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Wu X, Yan J, Qin M, Li R, Jia T, Liu Z, Ahmad P, El-Sheikh MA, Yadav KK, Rodríguez-Díaz JM, Zhang L, Liu P. Comprehensive transcriptome, physiological and biochemical analyses reveal that key role of transcription factor WRKY and plant hormone in responding cadmium stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:121979. [PMID: 39088904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is readily absorbed by tobacco and accumulates in the human body through smoke inhalation, posing threat to human health. While there have been many studies on the negative impact of cadmium in tobacco on human health, the specific adaptive mechanism of tobacco roots to cadmium stress is not well understood. In order to comprehensively investigate the effects of Cd stress on the root system of tobacco, the combination of transcriptomic, biochemical, and physiological methods was utilized. In this study, tobacco growth was significantly inhibited by 50 μM of Cd, which was mainly attributed to the destruction of root cellular structure. By comparing the transcriptome between CK and Cd treatment, there were 3232 up-regulated deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3278 down-regulated DEGs. The obvious differential expression of genes related to the nitrogen metabolism, metal transporters and the transcription factors families. In order to mitigate the harmful effects of Cd, the root system enhances Cd accumulation in the cell wall, thereby reducing the Cd content in the cytoplasm. This result may be mediated by plant hormones and transcription factor (TF). Correlational statistical analysis revealed significant negative correlations between IAA and GA with cadmium accumulation, indicated by correlation coefficients of -0.91 and -0.93, respectively. Conversely, ABA exhibited a positive correlation with a coefficient of 0.96. In addition, it was anticipated that 3 WRKY TFs would lead to a reduction in Cd accumulation. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the systematic study of the specific physiological processes of plant roots under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhe Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Jiyuan Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Mengzhan Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Runze Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Tao Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China.
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Deng S, Pan L, Ke T, Liang J, Zhang R, Chen H, Tang M, Hu W. Rhizophagus Irregularis regulates flavonoids metabolism in paper mulberry roots under cadmium stress. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:317-339. [PMID: 38836935 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera is widely found in cadmium (Cd) contaminated areas, with an inherent enhanced flavonoids metabolism and inhibited lignin biosynthesis, colonized by lots of symbiotic fungi, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which Rhizophagus irregularis, an AM fungus, regulates flavonoids and lignin in B. papyrifera under Cd stress remain unclear. Here, a pot experiment of B. papyrifera inoculated and non-inoculated with R. irregularis under Cd stress was carried out. We determined flavonoids and lignin concentrations in B. papyrifera roots by LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively, and measured the transcriptional levels of flavonoids- or lignin-related genes in B. papyrifera roots, aiming to ascertain the key components of flavonoids or lignin, and key genes regulated by R. irregularis in response to Cd stress. Without R. irregularis, the concentrations of eriodictyol, quercetin and myricetin were significantly increased under Cd stress. The concentrations of eriodictyol and genistein were significantly increased by R. irregularis, while the concentration of rutin was significantly decreased. Total lignin and lignin monomer had no alteration under Cd stress or with R. irregularis inoculation. As for flavonoids- or lignin-related genes, 26 genes were co-regulated by Cd stress and R. irregularis. Among these genes, BpC4H2, BpCHS8 and BpCHI5 were strongly positively associated with eriodictyol, indicating that these three genes participate in eriodictyol biosynthesis and were involved in R. irregularis assisting B. papyrifera to cope with Cd stress. This lays a foundation for further research revealing molecular mechanisms by which R. irregularis regulates flavonoids synthesis to enhance tolerance of B. papyrifera to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Deng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lan Pan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Ke
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wentao Hu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Khan SR, Ahmad Z, Khan Z, Khan U, Asad M, Shah T. Synergistic effect of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces cadmium accumulation by regulating hormonal transduction and lignin accumulation in maize. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140507. [PMID: 38303379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress causes serious damage to plants, inducing various physiological and biochemical disruptions that lead to reduced plant biomass and compromised growth. The study investigated the combined effects of silicon (Si) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on mitigating Cd stress in plants, revealing promising results in enhancing plant tolerance to Cd toxicity. Under Cd stress, plant biomass was significantly reduced (-33% and -30% shoot and root dry weights) as compared to control. However, Si and AMF application ameliorated this effect, leading to increased shoot and root dry weights (+47% and +39%). Furthermore, Si and AMF demonstrated their potential in reducing the relative Cd content (-43% and -36% in shoot and root) in plants and positively influencing plant colonization (+648%), providing eco-friendly and sustainable strategies to combat Cd toxicity in contaminated soils. Additionally, the combined treatment in the Cd-stressed conditions resulted in notable increases in saccharide compounds and hormone levels in both leaf and root tissues, further enhancing the plant's resilience to Cd-induced stress. Si and AMF also played a vital role in positively regulating key lignin biosynthesis genes and altering lignin-related metabolites, shedding light on their potential to fortify plants against Cd stress. These findings underscore the significance of Si and AMF as promising tools in addressing Cd toxicity and enhancing plant performance in Cd-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Rukh Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Applied College, Mahala Campus, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Center of Bee Research and Its Products, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Umair Khan
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Science (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit United States Department for Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
