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Huang Y, Liu L, Gan Q, Shen Z, Yao Y, Liao C, Lu S, zou Y, Huang Y, Kong J, Fan X. Estimation of the tumor size at cure threshold among adult patients with adrenocortical carcinoma: A populational-based study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28160. [PMID: 38571632 PMCID: PMC10987901 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic significance of tumor size with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. Our objective was to investigate the influence of tumor size on prognostic value in adult ACC patients. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) was employed to identify adult ACC patients who had been diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. The "X-Tile" program determined the optimal cutoff value of tumor size. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survive (OS) were estimated. The survival outcomes and risk factors were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier methods and the multivariable cox regression respectively. Results A total 426 adult ACC patients were included. Univariable and multivariable cox analysis revealed age, larger tumor size and metastasis as consistent predictors of lower CSS and OS. The optimal cutoff value of tumor size was identified as 8.5 cm using X-tile software, and Kaplan-Meier method showed dramatic prognostic difference between patients with larger tumors (>8.5 cm) and smaller tumors (≤8.5 cm) (log-rank test, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed no statistical significance and a consistent proportionate effect of tumor size on CSS and OS across all eight pre-specified subgroups. Interestingly, an additional subgroup analysis showed that ACC patients could not benefit from chemotherapy in terms of CSS and OS. Conclusion The study suggests that tumor size is a crucial prognostic factor in ACC patients and a cutoff value 8.5 cm might indicate a poor outcome. Given the limitations of the available data, it is challenging to conclusively determine the benefit of chemotherapy in adult ACC patients across different tumor size ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Qinghua Gan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Zefeng Shen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Yuhui Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Chengxiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Sihong Lu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Yitong zou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Yaqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
| | - Xinxiang Fan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, PR China
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Fei L, Cantini G, Nocentini A, Nardini P, Catarinicchia S, Canu L, Ercolino T, Quartararo G, Nesi G, Gacci M, Maggi M, Hantel C, Mannelli M, Supuran CT, Luconi M. Carbonic anhydrases III and IX are new players in the crosstalk between adrenocortical carcinoma and its altered adipose microenvironment. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02008-4. [PMID: 36646964 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare malignancy of the adrenocortex, is characterized by a crosstalk between the adipose microenvironment and tumor. Here, we assessed the involvement of carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes III and IX (CAIII and CAIX), in the metabolic alterations of the adipose tissue characterizing obesity and in the local crosstalk between the tumor adipose microenvironment and ACC. RESULTS/METHODS CAIII and CAIX expression is altered in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obesity and in ACC. A significant CAIX upregulation was present in ACC at advanced stages (n = 14) (fold increase FI = 7.4 ± 0.1, P < 0.05) associated with lower CAIII levels (FI = 0.25 ± 0.06, P < 0.001), compared with lower stages (n = 9). In vitro coculture between visceral adipose stem cells (ASCs) and ACC cell lines, H295R and MUC-1, mimicking the interaction occurring between VAT and advanced ACC, showed a significant CAIX upregulation in H295R but not in MUC-1 cells, and a decreased expression of CAIII. The effect on adipose cells was different when cocultured with H295R or MUC-1 cells. Coculture did not modulate CAIII expression in ASCs, which, however, was significantly downregulated with H295R (FI = 0.34 ± 0.11, P < 0.05) and upregulated by MUC-1 when cocultured ASCs were induced to differentiate toward adipocytes, with an expression profile similar to what found in VAT of obese subjects. CAIX expression was markedly increased in ASCs cocultured with H295R and to a less extent following adipogenesis induction (FI = 150.9 ± 46.5 and FI = 4.6 ± 1.1, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a modulation of CAIII and CAIX in the metabolic crosstalk between ACC and its local adipose microenvironment, suggesting that CAs might represent a potential target for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fei
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Cantini
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Nocentini
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - P Nardini
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Catarinicchia
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Canu
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - T Ercolino
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Quartararo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - G Nesi
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Gacci
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- Department of Minimally Invasive, Robotic Urologic Surgery & Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - C Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Mannelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - C T Supuran
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - M Luconi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy.
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy.
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Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215245. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) typically presents in advanced stages of disease and has a dismal prognosis. One of the foremost reasons for this is the lack of available systemic therapies, with mitotane remaining the backbone of treatment since its discovery in the 1960s, despite underwhelming efficacy. Surgery remains the only potentially curative option, but about half of patients will recur post-operatively, often with metastatic disease. Other local treatment options have been attempted but are only used practically on a case-by-case basis. Over the past few decades there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular background of ACC, but this has not yet translated to better treatment options. Attempts at novel treatment strategies have not provided significant clinical benefit. This paper reviews our current treatment options and molecular understanding of ACC and the reasons why a successful treatment has remained elusive. Additionally, we discuss the knowledge gaps that need to be overcome to bring us closer to successful treatment and ways to bridge them.
