1
|
Jiang Y, Liu X, Tian X, Zhou J, Wang Q, Wang B, Yu W, Jiang Y, Hsiang T, Qi X. RNA interference of Aspergillus flavus in response to Aspergillus flavus partitivirus 1 infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252294. [PMID: 38033556 PMCID: PMC10682719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the important defense responses against viral infection, but its mechanism and impact remain unclear in mycovirus infections. In our study, reverse genetics and virus-derived small RNA sequencing were used to show the antiviral responses of RNAi components in Aspergillus flavus infected with Aspergillus flavus partitivirus 1 (AfPV1). qRT-PCR revealed that AfPV1 infection induced the expression of the RNAi components in A. flavus compared with noninfected A. flavus. Knock mutants of each RNAi component were generated, but the mutants did not exhibit any obvious phenotypic changes compared with the A. flavus parental strain. However, after AfPV1 inoculation, production of AfPV1 was significantly less than in the parental strain. Furthermore, sporulation was greater in each AfPV1-infected mutant compared with the AfPV1-infected parental A. flavus. We also investigated the sensitivity of virus-free and AfPV1-infected RNAi mutants and the parental strain to cell wall stress, osmotic stress, genotoxic stress, and oxidative stress. The mutants of DCLs and AGOs infected by AfPV1 displayed more changes than RDRP mutants in response to the first three stresses. Small RNA sequencing analysis suggested that AfPV1 infection reduced the number of unique reads of sRNA in A. flavus, although there were many vsiRNA derived from the AfPV1 genome. GO term and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the functions of sRNA affected by AfPV1 infection were closely related to vacuole production. These results provide a better understanding of the functional role of RNAi in the impact of AfPV1 on the hypovirulence of A. flavus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sato Y, Suzuki N. Continued mycovirus discovery expanding our understanding of virus lifestyles, symptom expression, and host defense. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 75:102337. [PMID: 37343415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly expanded the RNA virome in general and have led to an exponential increase in new fungal viruses, also known as mycoviruses. Mycoviruses are omnipresent in fungi and usually induce symptomless infections. Some mycoviruses infecting fungi pathogenic to plants, insects, and mammals are known to modify host virulence positively and negatively and attract particular interests. In addition, fungal viruses continue to provide intriguing research materials and themes that lead to discoveries of peculiar viruses as infectious entities and insights into virus evolution and diversity. In this review, we outline the diversity and neolifestyle of recently discovered fungal RNA viruses, and phenotypic alterations induced by them. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in research regarding the fungal antiviral defense and viral counterdefense, which are closely associated with host phenotype alterations. We hope that this article will enhance understanding of the interesting and growing fungal virology field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Sato
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chu-ou, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Zhu H, He Y, Hong N, Wang G, Wang L. BdCV1-Encoded P3 Silencing Suppressor Identification and Its Roles in Botryosphaeria dothidea, Causing Pear Ring Rot Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2386. [PMID: 37830600 PMCID: PMC10571871 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pear ring rot disease is an important branch disease, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. With the discovery of fungal viruses, the use of their attenuated properties for biological control provides a new strategy for the biological control of fungal disease. RNA silencing is a major antiviral defense mechanism in plants, insects, and fungi. Viruses encode and utilize RNA silencing suppressors to suppress host defenses. Previous studies revealed that Botryosphaeria dothidea chrysovirus 1 (BdCV1) exhibited weak pathogenicity and could activate host gene silencing by infecting B. dothidea. The aim of our study was to investigate whether BdCV1 can encode a silencing suppressor and what effect it has on the host. In this study, the capability of silencing inhibitory activity of four BdCV1-encoded proteins was analyzed, and the P3 protein was identified as a BdCV1 RNA silencing suppressor in the exotic host Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c. In addition, we demonstrated that P3 could inhibit local silencing, block systemic RNA silencing, and induce the necrosis reaction of tobacco leaves. Furthermore, overexpression of P3 could slow down the growth rate and reduce the pathogenicity of B. dothidea, and to some extent affect the expression level of RNA silencing components and virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs). Combined with transcriptomic analysis, P3 had an effect on the gene expression and biological process of B. dothidea. The obtained results provide new theoretical information for further study of interaction between BdCV1 P3 as a potential silencing suppressor and B. dothidea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haodong Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ni Hong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andika IB, Tian M, Bian R, Cao X, Luo M, Kondo H, Sun L. Cross-Kingdom Interactions Between Plant and Fungal Viruses. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:119-138. [PMID: 37406341 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The large genetic and structural divergences between plants and fungi may hinder the transmission of viruses between these two kingdoms to some extent. However, recent accumulating evidence from virus phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of naturally occurring virus cross-infection suggest the occurrence of past and current transmissions of viruses between plants and plant-associated fungi. Moreover, artificial virus inoculation experiments showed that diverse plant viruses can multiply in fungi and vice versa. Thus, virus cross-infection between plants and fungi may play an important role in the spread, emergence, and evolution of both plant and fungal viruses and facilitate the interaction between them. In this review, we summarize current knowledge related to cross-kingdom virus infection in plants and fungi and further discuss the relevance of this new virological topic in the context of understanding virus spread and transmission in nature as well as developing control strategies for crop plant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Ruiling Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Xinran Cao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Ming Luo
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uncovering a Complex Virome Associated with the Cacao Pathogens Ceratocystis cacaofunesta and Ceratocystis fimbriata. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020287. [PMID: 36839559 PMCID: PMC9967352 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao is one of the main crops of economic importance in the world as the source of raw material for producing chocolate and derivatives. The crop is the main source of income for thousands of small farmers, who produce more than 80% of the world's cocoa supply. However, the emergence, re-emergence and proliferation of pathogens, such as Ceratocystis spp., the causative agent of Ceratocystis wilt disease and canker disease, have been affecting the sustainability of many crops. Fungal control is laborious, often depending on fungicides that are expensive and/or toxic to humans, prompting researchers to look for new solutions to counteract the proliferation of these pathogens, including the use of biological agents such as mycoviruses. In this study, we investigated the diversity of microorganisms associated with the T. cacao pathogens Ceratocystis cacaofunesta and Ceratocystis fimbriata with a focus on the virome using RNA sequencing data available in public databases. We used a comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline containing several steps for viral sequence enrichment and took advantage of an integrated assembly step composed of different assemblers followed by sequence similarity searches using NCBI nonredundant databases. Our strategy was able to identify four putative C. cacaofunesta viruses (hypovirus, sclerotimonavirus, alphapartitivirus and narnavirus) and six C. fimbriata viruses (three alphaendornaviruses, one victorivirus and two mitoviruses). All the viral sequences identified showed similarity to viral genomes in public databases only at the amino acid level, likely representing new viral species. Of note, we present the first report of viruses associated with the cacao pathogens C. cacaofunesta and C. fimbriata and the second report of viral species infecting members of the Ceratocystidaceae family. Our findings highlight the need for further prospective studies to uncover the real diversity of fungus-infecting viruses that can contribute to the development of new management strategies.
Collapse
|