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Domrazek K, Jurka P. Application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Techniques for Selected Companion Animals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1578. [PMID: 38891625 PMCID: PMC11171117 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques have revolutionized veterinary medicine for cats and dogs, offering insights across various domains. In veterinary parasitology, NGS enables comprehensive profiling of parasite populations, aiding in understanding transmission dynamics and drug resistance mechanisms. In infectious diseases, NGS facilitates rapid pathogen identification, characterization of virulence factors, and tracking of outbreaks. Moreover, NGS sheds light on metabolic processes by elucidating gene expression patterns and metabolic pathways, essential for diagnosing metabolic disorders and designing tailored treatments. In autoimmune diseases, NGS helps identify genetic predispositions and molecular mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation. Veterinary oncology benefits from NGS through personalized tumor profiling, mutation analysis, and identification of therapeutic targets, fostering precision medicine approaches. Additionally, NGS plays a pivotal role in veterinary genetics, unraveling the genetic basis of inherited diseases and facilitating breeding programs for healthier animals. Physiological investigations leverage NGS to explore complex biological systems, unraveling gene-environment interactions and molecular pathways governing health and disease. Application of NGS in treatment planning enhances precision and efficacy by enabling personalized therapeutic strategies tailored to individual animals and their diseases, ultimately advancing veterinary care for companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Domrazek
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Nivy R, Kuzi S, Swinburne J, Constantino-Casas F, Gajanayake I, Bruchim Y, Berkowitz A, Watson P. Copper-associated chronic hepatitis in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3561. [PMID: 37926771 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper-associated chronic hepatitis (CuCH) is poorly characterised in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). METHODS Hepatic copper accumulation was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and blood samples were used for genetic testing to screen for known CuCH-associated genetic variants. RESULTS The study included 13 CKCS with CuCH and eight unaffected controls. Increased transaminase activities, elevated biliary enzyme concentrations and portal hypertension were documented in 100%, 73% and 38% of dogs with CuCH, respectively. Five dogs had three or more abnormalities in measures of liver function. All 11 dogs with CuCh that underwent genetic testing were homozygous negative for the COMMD1 deletion and ATP7A variant but homozygous positive (n = 7) or heterozygous (n = 4) for the ATP7B variant. Liver histology often demonstrated marked architectural distortion by severe, bridging fibrosis and regenerative nodules with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Centrilobular copper accumulation characterised early cases with minimal fibrosis. When fibrosis was significant, copper was often differentially concentrated within regenerative nodules. Chelation therapy resolved laboratory derangements and portal hypertension in five of seven dogs. Of the 7 non-surviving dogs with CuCH, 6 had not received chelation therapy. LIMITATIONS Limitations include a small cohort size and the lack of pedigree analyses to corroborate heritability. CONCLUSIONS CuCH should be considered in CKCS with suspected liver disease. Long-term prognosis seems favourable in dogs receiving chelation therapy, notwithstanding the presence of previously reported negative prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Centre, Ben-Shemen, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Kuzi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Fernando Constantino-Casas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yaron Bruchim
- Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Centre, Ben-Shemen, Israel
| | | | - Penny Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Amundson L, Kirn B, Swensson E, Millican A, Fahey G. Copper metabolism and its implications for canine nutrition. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txad147. [PMID: 38221962 PMCID: PMC10787350 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine copper nutrition has received increased attention due to recent reports of apparent copper-associated hepatitis in the USA and European Union. In order to properly address the need to modify the U.S. National Research Council and Association of American Feed Control Officials canine copper recommendations that will have implications for all dogs, it is important to understand the complexities of copper metabolism, confounding variables affecting copper status, and the available research on this topic in dogs. Recent trends in consumer preference for dog diets, supplements, and functional treats introduce another layer of complexity, as most ingredients used in these formulations provide vastly different proportions of essential nutrients, thus resulting in great variation in nutrient profiles available to the animal. Although controlled research addressing copper metabolism in dogs is limited, there are lessons to be learned from other monogastric species as well as canine case studies that can provide a base for increasing knowledge to address this issue. Copper metabolism and status in animals is affected by a multitude of factors including absorption, storage, excretion, and nutrient interactions. Given its vital role in many physiological processes, it is important that both nutritional deficiencies and toxicities be avoided. Additionally, another challenge for proper copper nutrition in dogs is the known genetic predispositions of some breeds for copper storage and excretion abnormalities. Therefore, it is imperative that veterinarians, nutritionists, and pet food manufacturers collaborate with the shared goal of providing dog food options that supply the essential nutrients at adequate concentrations to support an active and healthy life. Many questions remain regarding copper metabolism and proper diet formulation for dogs. Future research efforts should focus on discovering reliable, non-invasive methods for evaluating canine copper status, a deeper understanding of genetic predispositions of certain breeds, increased knowledge of copper contributions from various ingredients, and the role of unpredictable physiological stressors on copper metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Amundson
