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Pascual-García M, Unkel M, Slotman JA, Bolleboom A, Bouwen B, Houtsmuller AB, Dirven C, Gao Z, Hijazi S, Kushner SA. Morphological correlates of pyramidal cell axonal myelination in mouse and human neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae147. [PMID: 38610088 PMCID: PMC11014882 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The axons of neocortical pyramidal neurons are frequently myelinated. Heterogeneity in the topography of axonal myelination in the cerebral cortex has been attributed to a combination of electrophysiological activity, axonal morphology, and neuronal-glial interactions. Previously, we showed that axonal segment length and caliber are critical local determinants of fast-spiking interneuron myelination. However, the factors that determine the myelination of individual axonal segments along neocortical pyramidal neurons remain largely unexplored. Here, we used structured illumination microscopy to examine the extent to which axonal morphology is predictive of the topography of myelination along neocortical pyramidal neurons. We identified critical thresholds for axonal caliber and interbranch distance that are necessary, but not sufficient, for myelination of pyramidal cell axons in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Specifically, we found that pyramidal neuron axonal segments with a caliber < 0.24 μm or interbranch distance < 18.10 μm are rarely myelinated. Moreover, we further confirmed that these findings in mice are similar for human neocortical pyramidal cell myelination (caliber < 0.25 μm, interbranch distance < 19.00 μm), suggesting that this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. Taken together, our findings suggest that axonal morphology is a critical correlate of the topography and cell-type specificity of neocortical myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pascual-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits Unkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bolleboom
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Bibi Bouwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Hijazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
- SNF Center for Precision Psychiatry & Mental Health, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
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2
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Wen X, Luo Z, Zhao W, Calandrelli R, Nguyen TC, Wan X, Charles Richard JL, Zhong S. Single-cell multiplex chromatin and RNA interactions in ageing human brain. Nature 2024; 628:648-656. [PMID: 38538789 PMCID: PMC11023937 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically organized chromatin complexes often involve multiplex chromatin interactions and sometimes chromatin-associated RNA1-3. Chromatin complex compositions change during cellular differentiation and ageing, and are expected to be highly heterogeneous among terminally differentiated single cells4-7. Here we introduce the multinucleic acid interaction mapping in single cells (MUSIC) technique for concurrent profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression and RNA-chromatin associations within individual nuclei. When applied to 14 human frontal cortex samples from older donors, MUSIC delineated diverse cortical cell types and states. We observed that nuclei exhibiting fewer short-range chromatin interactions were correlated with both an 'older' transcriptomic signature and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Furthermore, the cell type exhibiting chromatin contacts between cis expression quantitative trait loci and a promoter tends to be that in which these cis expression quantitative trait loci specifically affect the expression of their target gene. In addition, female cortical cells exhibit highly heterogeneous interactions between XIST non-coding RNA and chromosome X, along with diverse spatial organizations of the X chromosomes. MUSIC presents a potent tool for exploration of chromatin architecture and transcription at cellular resolution in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Wen
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhifei Luo
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Calandrelli
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tri C Nguyen
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xueyi Wan
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sheng Zhong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Liu Y, Yuan J, Dong Y, Jiang S, Zhang M, Zhao X. Interaction between Oligodendrocytes and Interneurons in Brain Development and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3620. [PMID: 38612430 PMCID: PMC11011273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders have recently been shown to be highly associated with the abnormal development and function of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and interneurons. OLs are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS), while interneurons are important neural types gating the function of excitatory neurons. These two types of cells are of great significance for the establishment and function of neural circuits, and they share similar developmental origins and transcriptional architectures, and interact with each other in multiple ways during development. In this review, we compare the similarities and differences in these two cell types, providing an important reference and further revealing the pathogenesis of related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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4
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Soares ÉN, Costa ACDS, Ferrolho GDJ, Ureshino RP, Getachew B, Costa SL, da Silva VDA, Tizabi Y. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:474. [PMID: 38534318 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease. It has been well established that neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release and that nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies identified nAChRs in nonneuronal cell types, including glial cells, where they may regulate inflammatory responses. Given the crucial role of neuroinflammation in dopaminergic degeneration and the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in this response, glial nAChRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in the prevention and/or treatment of PD. In this review, following a brief discussion of PD, we focus on the role of glial cells and, specifically, their nAChRs in PD pathology and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Dos Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09961-400, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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5
