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Sessa F, Chisari M, Salerno M, Esposito M, Zuccarello P, Capasso E, Scoto E, Cocimano G. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and forensic investigations: Searching for the cause of death. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 137:104907. [PMID: 38820762 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) are a group of structural abnormalities or defects of the heart that are present at birth. CHDs could be connected to sudden death (SD), defined by the WHO (World Health Organization) as "death occurring within 24 h after the onset of the symptoms" in an apparently "healthy" subject. These conditions can range from relatively mild defects to severe, life-threatening anomalies. The prevalence of CHDs varies across populations, but they affect millions of individuals worldwide. This article aims to discuss the post-mortem investigation of death related to CHDs, exploring the forensic approach, current methodologies, challenges, and potential advancements in this challenging field. A further goal of this article is to provide a guide for understanding these complex diseases, highlighting the pivotal role of autopsy, histopathology, and genetic investigations in defining the cause of death, and providing evidence about the translational use of autopsy reports. Forensic investigations play a crucial role in understanding the complexities of CHDs and determining the cause of death accurately. Through collaboration between medical professionals and forensic experts, meticulous examinations, and analysis of evidence, valuable insights can be gained. These insights not only provide closure to the families affected but also contribute to the prevention of future tragedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Mario Chisari
- "Rodolico-San Marco" Hospital, Santa Sofia Street, 87, Catania 95121, Italy.
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | | | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Capasso
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Edmondo Scoto
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cocimano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Vanvitelli", 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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Zuo JY, Chen HX, Yang Q, He GW. Variants of the promoter of MYH6 gene in congenital isolated and sporadic patent ductus arteriosus: case-control study and cellular functional analyses. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:884-893. [PMID: 38340456 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common form of congenital heart disease. The MYH6 gene has important effects on cardiovascular growth and development, but the effect of variants in the MYH6 gene promoter on ductus arteriosus is unknown. DNA was extracted from blood samples of 721 subjects (428 patients with isolated and sporadic PDA and 293 healthy controls) and analyzed by sequencing for MYH6 gene promoter region variants. Cellular function experiments with three cell lines (HEK-293, HL-1, and H9C2 cells) and bioinformatics analyses were performed to verify their effects on gene expression. In the MYH6 gene promoter, 11 variants were identified. Four variants were found only in patients with PDA and 2 of them (g.3434G>C and g.4524C>T) were novel. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the transcription factors bound by the promoter variants were significantly altered in comparison to the wild-type in all three cell lines. Dual luciferase reporter showed that all the 4 variants reduced the transcriptional activity of the MYH6 gene promoter (P < 0.05). Prediction of transcription factors bound by the variants indicated that these variants alter the transcription factor binding sites. These pathological alterations most likely affect the contraction of the smooth muscle of ductus arteriosus, leading to PDA. This study is the first to focus on variants at the promoter region of the MYH6 gene in PDA patients with cellular function tests. Therefore, this study provides new insights to understand the genetic basis and facilitates further studies on the mechanism of PDA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yang Zuo
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
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Li KX, Li JR, Zuo SJ, Li X, Chen XT, Xiao PY, Li HT, Sun L, Qian T, Zhang HM, Zhu D, Yu XY, Chen G, Jiang XY. Identification of miR-20b-5p as an inhibitory regulator in cardiac differentiation via TET2 and DNA hydroxymethylation. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:42. [PMID: 38491513 PMCID: PMC10943922 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent congenital cardiac malformation, which lacks effective early biological diagnosis and intervention. MicroRNAs, as epigenetic regulators of cardiac development, provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD. However, the mechanisms underlying miRNAs-mediated regulation of cardiac development and CHD malformation remain to be further elucidated. This study aimed to explore the function of microRNA-20b-5p (miR-20b-5p) in cardiac development and CHD pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS miRNA expression profiling identified that miR-20b-5p was significantly downregulated during a 12-day cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), whereas it was markedly upregulated in plasma samples of atrial septal defect (ASD) patients. Our results further revealed that miR-20b-5p suppressed hESCs-derived cardiac differentiation by targeting tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, leading to a reduction in key cardiac transcription factors including GATA4, NKX2.5, TBX5, MYH6 and cTnT. Additionally, knockdown of TET2 significantly inhibited cardiac differentiation, which could be partially restored by miR-20b-5p inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study provides compelling evidence that miR-20b-5p functions as an inhibitory regulator in hESCs-derived cardiac differentiation by targeting TET2, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Li
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jia-Ru Li
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zuo
- Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xian-Tong Chen
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Pei-Yi Xiao
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hui-Tao Li
- Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiac Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hao-Min Zhang
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xue-Yan Jiang
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Ma Q, Yang Y, Liu Y. Associations between NKX2-5 gene polymorphisms and congenital heart disease in the Chinese Tibetan population. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8407-8415. [PMID: 36505279 PMCID: PMC9730064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been fully elucidated, and this study considers the interaction between inheritance and the environment as the main cause of CHD. Previous studies have found that the incidence of CHD in the Tibetan plateau population is significantly higher than in low-altitude populations. Numerous reports have confirmed that NKX2-5 gene mutations can lead to coronary heart disease, but the relationship between NKX2-5 and Tibetan nationality has not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between NKX2-5 gene polymorphisms and CHD in Tibetan people. METHODS Blood samples were collected retrospectively from Tibetan patients diagnosed with CHD as well as healthy Tibetans, and the exons of NKX2-5 were sequenced. The MassARRAY technique was used to detect and genotype candidate tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the non-coding regions of NKX2-5. RESULTS Exon sequencing revealed no difference in the coding regions of the NKX2-5 gene between the CHD and control groups. In the non-coding regions of NKX2-5, rs6882776 and rs2546741 differed significantly between the two groups. Strong linkage disequilibrium was found between the selected sites of NKX2-5. CONCLUSIONS The NKX2-5 exons do not associate with CHD in Tibetans. Rs6882776 and rs2546741 in the non-coding regions of NKX2-5 may protect against CHD in Tibetans. The NKX2-5 haplotype associated with CHD occurrence in the Tibetan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, Medical College of Qinghai University16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China,Department of Pathology, Sunshine Union HospitalYingqian Road, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Yingzhong Yang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, Medical College of Qinghai University16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Yongnian Liu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, Medical College of Qinghai University16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
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