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4
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Sigala S, Rossini E, Abate A, Tamburello M, Bornstein SR, Hantel C. An update on adrenocortical cell lines of human origin. Endocrine 2022; 77:432-437. [PMID: 35764904 PMCID: PMC9385758 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, heterogenous and highly malignant disease. Management of ACC is dependent on disease stage with complete surgical resection as the only potentially curative option. However, advanced, un-resectable, metastatic stages and also recurrences often require systemic treatments, which are unfortunately nowadays still unsatisfactory. The scarcity of preclinical models reflecting patient heterogeneities and furthermore drug-resistant phenotypes, has hampered the progress and development of new therapies in recent years. In this review, we provide an overview on the classical models and substantial progress which has been made over the last years in context of this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tamburello
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Paul-Langerhans-Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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5
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Provenzano A, Chetta M, De Filpo G, Cantini G, La Barbera A, Nesi G, Santi R, Martinelli S, Rapizzi E, Luconi M, Maggi M, Mannelli M, Ercolino T, Canu L. Novel Germline PHD2 Variant in a Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, but in the Absence of Polycythemia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081113. [PMID: 36013579 PMCID: PMC9416477 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pheochromocytoma (Pheo) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare tumors, mostly resulting from pathogenic variants of predisposing genes, with a genetic contribution that now stands at around 70%. Germline variants account for approximately 40%, while the remaining 30% is attributable to somatic variants. Objective: This study aimed to describe a new PHD2 (EGLN1) variant in a patient affected by metastatic Pheo and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) without polycythemia and to emphasize the need to adopt a comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Methods: Genetic analysis was carried out by NGS. This analysis was initially performed using a panel of genes known for tumor predisposition (EGLN1, EPAS1, FH, KIF1Bβ, MAX, NF1, RET, SDHA, SDHAF2, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, TMEM127, and VHL), followed initially by SNP-CGH array, to exclude the presence of the pathogenic Copy Number Variants (CNVs) and the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and subsequently by whole exome sequencing (WES) comparative sequence analysis of the DNA extracted from tumor fragments and peripheral blood. Results: We found a novel germline PHD2 (EGLN1) gene variant, c.153G>A, p.W51*, in a patient affected by metastatic Pheo and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the absence of polycythemia. Conclusions: According to the latest guidelines, it is mandatory to perform genetic analysis in all Pheo/PGL cases regardless of phenotype. In patients with metastatic disease and no evidence of polycythemia, we propose testing for PHD2 (EGLN1) gene variants. A possible correlation between PHD2 (EGLN1) pathogenic variants and CML clinical course should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldesia Provenzano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Chetta
- Medical Genetics, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale (A.O.R.N.) Cardarelli, Padiglione, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Filpo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Cantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea La Barbera
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Martinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Rapizzi
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Michaela Luconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Tonino Ercolino
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Canu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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6
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Sigala S, Bothou C, Penton D, Abate A, Peitzsch M, Cosentini D, Tiberio GAM, Bornstein SR, Berruti A, Hantel C. A Comprehensive Investigation of Steroidogenic Signaling in Classical and New Experimental Cell Models of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:1439. [PMID: 35563746 PMCID: PMC9103477 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a heterogeneous and aggressive cancer that originates from steroidogenic cells within the adrenal cortex. In this study, we have assessed for the preclinical gold standard NCI-H295 in direct comparison with the more recently established MUC-1 and a here newly reported ACC cell line (TVBF-7) the mutational status of important driver genes (TP53, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CTNNB1, APC, ZNRF-3, IGF-2, EGFR, RB1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RET, GNAS and PTEN), Wnt-signaling specificities (CTNNB1 mutation vs. APC mutation vs. wildtype), steroidogenic-(CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3B2, HSD17B4, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, MC2R, AT1R) and nuclear-receptor-signaling (AR, ER, GCR), varying electrophysiological potentials as well as highly individual hormone secretion profiles (Cortisol, Aldosterone, DHEA, DHEAS, Testosterone, 17-OH Progesterone, among others) which were investigated under basal and stimulated conditions (ACTH, AngII, FSK). Our findings reveal important genetic and pathophysiological characteristics for these three cell lines and reveal the importance of such cell-line panels reflecting differential endocrine functionalities to thereby better reflect clinically well-known ACC patient heterogeneities in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Christina Bothou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - David Penton
- Electrophysiology Facility (e-phac), Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich (UZH), 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Guido A. M. Tiberio
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul-Langerhans-Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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