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Murray AP, Biscussi B, Cavallaro V, Donozo M, Rodriguez SA. Naturally Occurring Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Animals: A Review of the Most Effective Inhibitors Reported in 2012-2022. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1621-1649. [PMID: 37357520 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230623105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of the "cholinergic hypothesis" as an important therapeutic approach in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the scientific community has made a remarkable effort to discover new and effective molecules with the ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The natural function of this enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Thus, its inhibition increases the levels of this neurochemical and improves the cholinergic functions in patients with AD alleviating the symptoms of this neurological disorder. In recent years, attention has also been focused on the role of another enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), mainly in the advanced stages of AD, transforming this enzyme into another target of interest in the search for new anticholinesterase agents. Over the past decades, Nature has proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds relevant to the discovery of new molecules with potential applications in AD therapy. Bioprospecting of new cholinesterase inhibitors among natural products has led to the discovery of an important number of new AChE and BChE inhibitors that became potential lead compounds for the development of anti-AD drugs. This review summarizes a total of 260 active compounds from 142 studies which correspond to the most relevant (IC50 ≤ 15 μM) research work published during 2012-2022 on plant-derived anticholinesterase compounds, as well as several potent inhibitors obtained from other sources like fungi, algae, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Murray
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Brunella Biscussi
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Martina Donozo
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Rodriguez
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Wang X, Wanasinghe DN, Zhang J, Ma J, Zhou P, Zhang L, Lu Y, Zhang Z. Insights from the Endophytic Fungi in Amphisphaeria (Sordariomycetes): A. orixae sp. nov. from Orixa japonica and Its Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1268. [PMID: 37317242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a remarkably diverse group of microorganisms that have imperceptible associations with their hosts for at least a part of their life cycle. The enormous biological diversity and the capability of producing bioactive secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyketides have attracted the attention of different scientific communities, resulting in numerous investigations on these fungal endophytes. During our surveys of plant-root-based fungi in the mountain areas of Qingzhen, Guizhou Province, several isolates of endophytic fungi were identified. In this study, a novel endophytic fungus was discovered in the roots of a medicinal plant (Orixa japonica) in Southern China and introduced as a new species (Amphisphaeria orixae) based on morphological evidence and molecular phylogenetic analysis (combined ITS and LSU sequence data). To the best of our knowledge, A. orixae is the first reported endophyte as well as the first hyphomycetous asexual morph in Amphisphaeria. A new isocoumarin, (R)-4,6,8-trihydroxy-5-methylisochroman-1-one (1), and 12 known compounds (2-13) were isolated from the rice fermentation products of this fungus. Using 1D- and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry, and ECD studies, their structures were identified. The antitumor activity of these compounds was tested. Unfortunately, none of the compounds tested showed significant antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Dhanushka N Wanasinghe
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County 654400, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Jian Ma
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Peifeng Zhou
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Yongzhong Lu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
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Neogrisphenol A, a Potential Ovarian Cancer Inhibitor from a New Record Fungus Neohelicosporium griseum. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030435. [PMID: 36984875 PMCID: PMC10055829 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
From the rice fermentation product of a new record fungus, Neohelicosporium griseum, two new polyketides, neogrisphenol A (1) and neogrisphenol B (2), one new isochroman-1-one, (S)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3,5-dimethylisochroman-1-one (3), and four known compounds (4–7) were isolated. Their structures were determined using 1D- and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical calculations. The C-3~C-2′ polymerization mode between the two α-naphthalenone derivative moieties is uncommon in compounds 1 and 2. Meanwhile, compounds 1–2 and 5 exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values ranging between 16 and 31 µg/mL. In addition, compound 5 showed antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae, with respective IC50 values of 88.14 ± 2.21 µg/mL and 52.36 ± 1.38 µg/mL. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxicity against A2780, PC-3, and MBA-MD-231 cell lines with respective IC50 values of 3.20, 10.68, and 16.30 µM, and the cytotoxicity against A2780 cells was even higher than that of cisplatin (CDDP). With an IC50 value of 10.13 µM, compound 2 also exhibited cytotoxicity against A2780. The in vitro results showed that compound 1 inhibited A2780 cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the S-phase in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Anti-Alzheimer's Natural Products Derived from Plant Endophytic Fungi. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052259. [PMID: 36903506 PMCID: PMC10005758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and seriously affects patients' daily tasks. Plant endophytic fungi are known for providing novel and unique secondary metabolites with diverse activities. This review focuses primarily on the published research regarding anti-Alzheimer's natural products derived from endophytic fungi between 2002 and 2022. Following a thorough review of the literature, 468 compounds with anti-Alzheimer's-related activities are reviewed and classified based on their structural skeletons, primarily including alkaloids, peptides, polyketides, terpenoids, and sterides. The classification, occurrences, and bioactivities of these natural products from endophytic fungi are summarized in detail. Our results provide a reference on endophytic fungi natural products that may assist in the development of new anti-Alzheimer's compounds.
