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Rastgar A, Kheyrandish S, Vahidi M, Heidari R, Ghorbani M. Advancements in small interfering RNAs therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: promising results and future perspectives. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:737. [PMID: 38874790 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer among children, presenting significant healthcare challenges for some patients, including drug resistance and the need for targeted therapies. SiRNA-based therapy is one potential solution, but problems can arise in administration and the need for a delivery system to protect siRNA during intravenous injection. Additionally, siRNA encounters instability and degradation in the reticuloendothelial system, off-target effects, and potential immune system stimulation. Despite these limitations, some promising results about siRNA therapy in ALL patients have been published in recent years, showing the potential for more effective and precise treatment, reduced side effects, and personalized approaches. While siRNA-based therapies demonstrate safety and efficacy, addressing the mentioned limitations is crucial for further optimization. Advancements in siRNA-delivery technologies and combination therapies hold promise to improve treatment effectiveness and overcome drug resistance. Ultimately, despite its challenges, siRNA therapy has the potential to revolutionize ALL treatments and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Rastgar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setare Kheyrandish
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Vahidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alanzi T, Almahdi R, Alghanim D, Almusmili L, Saleh A, Alanazi S, Alshobaki K, Attar R, Al Qunais A, Alzahrani H, Alshehri R, Sulail A, Alblwi A, Alanzi N, Alanzi N. Factors Affecting the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Virtual Assistants for Leukemia Self-Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e49724. [PMID: 38161825 PMCID: PMC10757561 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyze the various influencing factors affecting the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled virtual assistants (VAs) for self-management of leukemia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design is adopted in this study. The questionnaire included eight factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, trust, perceived privacy risk, and personal innovativeness) affecting the acceptance of AI-enabled virtual assistants. A total of 397 leukemia patients participated in the online survey. RESULTS Performance expectancy (μ = 3.14), effort expectancy (μ = 3.05), and personal innovativeness (μ = 3.14) were identified to be the major influencing factors of AI adoption. Statistically significant differences (p < .05) were observed between the gender-based and age groups of the participants in relation to the various factors. In addition, perceived privacy risks were negatively correlated with all other factors. CONCLUSION Although there are negative factors such as privacy risks and ethical issues in AI adoption, perceived effectiveness and ease of use among individuals are leading to greater adoption of AI-enabled VAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Alanzi
- Department of Health Information Management and Technology, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Reham Almahdi
- College of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, SAU
| | - Danya Alghanim
- College of Medicine and Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, IRL
| | | | - Amani Saleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ibnsina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sarah Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacy, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Mubarraz, SAU
| | | | - Renad Attar
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Haneen Alzahrani
- Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Hospital at King Abdulaziz Airbase Dhahran, Dhahran, SAU
| | | | - Amenah Sulail
- College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Ali Alblwi
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nawaf Alanzi
- Department of Blood Bank, Regional Laboratory and Blood Banks Arar, Arar, SAU
| | - Nouf Alanzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Jouf, SAU
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Ruan Y, Xie L, Zou A. Association of CDKN2A/B mutations, PD-1, and PD-L1 with the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10841-10850. [PMID: 37314514 PMCID: PMC10423156 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, the significance of CDKN2A/B mutations in the pathogenesis and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is inconclusive. In this study, we analyzed the genetic and clinical features of children with CDKN2A/B mutations in ALL. In addition, we evaluated the expression and significance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in serum and explored their role in the susceptibility of childhood ALL. METHODS We sequenced CDKN2A/B in the peripheral blood of 120 children with ALL and 100 healthy children with physical examination. The levels of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Furthermore, the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was detected by ELISA. RESULTS We found 32 cases of CDKN2A rs3088440 and 11 of CDKN2B rs2069426 in 120 ALL children. Children with ALL in the CDKN2A rs3088440 were more likely to have hepatosplenomegaly (P = 0.019) and high risk (P = 0.014) than the wild group. In contrast, CDKN2B rs2069426 was more likely to develop lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017). The level of PD-L1 in the serum of ALL children was significantly higher than that of the control group, and there was no significant difference in PD-1 (P < 0.001). Additionally, children with CDKN2A rs3088440 had reduced CD8+ T cell counts than the wild group (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION CDKN2A rs3088440 and CDKN2B rs2069426 may be related to the occurrence and development of ALL in Chinese children. Additionally, PD-1/PD-L1 may be involved in the immune escape process of ALL, which is expected to become a new target for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ruan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Aijun Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
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MiRNAs in Hematopoiesis and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065436. [PMID: 36982511 PMCID: PMC10049736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common kind of pediatric cancer. Although the cure rates in ALL have significantly increased in developed countries, still 15–20% of patients relapse, with even higher rates in developing countries. The role of non-coding RNA genes as microRNAs (miRNAs) has gained interest from researchers in regard to improving our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying ALL development, as well as identifying biomarkers with clinical relevance. Despite the wide heterogeneity reveled in miRNA studies in ALL, consistent findings give us confidence that miRNAs could be useful to discriminate between leukemia linages, immunophenotypes, molecular groups, high-risk-for-relapse groups, and poor/good responders to chemotherapy. For instance, miR-125b has been associated with prognosis and chemoresistance in ALL, miR-21 has an oncogenic role in lymphoid malignancies, and the miR-181 family can act either as a oncomiR or tumor suppressor in several hematological malignancies. However, few of these studies have explored the molecular interplay between miRNAs and their targeted genes. This review aims to state the different ways in which miRNAs could be involved in ALL and their clinical implications.
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