, Yunnan province, China. Molecular identification was carried out using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) sequences, while the colonization rate and the isolation frequency were also calculated. Two pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata and Penicillium digitatum) and two pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica) were used for screening the antagonistic activities of 61 strains of coffee-endophytic fungi by a dual-culture test assay while maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis confirmed their natural classification. This is the first study of coffee-leaf-endophytic fungal diversity in China, and the results revealed that coffee-endophytic fungi from this study belong to the Ascomycota, distributed among two classes, 10 orders, and 17 families. Concurrently, endophytic fungi isolates distributed in Arthrinium, Biscogniauxia, Daldinia, Diaporthe, and Nigrospora showed strong antagonistic activities against the pathogens. For the pathogens Alternaria alternata and Pseudomonas syringae, Nigrospora XCE-7 showed the best inhibitory effects with inhibition rates of 71.76% and 61.11%, respectively. For the pathogen Penicillium digitatum, Daldinia ME-9 showed the best inhibitory effect with a 74.67% inhibition rate, while Biscogniauxia PTE-7 and Daldinia T5E-1-3 showed the best inhibitory effect with a rate of 60.42% against the pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Overall, our study shows the diversity of coffee endophytes in four coffee-growing areas in Pu’er city, Yunnan province, China, and their potential use as biological control agents against two fungal and two bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhong Kai University, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Rondilla RRL, dela Cruz TEE, Chang FR, Nonato MG. <i>Annulohypoxylon stygium</i>, a <i>Pandanus simplex-</i>associated fungal endophyte with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. STUDIES IN FUNGI 2022. [DOI: 10.48130/sif-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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