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Zhou HY, Nian FZ, Chen BD, Zhu YG, Yue XR, Zhang NM, Xia YS. Synergistic Reduction of Arsenic Uptake and Alleviation of Leaf Arsenic Toxicity in Maize ( Zea mays L.) by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Exogenous Iron through Antioxidant Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:677. [PMID: 37367613 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play key roles in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals, and iron (Fe) compounds can reduce the bioavailability of arsenic (As) in soil, thereby alleviating As toxicity. However, there have been limited studies of the synergistic antioxidant mechanisms of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) and Fe compounds in the alleviation of As toxicity on leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) with low and moderate As contamination. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with different concentrations of As (0, 25, 50 mgꞏkg-1) and Fe (0, 50 mgꞏkg-1) and AMF treatments. Results showed that under low and moderate As concentrations (As25 and As50), the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound significantly increased the biomass of maize stems and roots, phosphorus (P) concentration, and P-to-As uptake ratio. Moreover, the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound addition significantly reduced the As concentration in stem and root, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaf, and soluble protein and non-protein thiol (NPT) contents in leaf of maize under As25 and As50 treatments. In addition, co-inoculation with AMF and Fe compound addition significantly increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of maize under As25 treatment. Correlation analysis showed that stem biomass and leaf MDA content were very significantly negatively correlated with stem As content, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound addition can inhibit As uptake and promote P uptake by maize under low and moderate As contamination, thereby mitigating the lipid peroxidation on maize leaves and reducing As toxicity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes under low As contamination. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of AMF and Fe compounds in the restoration of cropland soil contaminated with low and moderate As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yin Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fu-Zhao Nian
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bao-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian-Rong Yue
- College of Marxism, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Nai-Ming Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Xia
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Wei H, Wang J, Wang Q, He W, Liao S, Huang J, Hu W, Tang M, Chen H. Role of melatonin in enhancing arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and mitigating cold stress in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123632. [PMID: 37283923 PMCID: PMC10239815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a biomolecule that affects plant development and is involved in protecting plants from environmental stress. However, the mechanisms of melatonin's impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and cold tolerance in plants are still unclear. In this research, AM fungi inoculation and exogenous melatonin (MT) were applied to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seedlings alone or in combination to investigate their effect on cold tolerance. The study was conducted in two parts. The initial trial examined two variables, AM inoculation, and cold stress, to investigate the involvement of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis in endogenous melatonin accumulation and the transcriptional levels of its synthesis genes in the root system of perennial ryegrass under cold stress. The subsequent trial was designed as a three-factor analysis, encompassing AM inoculation, cold stress, and melatonin application, to explore the effects of exogenous melatonin application on plant growth, AM symbiosis, antioxidant activity, and protective molecules in perennial ryegrass subjected to cold stress. The results of the study showed that compared to non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants, cold stress promoted an increase in the accumulation of melatonin in the AM-colonized counterparts. Acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) catalyzed the final enzymatic reaction in melatonin production. Melatonin accumulation was associated with the level of expression of the genes, LpASMT1 and LpASMT3. Treatment with melatonin can improve the colonization of AM fungi in plants. Simultaneous utilization of AM inoculation and melatonin treatment enhanced the growth, antioxidant activity, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, while simultaneously reducing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and altering osmotic regulation in the roots. These effects are expected to aid in the mitigation of cold stress in Lolium perenne. Overall, melatonin treatment would help Lolium perenne to improve growth by promoting AM symbiosis, improving the accumulation of protective molecules, and triggering in antioxidant activity under cold stress.
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Zhang M, Shi Z, Lu S, Wang F. AMF Inoculation Alleviates Molybdenum Toxicity to Maize by Protecting Leaf Performance. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040479. [PMID: 37108933 PMCID: PMC10146436 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a vital strategy for enhancing the phytoremediation of heavy metals. However, the role of AMF under molybdenum (Mo) stress is elusive. A pot culture experiment was conducted to explore the effects of AMF (Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Rhizophagus intraradices) inoculation on the uptake and transport of Mo and the physiological growth of maize plants under different levels of Mo addition (0, 100, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg). AMF inoculation significantly increased the biomass of maize plants, and the mycorrhizal dependency reached 222% at the Mo addition level of 1000 mg/kg. Additionally, AMF inoculation could induce different growth allocation strategies in response to Mo stress. Inoculation significantly reduced Mo transport, and the active accumulation of Mo in the roots reached 80% after inoculation at the high Mo concentration of 2000 mg/kg. In addition to enhancing the net photosynthetic and pigment content, inoculation also increased the biomass by enhancing the uptake of nutrients, including P, K, Zn, and Cu, to resist Mo stress. In conclusion, C. etunicatum and R. intraradices were tolerant to the Mo stress and could alleviate the Mo-induced phytotoxicity by regulating the allocation of Mo in plants and improving photosynthetic leaf pigment contents and the uptake of nutrition. Compared with C. etunicatum, R. intraradices showed a stronger tolerance to Mo, which was manifested by a stronger inhibition of Mo transport and a higher uptake of nutrient elements. Accordingly, AMF show potential for the bioremediation of Mo-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shichuan Lu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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