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Cai R, Xiao Y, Xing J, Yu K, Li X, Chai Y. Establishment of a genetic transformation system for cordycipitoid fungus Cordyceps chanhua. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1333793. [PMID: 38993492 PMCID: PMC11236535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1333793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps chanhua is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom with a long history of use in China, and it contains a variety of secondary metabolites with interesting bioactive ingredients. However, recent researches have mainly focused on cultivation conditions, secondary metabolite compositions and pharmacological activities of C. chanhua, the lack of an efficient and stable genetic transformation system has largely limited further research on the relationship between secondary metabolites and biosynthetic gene clusters in C. chanhua. In this study, single-factor experiments were used to compare the effects of different osmotic stabilizers, enzyme concentrations and enzyme digestion times on protoplast yield, and we found that the highest yield of 5.53 × 108 protoplasts/mL was obtained with 0.7 M mannitol, 6 mg/mL snail enzyme and 4 h of enzyme digestion time, and the regeneration rate of protoplasts was up to approximately 30% using 0.7 M mannitol as an osmotic stabilizer. On this basis, a PEG-mediated genetic transformation system of C. chanhua was successfully established for the first time, which lays the foundation for further genetic transformation of C. chanhua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihang Cai
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Xing
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongjian Yu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaola Li
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiqiu Chai
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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Chen Y, Li M, Yan M, Chen Y, Saeed M, Ni Z, Fang Z, Chen H. Bacillus subtilis: current and future modification strategies as a protein secreting factory. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:195. [PMID: 38722426 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is regarded as a promising microbial expression system in bioengineering due to its high stress resistance, nontoxic, low codon preference and grow fast. The strain has a relatively efficient expression system, as it has at least three protein secretion pathways and abundant molecular chaperones, which guarantee its expression ability and compatibility. Currently, many proteins are expressed in Bacillus subtilis, and their application prospects are broad. Although Bacillus subtilis has great advantages compared with other prokaryotes related to protein expression and secretion, it still faces deficiencies, such as low wild-type expression, low product activity, and easy gene loss, which limit its large-scale application. Over the years, many researchers have achieved abundant results in the modification of Bacillus subtilis expression systems, especially the optimization of promoters, expression vectors, signal peptides, transport pathways and molecular chaperones. An optimal vector with a suitable promoter strength and other regulatory elements could increase protein synthesis and secretion, increasing industrial profits. This review highlights the research status of optimization strategies related to the expression system of Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, research progress on its application as a food-grade expression system is also presented, along with some future modification and application directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingchen Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Li W, Zou G, Bao D, Wu Y. Current Advances in the Functional Genes of Edible and Medicinal Fungi: Research Techniques, Functional Analysis, and Prospects. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:311. [PMID: 38786666 PMCID: PMC11121823 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional genes encode various biological functions required for the life activities of organisms. By analyzing the functional genes of edible and medicinal fungi, varieties of edible and medicinal fungi can be improved to enhance their agronomic traits, growth rates, and ability to withstand adversity, thereby increasing yield and quality and promoting industrial development. With the rapid development of functional gene research technology and the publication of many whole-genome sequences of edible and medicinal fungi, genes related to important biological traits have been mined, located, and functionally analyzed. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different functional gene research techniques and application examples for edible and medicinal fungi; systematically reviews the research progress of functional genes of edible and medicinal fungi in biological processes such as mating type, mycelium and fruit growth and development, substrate utilization and nutrient transport, environmental response, and the synthesis and regulation of important active substances; and proposes future research directions for functional gene research for edible and medicinal fungi. The overall aim of this study was to provide a valuable reference for further promoting the molecular breeding of edible and medicinal fungi with high yield and quality and to promote the wide application of edible and medicinal fungi products in food, medicine, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Gen Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Dapeng Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.)
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Tan Y, Yu X, Zhang Z, Tian J, Feng N, Tang C, Zou G, Zhang J. An Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing System for a Ganoderma lucidum Cultivated Strain by Ribonucleoprotein Method. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1170. [PMID: 38132771 PMCID: PMC10745038 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a popular approach to genome editing. Compared with the plasmid-dependent CRISPR system, the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex formed by the in vitro assembly of Cas9 and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) has many advantages. However, only a few examples have been reported and the editing efficiency has been relatively low. In this study, we developed and optimized an RNP-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system for the monokaryotic strain L1 from the Ganoderma lucidum cultivar 'Hunong No. 1'. On selective media containing 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), the targeting efficiency of the genomic editing reached 100%. The editing efficiency of the orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene (ura3) was greater than 35 mutants/107 protoplasts, surpassing the previously reported G. lucidum CRISPR systems. Through insertion or substitution, 35 mutants introduced new sequences of 10-569 bp near the cleavage site of ura3 in the L1 genome, and the introduced sequences of 22 mutants (62.9%) were derived from the L1 genome itself. Among the 90 mutants, 85 mutants (94.4%) repaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and five mutants (5.6%) through microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). This study revealed the repair characteristics of DSBs induced by RNA-programmed nuclease Cas9. Moreover, the G. lucidum genes cyp512a3 and cyp5359n1 have been edited using this system. This study is of significant importance for the targeted breeding and synthetic metabolic regulation of G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Xianglin Yu
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Jialin Tian
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Na Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Chuanhong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Gen Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.T.); (N.F.)
