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Bai H, Xian N, Zhao F, Zhou Y, Qin S. The dual role of SUSD2 in cancer development. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176754. [PMID: 38897441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2, also known as the complement control protein domain) is a representative and vital protein in the SUSD protein family involved in many physiological and pathological processes beyond complement regulation. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The complex role of SUSD2 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has raised increasing concerns. Studies suggest that SUSD2 has different regulatory tendencies among different tumors and exerts its biological effects in a cancer type-specific manner; for instance, it has oncogenic effects on breast cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma and has tumor-suppression effects on lung cancer, bladder cancer, and colon cancer. Moreover, SUSD2 can be regulated by noncoding RNAs, its promoter methylation and other molecules, such as Galectin-1 (Gal-1), tropomyosin alpha-4 chain (TPM4), and p63. The therapeutic implications of targeting SUSD2 have already been preliminarily revealed in some malignancies, including melanoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer. This article reviews the role and regulatory mechanisms of SUSD2 in cancer development, as well as its structure and distribution. We hope that this review will advance the understanding of SUSD2 as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker and provide new avenues for the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bai
- The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Ningyi Xian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yikun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sida Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Endometrial Stem/Progenitor Cells: Prospects and Challenges. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091466. [PMID: 36143251 PMCID: PMC9505339 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium is one of the most regenerative tissues in the body, undergoing over 400 cycles of menstrual shedding and regeneration during reproductive life [...]
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Feng Y, Luo J, Cheng J, Xu A, Qiu D, He S, Zheng D, Jia C, Zhang Q, Lin N. A Small-Molecule Cocktails-Based Strategy in Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:819148. [PMID: 35360405 PMCID: PMC8963903 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.819148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a variety of unique properties, such as stem cell multipotency and immune regulation, making them attractive for use in cell therapy. Before infusion therapy, MSCs are required to undergo tissue separation, purification, and expansion in vitro for a certain duration. During the process of in vitro expansion of MSCs, the influence of culture time and environment can lead to cell senescence, increased heterogeneity, and function attenuation, which limits their clinical applications. We used a cocktail of three small-molecule compounds, ACY (A-83–01, CHIR99021, and Y-27632), to increase the proliferation activity of MSCs in vitro and reduce cell senescence. ACY inhibited the increase in heterogeneity of MSCs and conserved their differentiation potential. Additionally, ACY maintained the phenotype of MSCs and upregulated the expression of immunomodulatory factors. These results suggest that ACY can effectively improve the quantity and quality of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Cheng
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixiao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Changchang Jia
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
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Cousins FL, Filby CE, Gargett CE. Endometrial Stem/Progenitor Cells–Their Role in Endometrial Repair and Regeneration. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 3:811537. [PMID: 36304009 PMCID: PMC9580754 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.811537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium is a remarkable tissue, undergoing ~450 cycles of proliferation, differentiation, shedding (menstruation), repair, and regeneration over a woman's reproductive lifespan. Post-menstrual repair is an extremely rapid and scar-free process, with re-epithelialization of the luminal epithelium completed within 48 h of initiation of shedding. Following menstruation, the functionalis grows from the residual basalis layer during the proliferative phase under the influence of rising circulating estrogen levels. The regenerative capacity of the endometrium is attributed to stem/progenitor cells which reside in both the epithelial and stromal cell compartments of the basalis layer. Finding a definitive marker for endometrial epithelial progenitors (eEPCs) has proven difficult. A number of different markers have been suggested as putative progenitor markers including, N-cadherin, SSEA-1, AXIN2, SOX-9 and ALDH1A1, some of which show functional stem cell activity in in vitro assays. Each marker has a unique location(s) in the glandular epithelium, which has led to the suggestion that a differentiation hierarchy exists, from the base of epithelial glands in the basalis to the luminal epithelium lining the functionalis, where epithelial cells express different combinations of markers as they differentiate and move up the gland into the functionalis away from the basalis niche. Perivascular endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) can be identified by co-expression of PDGFRβ and CD146 or by a single marker, SUSD2. This review will detail the known endometrial stem/progenitor markers; their identity, location and known interactions and hierarchy across the menstrual cycle, in particular post-menstrual repair and estrogen-driven regeneration, as well as their possible contributions to menstruation-related disorders such as endometriosis and regeneration-related disorder Asherman's syndrome. We will also highlight new techniques that allow for a greater understanding of stem/progenitor cells' role in repair and regeneration, including 3D organoids, 3D slice cultures and gene sequencing at the single cell level. Since mouse models are commonly used to study menstruation, repair and regeneration we will also detail the mouse stem/progenitor markers that have been investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Cousins
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Fiona L. Cousins
| | - Caitlin E. Filby
