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Zhang F, Yang YQ, Zhou FP, Xiao W, Boonmee S, Yang XY. Multilocus Phylogeny and Characterization of Five Undescribed Aquatic Carnivorous Fungi ( Orbiliomycetes). J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:81. [PMID: 38276027 PMCID: PMC10817524 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) holds significant theoretical and practical implications in the study of adaptive evolution and the bio-control of harmful nematodes. However, compared to terrestrial ecosystems, research on aquatic NTF is still in its early stages. During a survey of NTF in six watersheds in Yunnan Province, China, we isolated 10 taxa from freshwater sediment. Subsequent identification based on morphological and multigene (ITS, TEF1-α, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses inferred they belong to five new species within Arthrobotrys. This paper provides a detailed description of these five novel species (Arthrobotrys cibiensis, A. heihuiensis, A. jinshaensis, A. yangbiensis, and A. yangjiangensis), contributing novel insights for further research into the diversity of NTF and providing new material for the biological control of aquatic harmful nematodes. Additionally, future research directions concerning aquatic NTF are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Zhang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yao-Quan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Fa-Ping Zhou
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Yunling Back-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali 671003, China
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; (F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Y.); (F.-P.Z.); (W.X.)
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
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Wu Y, Yang Z, Jiang Z, Nizamani MM, Zhang H, Liu M, Wei S, Wang Y, Li K. Isolation, Identification, and Evaluation of the Predatory Activity of Chinese Arthrobotrys Species towards Economically Important Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1125. [PMID: 38132726 PMCID: PMC10744419 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current investigation aimed to isolate and identify predatory fungal strains and evaluate their efficacy in mitigating the effects of plant-parasitic nematodes. We successfully isolated three distinct nematophagous fungal strains from soil samples, identified as Arthrobotrys megalosporus, A. oligospora, and A. sinensis, using conventional and molecular identification methodologies. In vitro trials illustrated the high capture efficiency of these fungi against plant-parasitic nematodes. Over an exposure period of 48 h to Aphelenchoides besseyi, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and Ditylenchus destructor, A. megalosporus (GUCC220044) displayed predation rates of 99.7%, 83.0%, and 21.1%, respectively. A. oligospora (GUCC220045) demonstrated predation rates of 97.3%, 97.3%, and 54.6%, and A. sinensis (GUCC220046) showed rates of 85.1%, 68.3%, and 19.0% against the same cohort of nematodes. The experimental outcomes substantiate that all three identified fungal strains demonstrate predatory activity against the tested nematodes, albeit with varying efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
| | - Zaifu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
- Institute of Vegetable Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhaochun Jiang
- Guizhou Station of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Mir Muhammad Nizamani
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
| | - Mingrui Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
| | - Kaihuai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.M.N.); (H.Z.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.)
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Yang X, Zhang F, Yang Y, Zhou F, Boonmee S, Xiao W, Yang X. Conidia Fusion: A Mechanism for Fungal Adaptation to Nutrient-Poor Habitats. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:755. [PMID: 37504743 PMCID: PMC10381365 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conidia fusion (CF) is a commonly observed structure in fungi. However, it has not been systematically studied. This study examined 2457 strains of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) to explore the species specificity, physiological period, and physiological significance of CF. The results demonstrated that only six species of Arthrobotrys can form CF among the sixty-five tested NTF species. The studies on the model species Arthrobotrys oligospora (DL228) showed that CF occurred in both shed and unshed plus mature and immature conidia. Additionally, the conidia fusion rate (CFR) increased significantly with the decrease of nutrient concentration in habitats. The studies on the conidia fusion body (CFB) produced by A. oligospora (DL228) revealed that the more conidia contained in the CFB, the faster and denser the mycelia of the CFB germinated in weak nutrient medium and soil plates. On the one hand, rapid mycelial extension is beneficial for the CFB to quickly find new nutrient sources in habitats with uneven nutrient distribution. On the other hand, dense mycelium increases the contact area with the environment, improving the nutrient absorption efficiency, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of conidia in the weak nutrient environment. In addition, all species that form CF produce smaller conidia. Based on this observation, CF may be a strategy to balance the defects (nutrient deficiency) caused by conidia miniaturization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Fa Zhang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yaoquan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Faping Zhou
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Yunling Back-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali 671003, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan State Education Department on Er'hai Lake Basin Protection and the Sustainable Development Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Yunling Back-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali 671003, China
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