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Wu K, Xu C, Li T, Ma H, Gong J, Li X, Sun X, Hu X. Application of Nanotechnology in Plant Genetic Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14836. [PMID: 37834283 PMCID: PMC10573821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing food requirement with globally growing population demands advanced agricultural practices to improve grain yield, to gain crop resilience under unpredictable extreme weather, and to reduce production loss caused by insects and pathogens. To fulfill such requests, genome engineering technology has been applied to various plant species. To date, several generations of genome engineering methods have been developed. Among these methods, the new mainstream technology is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with nucleases. One of the most important processes in genome engineering is to deliver gene cassettes into plant cells. Conventionally used systems have several shortcomings, such as being labor- and time-consuming procedures, potential tissue damage, and low transformation efficiency. Taking advantage of nanotechnology, the nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery method presents technical superiority over conventional approaches due to its high efficiency and adaptability in different plant species. In this review, we summarize the evolution of plant biomolecular delivery methods and discussed their characteristics as well as limitations. We focused on the cutting-edge nanotechnology-based delivery system, and reviewed different types of nanoparticles, preparation of nanomaterials, mechanism of nanoparticle transport, and advanced application in plant genome engineering. On the basis of established methods, we concluded that the combination of genome editing, nanoparticle-mediated gene transformation and de novo regeneration technologies can accelerate crop improvement efficiently in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Changbin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Haijie Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jinli Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Hu Z, Chen C, Zheng X, Yuan J, Zou R, Xie C. Establishing Gene Expression and Knockout Methods in Esteya vermicola CBS115803. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00898-6. [PMID: 37777998 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease, which is caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the most destructive forest diseases worldwide. Esteya vermicola, a nematophagous fungus, has emerged as a promising biological control agent. However, the limited availability of gene function analysis techniques hinders further genetic modification of this fungus. In this study, we employed a combination of enzymes (driselase, snailase, and cellulase) to enzymatically degrade the cell wall of the fungus, resulting in a high yield of protoplasts. Furthermore, by utilizing 0.6 M sucrose as an osmotic pressure stabilizer, we achieved a significant protoplast regeneration rate of approximately 31%. Subsequently, we employed the polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation method to successfully establish a genetic transformation technique for E. vermicola CBS115803. Additionally, through our investigation, we identified the Olic promoter from Aspergillus nidulans, which effectively enhanced the expression of the DsRed gene encoding a red fluorescent protein in E. vermicola CBS115803. Moreover, we successfully implemented a split-marker strategy to delete the EvIPMD gene in E. vermicola CBS115803. In summary, our findings present valuable experimental methodologies for gene function analysis in E. vermicola CBS115803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Hu
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources and the College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chi Chen
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources and the College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xinyao Zheng
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources and the College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jingjie Yuan
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources and the College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Run Zou
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources and the College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chengjian Xie
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources and the College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Tian YH, Liu M, Tang L, Zhang YJ, Hang Y, Shangguan LY, Zhang YQ, Zhang MS. Establishment of protoplasts transient expression system in Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1381-1391. [PMID: 37589824 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we established an efficient and rapid transient expression system in the protoplasts of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (P. ternata). RESULTS The protoplasts of P. ternata were prepared from plant leaves as the source material by digesting them with the combination of 20 g·l-1 cellulase and 15 g·l-1 macerozyme for 6 h. Based on the screening of PEG concentration, the conditions for PEG-mediated protoplast transformation were improved, and the highest transformation efficiency was found for 40% PEG 4000. Furthermore, we used the subcellular protein localization technique in P. ternata protoplasts to allow further validation of transient expression system. CONCLUSIONS We present the method that can be applicable for studying both gene verification and expression in P. ternata protoplasts, thus allowing for engineering the improved varieties of P. ternata through molecular plant breeding techniques. This method can also be widely applicable for analyzing protein interactions, detecting promoter activity, for somatic cell fusion in plant breeding, as well as for other related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liu Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ye Hang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li-Yang Shangguan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yin-Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Wang W, Wang Y, Dong G, Chen F. Development of Cordyceps javanica BE01 with enhanced virulence against Hyphantria cunea using polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:972425. [PMID: 36118242 PMCID: PMC9478556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.972425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps javanica has promising application prospects as an entomopathogenic fungus with a wide range of hosts. To enhance the virulence of C. javanica, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast genetic transformation system was constructed. Strains overexpressing the subtilisin-like protease genes CJPRB and CJPRB1 and the tripeptidyl peptidase gene CJCLN2-1 were constructed with this system, and the effects of these strains on Hyphantria cunea were tested. The aminoglycoside G418 was used at 800 μg ml−1 to screen the transformants. C. javanica hyphae were degraded with an enzyme mixture to obtain protoplasts at 1.31 × 107 protoplasts ml−1. The transformation of 2 μg of DNA into 1,000 protoplasts was achieved with 20% PEG2000, and after 6 h of recovery, the transformation efficiency was 12.33 ± 1.42 transformants μg−1 plasmid. The LT50 values of CJPRB, CJPRB1, and CJCLN2-1-overexpressing C. javanica strains were 1.32-fold, 2.21-fold, and 2.14-fold higher than that of the wild-type (WT) strain, respectively. The three overexpression strains showed no significant differences from the WT strain in terms of colony growth, conidial yield, and conidial germination rate. However, the infection rate of the CJPRB1 strain was faster than that of the WT strain, with infection occurring within 4–5 days. The CJCLN2-1 strain had a significantly higher mortality rate than the WT strain within 4–10 days after infection. A C. javanica genetic transformation system was successfully constructed for the first time, and an overexpression strain exhibited enhanced virulence to H. cunea compared with the WT strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangping Dong
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Pine Wilt Disease Prevention and Control, Hefei, China
| | - Fengmao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmao Chen,
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