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Sanchez-Mata A, Gonzalez-Muñoz E. Understanding menstrual blood-derived stromal/stem cells: Definition and properties. Are we rushing into their therapeutic applications? iScience 2021; 24:103501. [PMID: 34917895 PMCID: PMC8646170 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells with mesenchymal stem cell properties have been identified in menstrual blood and termed menstrual blood-derived stem/stromal cells (MenSCs). MenSCs have been proposed as ideal candidates for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine and immune-related diseases. However, MenSCs identity has been loosely defined so far and there is controversy regarding their cell markers and differentiation potential. In this review, we outline the origin of MenSCs in the context of regenerating human endometrium, with attention to endometrial eMSCs as reference cells to understand MenSCs. We summarize the cell identity markers analyzed and the immunomodulatory and reparative properties reported. We also address the recent use of MenSCs in cell reprogramming. The main goal of this review is to contribute to the understanding of the identity and properties of MenSCs as well as to identify potential caveats and new venues that deserve to be explored to strengthen their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sanchez-Mata
- Andalusian Laboratory of Cell Reprogramming (LARCel), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Muñoz
- Andalusian Laboratory of Cell Reprogramming (LARCel), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Hennes DMZB, Rosamilia A, Werkmeister JA, Gargett CE, Mukherjee S. Endometrial SUSD2 + Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Tissue Engineering: Advances in Novel Cellular Constructs for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090840. [PMID: 34575617 PMCID: PMC8471527 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy is an emerging field in clinical and personalised medicine. Many adult mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC) or pluripotent derivatives are being assessed simultaneously in preclinical trials for their potential treatment applications in chronic and degenerative human diseases. Endometrial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (eMSC) have been identified as clonogenic cells that exist in unique perivascular niches within the uterine endometrium. Compared with MSC isolated from other tissue sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue, eMSC can be extracted through less invasive methods of tissue sampling, and they exhibit improvements in potency, proliferative capacity, and control of culture-induced differentiation. In this review, we summarize the potential cell therapy and tissue engineering applications of eMSC in pelvic organ prolapse (POP), emphasising their ability to exert angiogenic and strong immunomodulatory responses that improve tissue integration of novel surgical constructs for POP and promote vaginal tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Z. B. Hennes
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.R.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Pelvic Floor Disorders Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.M.Z.B.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Rosamilia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.R.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Pelvic Floor Disorders Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jerome A. Werkmeister
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.R.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.R.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Shayanti Mukherjee
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.R.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.M.Z.B.H.); (S.M.)
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Cai X, Zou F, Xuan R, Lai XY. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells expressing microribonucleic acid-125b inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy via the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6/Akt axis. Endocr J 2021; 68:817-828. [PMID: 34024846 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) seriously threatens the health of patients with diabetes. Moreover, it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomal miRNAs can modulate the progression of multiple diseases, including DN. It has been suggested that miR-125b is involved in DN. However, the biological functions of exosomal miRNAs, especially miR-125b, in DN are still unclear. To establish a DN model in vitro, we used a model of human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HKCs) injury induced by high glucose (HG). Then, miR-125b was delivered to the model cells in vitro via MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), and the effect of exosomal miR-125b on HKCs apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR or western blotting was performed to measure miR-125b or tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression in HKC. The effect of MSC-Exos on HKCs apoptosis after miR-125b knockdown was determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the targeting relationship between miR-125b and TRAF6 in HKCs. Our data revealed that MSC-Exos increased HG-induced autophagy in HKCs and reversed HKCs apoptosis. Moreover, our study found that miR-125b was enriched in MSC-Exos and directly targeted TRAF6 in HKCs. In addition, exosomally transferred miR-125b inhibited the apoptosis of HG-treated HKCs by mediating Akt signalling. In summary, MSC-derived exosomal miR-125b induced autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in HG-treated HKCs via the downregulation of TRAF6. Therefore, our study provided a new idea for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
| | - Rui Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Yang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
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Identification and characterisation of maternal perivascular SUSD2 + placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:803-815. [PMID: 33961124 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that meet the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria are obtained from placental tissue by plastic adherence. Historically, no known single marker was available for isolating placental MSCs (pMSCs) from the decidua basalis. As the decidua basalis is derived from the regenerative endometrium, we hypothesised that SUSD2, an endometrial perivascular MSC marker, would purify maternal perivascular pMSC. Perivascular pMSCs were isolated from the maternal placenta using SUSD2 magnetic bead sorting and assessed for the colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F), surface markers, and in vitro differentiation into mesodermal lineages. Multi-colour immunofluorescence was used to colocalise SUSD2 and α-SMA, a perivascular marker in the decidua basalis. Placental stromal cell suspensions comprised 5.1%SUSD2+ cells. SUSD2 magnetic bead sorting of the placental stromal cells increased their purity approximately two-fold. SUSD2+ pMSCs displayed greater CFU-F activity than SUSD2- stromal fibroblasts (pSFs). However, both SUSD2+ pMSC and SUSD2- pSF underwent mesodermal differentiation in vitro, and both expressed the ISCT surface markers. Higher percentages of cultured SUSD2+ pMSCs expressed the perivascular markers CD146, CD140b, and SUSD2 than SUSD2- pSFs. These findings suggest that SUSD2 is a single marker that enriches maternal pMSCs, suggesting they may originate from eMSC. Placental decidua basalis can be used as an alternative source of MSC for clinical translation in situations where there is no access to endometrial tissue.
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