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA
- Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | - George C Fahey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Takanosu M, Suzuki K. Genotype frequency of ATP7A and ATP7B mutation-related copper-associated hepatitis in a Japanese guide dog Labrador retriever population. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:16-19. [PMID: 34819411 PMCID: PMC8810331 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of copper-associated hepatitis in Labrador retriever in Japan has not been examined. This study examined the genotype frequencies of ATP7B:c.4358G>A, a
mutation responsible for copper-associated hepatitis, and ATP7A:c.980C>T, a modifier of this disease, in Labrador retrievers of guide dog associations in Japan. Genetic
material was collected by buccal swabs from 253 Labrador retrievers and genotyping was performed for the ATP7B and ATP7A mutations. The gene frequency was
0.107 for ATP7B:c.4358A. For ATP7A:c.980C, the gene frequencies were 0.703 in females and 0.368 in males. In this study, we established genotyping methods
for the ATP7B:c.4358G>A and ATP7A:c.980C>T mutations. Based on the genotyping results, the risk of copper-associated hepatitis in the study population
was 0.80% in males and 1.05% in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsushi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
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Nakaichi M, Iseri T, Horikirizono H, Komine M, Itoh H, Sunahara H, Nemoto Y, Itamoto K, Tani K. Copper-associated hepatitis in a young Dalmatian dog in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:911-915. [PMID: 33840721 PMCID: PMC8267186 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A male 25-month-old Dalmatian dog attended our veterinary hospital because of anorexia and high circulating liver enzyme activities. Abdominal computed
tomography showed a slightly small liver with rounded edges, and laparoscopic examination showed that the liver was yellowish. Histopathological examination
revealed multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes and severe chronic hepatitis. Rhodanine staining showed severe copper accumulation in hepatocytes and a quantitative
analysis of the copper content of the liver showed substantial accumulation (10.3 mg/g dry mass), suggesting a diagnosis of copper-associated hepatitis.
Previously reported canine mutation in the COMMD1, the gene responsible for the copper-associated hepatitis in the Bedlington terrier, was not
identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of copper-associated hepatitis in a Dalmatian in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Nakaichi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Toshie Iseri
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiro Horikirizono
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Misa Komine
- IDEXX Laboratories K.K., Koganei, Tokyo 184-8515, Japan
| | - Harumichi Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunahara
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yuki Nemoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Itamoto
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kenji Tani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Mandigers PJJ, Van Steenbeek FG, Bergmann W, Vos-Loohuis M, Leegwater PA. A knockout mutation associated with juvenile paroxysmal dyskinesia in Markiesje dogs indicates SOD1 pleiotropy. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1547-1552. [PMID: 33677640 PMCID: PMC8519843 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A juvenile form of paroxysmal dyskinesia segregated in the Markiesje dog breed. Affected pups exhibited clinical signs of a severe tetraparesis, dystonia, cramping and falling over when trying to walk. In most cases, the presentation deteriorated within weeks and elective euthanasia was performed. Pedigree analysis indicated autosomal recessive inheritance. Genome-wide association and homozygosity mapping of 5 affected dogs from 3 litters identified the associated locus on chromosome 31 in the region of SOD1. The DNA sequence analysis of SOD1 showed that the patients were homozygous for a frameshift mutation in the fourth codon. None of the other analyzed dogs of the breed was homozygous for the mutation, indicating full penetrance of the genetic defect. Mutations in SOD1 are known to cause recessive degenerative myelopathy in middle-aged dogs with low penetrance and dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in humans with variable age of onset. Our findings are similar to recent observations in human patients that a loss of function mutation in SOD1 leads to a juvenile neurologic disease distinct from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J J Mandigers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F G Van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Bergmann
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Vos-Loohuis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P A Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Corbee RJ, Penning LC. COMMD1 Exemplifies the Power of Inbred Dogs to Dissect Genetic Causes of Rare Copper-Related Disorders. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030601. [PMID: 33668783 PMCID: PMC7996361 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson's Disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in humans, often presenting with hepatic copper overload. Finding the genetic cause of a rare disease, especially if it is related to food constituents like the trace element copper, is a Herculean task. This review describes examples of how the unique population structure of in-bred dog strains led to the discovery of a novel gene and two modifier genes involved in inherited copper toxicosis. COMMD1, after the discovery in 2002, was shown to be a highly promiscuous protein involved in copper transport, protein trafficking/degradation, regulation of virus replication, and inflammation. Mutations in the ATP7A and ATP7B proteins in Labrador retrievers and Dobermann dogs resulted in a wide variation in hepatic copper levels in these breeds. To our knowledge, numerous dog breeds with inherited copper toxicosis of unknown genetic origin exist. Therefore, the possibility that men's best friend will provide new leads in rare copper storage diseases seems realistic.
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