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Ami D, Franco AR, Artusa V, Romerio A, Shaik MM, Italia A, Anguita J, Pasco S, Mereghetti P, Peri F, Natalello A. Vibrational spectroscopy coupled with machine learning sheds light on the cellular effects induced by rationally designed TLR4 agonists. Talanta 2024; 275:126104. [PMID: 38677166 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to compare on whole cells, in an unbiased and untargeted way, the capacity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two rationally designed molecules (FP20 and FP20Rha) to activate molecular circuits of innate immunity. These compounds are important drug hits in the development of vaccine adjuvants and tumor immunotherapeutics. The biological assays indicated that FP20Rha was more potent than FP20 in inducing cytokine production in cells and in stimulating IgG antibody production post-vaccination in mice. Accordingly, the overall significant IR spectral changes induced by the treatment with LPS and FP20Rha were similar, lipids and glycans signals being the most diagnostic, while the effect of the less potent molecule FP20 on cells resulted to be closer to control untreated cells. We propose here the use of FTIR spectroscopy supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve a more holistic understanding of the cell response to new drug candidates while screening them in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Rita Franco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Romerio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Mohammed Monsoor Shaik
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Italia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Juan Anguita
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Samuel Pasco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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Raposo-Neto JJ, Kowalski-Neto E, Luiz WB, Fonseca EA, Cedro AKCL, Singh MN, Martin FL, Vassallo PF, Campos LCG, Barauna VG. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Supervised Machine Learning as a Screening Tool for Neutropenia. J Pers Med 2023; 14:9. [PMID: 38276224 PMCID: PMC10817549 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of non-invasive tools in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) to detect diseases has the potential to revolutionize healthcare. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a technology that can be used to analyze biological samples in a non-invasive manner. This study evaluated the use of NIR spectroscopy in the fingertip to detect neutropenia in solid-tumor oncologic patients. A total of 75 patients were enrolled in the study. Fingertip NIR spectra and complete blood counts were collected from each patient. The NIR spectra were pre-processed using Savitzky-Golay smoothing and outlier detection. The pre-processed data were split into training/validation and test sets using the Kennard-Stone method. A toolbox of supervised machine learning classification algorithms was applied to the training/validation set using a stratified 5-fold cross-validation regimen. The algorithms included linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machines (SVMs). The SVM model performed best in the validation step, with 85% sensitivity, 89% negative predictive value (NPV), and 64% accuracy. The SVM model showed 67% sensitivity, 82% NPV, and 57% accuracy on the test set. These results suggest that NIR spectroscopy in the fingertip, combined with machine learning methods, can be used to detect neutropenia in solid-tumor oncology patients in a non-invasive and timely manner. This approach could help reduce exposure to invasive tests and prevent neutropenic patients from inadvertently undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquim Raposo-Neto
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil; (W.B.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.K.C.L.C.)
| | - Eduardo Kowalski-Neto
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil;
| | - Wilson Barros Luiz
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil; (W.B.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.K.C.L.C.)
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Estherlita Almeida Fonseca
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil; (W.B.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.K.C.L.C.)
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Karla Costa Logrado Cedro
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil; (W.B.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.K.C.L.C.)
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Maneesh N. Singh
- Biocel UK Ltd., Hull HU10 6TS, UK; (M.N.S.); (F.L.M.)
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield S44 5BL, UK
| | - Francis L. Martin
- Biocel UK Ltd., Hull HU10 6TS, UK; (M.N.S.); (F.L.M.)
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK
| | - Paula Frizera Vassallo
- Clinical Hospital Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Luciene Cristina Gastalho Campos
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil; (W.B.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.K.C.L.C.)
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Valerio Garrone Barauna
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29932-540, Brazil;
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