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Binding mechanism of perphenazine/thioridazine with acetylcholinesterase: Spectroscopic surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking based analysis. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Smyrska-Wieleba N, Mroczek T. Natural Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: Chemistry, Structure-Activity and Methods of Their Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032722. [PMID: 36769043 PMCID: PMC9916849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide an updated description and comparison of the data currently available in the literature (from the last 15 years) on the studied natural inhibitors of cholinesterases (IChEs), namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). These data also apply to the likely impact of the structures of the compounds on the therapeutic effects of available and potential cholinesterase inhibitors. IChEs are hitherto known compounds with various structures, activities and origins. Additionally, multiple different methods of analysis are used to determine the cholinesterase inhibitor potency. This summary indicates that natural sources are still suitable for the discovery of new compounds with prominent pharmacological activity. It also emphasizes that further studies are needed regarding the mechanisms of action or the structure-activity correlation to discuss the issue of cholinesterase inhibitors and their medical application.
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Secondary Metabolites from Fungi-In Honor of Prof. Dr. Ji-Kai Liu's 60th Birthday. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121271. [PMID: 36547604 PMCID: PMC9782213 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is our pleasure and privilege to serve as Guest Editors for this Special Issue of the Journal of Fungi in honor of Professor Ji-Kai Liu's 60th birthday [...].
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Zhang X, Lv H, Tian M, Dong Z, Fu Q, Sun J, Huang Q, Wang J. Colonization characteristics of fungi in Polygonum hydropipe L. and Polygonum lapathifolium L. and its effect on the content of active ingredients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984483. [PMID: 36247635 PMCID: PMC9554492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum hydropiper, is a plant of the Persicaria genus, which is commonly used to treat various diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, inflammation, and diarrhea. However, because of different local standards of P. hydropiper, people often confuse it with Polygonum lapathifolium L. and other closely related plants. This poses a serious threat to the safety and efficacy of the clinical use of P. hydropiper. This study aims to determine the six active ingredients of P. hydropiper and P. lapathifolium. Then the endophytic fungi and rhizosphere soil of the two species were sequenced by Illumina Miseq PE300. The results show significant differences between the community composition of the leaves, stems, and roots of the P. hydropiper and the P. lapathifolium in the same soil environment. Of the six secondary metabolites detected, five had significant differences between P. hydropiper and P. lapathifolium. Then, we evaluated the composition of the significantly different communities between P. hydropiper and P. lapathifolium. In the P. hydropiper, the relative abundance of differential communities in the leaves was highest, of which Cercospora dominated the differential communities in the leaves and stem; in the P. lapathifolium, the relative abundance of differential community in the stem was highest, and Cladosporium dominated the differential communities in the three compartments. By constructing the interaction network of P. hydropiper and P. lapathifolium and analyzing the network nodes, we found that the core community in P. hydropiper accounted for 87.59% of the total community, dominated by Cercospora; the core community of P. lapathifolium accounted for 19.81% of the total community, dominated by Sarocladium. Of these core communities, 23 were significantly associated with active ingredient content. Therefore, we believe that the community from Cercospora significantly interferes with recruiting fungal communities in P. hydropiper and affects the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the host plant. These results provide an essential foundation for the large-scale production of P. hydropiper. They indicate that by colonizing specific fungal communities, secondary metabolic characteristics of host plants can be helped to be shaped, which is an essential means for developing new medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaowei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinwen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jilin Sun
- Sichuan Fuzheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Yan BC, Wang WG, Kong LM, Tang JW, Du X, Li Y, Puno PT. Cytochalasans from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 and Their Antimigratory Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050543. [PMID: 35628798 PMCID: PMC9143583 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochalasans from the endophytic fungi featured structure diversity. Our previous study has disclosed that cytochalasans from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 exhibited an antimigratory effect. Further chemical investigation on Phomopsis sp. shj2 has led to the discovery of seven new cytochalasans (1–7), together with four known ones. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic data interpretation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1–3 and 8–11 exhibited antimigratory effects against MDA-MB-231 in vitro with IC50 values in the range of 1.01−10.42 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ling-Mei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jian-Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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