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Samal SK, Sharma M, Sarma JD. Isolation and Enrichment of Major Primary Neuroglial Cells from Neonatal Mouse Brain. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4921. [PMID: 38268978 PMCID: PMC10804245 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) relies on the complex interaction of neuroglial cells to carry out vital physiological functions. To comprehensively understand the structural and functional interplay between these neuroglial cells, it is essential to establish an appropriate in vitro system that can be utilized for thorough investigation. Traditional protocols for establishing primary neuronal and mixed glial cultures from prenatal mice or neural stem cells require sacrificing pregnant mice and have the drawback of yielding only specific types of cells. Our current protocol overcomes these drawbacks by utilizing the brain from day-0 pups to isolate CNS resident neuroglial cells including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes [oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and differentiated oligodendrocytes], and meningeal fibroblasts, as well as hippocampal neurons, avoiding sacrificing pregnant mice, which makes this procedure efficient and cost effective. Furthermore, through this protocol, we aim to provide step-by-step instructions for isolating and establishing different primary neuroglial cells and their characterization using cell-specific markers. This study presents an opportunity to isolate, culture, and establish all major CNS resident cells individually. These cells can be utilized in various cell-based and biochemical assays to comprehensively investigate the cell-specific roles and behaviors of brain resident cells in a reductionist approach. Key features • Efficient isolation of major neuroglial cells like meningeal fibroblasts, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia from a single day-0 neonatal mouse pup's brain. • Circumvents the sacrifice of pregnant female mice. • Acts as a bridging experimental method between secondary cell lines and in vivo systems. • Isolated cells can be used for performing various cell-based and biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Samal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
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6
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Yamada J, Maeda S, Tojo M, Hayashida M, Iinuma KM, Jinno S. Altered regulation of oligodendrocytes associated with parvalbumin neurons in the ventral hippocampus underlies fear generalization in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1668-1679. [PMID: 37277574 PMCID: PMC10516901 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fear generalization is a neurobiological process by which an organism interprets a novel stimulus as threatening because of its similarity to previously learned fear-inducing stimuli. Because recent studies have suggested that the communication between oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic neurons (PV neurons) may play critical roles in stress-related disorders, we examined the involvement of these cells in fear generalization. We first tested the behavioral characteristics of mouse models for conventional fear conditioning (cFC) and modified FC (mFC) with severe electric foot shocks and found that fear generalization was observed in mice treated with mFC but not in mice treated with cFC. The expression levels of genes related to OPCs, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and myelin in the ventral hippocampus were lower in mFC mice than in cFC mice. The densities of OPCs and OLs were decreased in the ventral hippocampus of mFC mice compared to cFC mice. The myelination ratios of PV neurons in the ventral hippocampus were lower in mFC mice than in cFC mice. The chemogenetic activation of PV neurons in the ventral hippocampus of mFC mice reduced fear generalization. The expression levels of genes related to OPCs, OLs, and myelin were recovered following the activation of PV neurons. Finally, the myelination ratios of PV neurons were increased after the activation of PV neurons. Our results suggest that altered regulation of OLs specifically associated with axons of PV neurons in the ventral hippocampus may underlie the generalization of remote fear memory following severe stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miori Tojo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miyuki Hayashida
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kyoko M Iinuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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7
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Gamlin CR, Schneider-Mizell CM, Mallory M, Elabbady L, Gouwens N, Williams G, Mukora A, Dalley R, Bodor A, Brittain D, Buchanan J, Bumbarger D, Kapner D, Kinn S, Mahalingam G, Seshamani S, Takeno M, Torres R, Yin W, Nicovich PR, Bae JA, Castro MA, Dorkenwald S, Halageri A, Jia Z, Jordan C, Kemnitz N, Lee K, Li K, Lu R, Macrina T, Mitchell E, Mondal SS, Mu S, Nehoran B, Popovych S, Silversmith W, Turner NL, Wong W, Wu J, Yu S, Berg J, Jarsky T, Lee B, Seung HS, Zeng H, Reid RC, Collman F, da Costa NM, Sorensen SA. Integrating EM and Patch-seq data: Synaptic connectivity and target specificity of predicted Sst transcriptomic types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533857. [PMID: 36993629 PMCID: PMC10055412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuit function is shaped both by the cell types that comprise the circuit and the connections between those cell types 1 . Neural cell types have previously been defined by morphology 2, 3 , electrophysiology 4, 5 , transcriptomic expression 6-8 , connectivity 9-13 , or even a combination of such modalities 14-16 . More recently, the Patch-seq technique has enabled the characterization of morphology (M), electrophysiology (E), and transcriptomic (T) properties from individual cells 17-20 . Using this technique, these properties were integrated to define 28, inhibitory multimodal, MET-types in mouse primary visual cortex 21 . It is unknown how these MET-types connect within the broader cortical circuitry however. Here we show that we can predict the MET-type identity of inhibitory cells within a large-scale electron microscopy (EM) dataset and these MET-types have distinct ultrastructural features and synapse connectivity patterns. We found that EM Martinotti cells, a well defined morphological cell type 22, 23 known to be Somatostatin positive (Sst+) 24, 25 , were successfully predicted to belong to Sst+ MET-types. Each identified MET-type had distinct axon myelination patterns and synapsed onto specific excitatory targets. Our results demonstrate that morphological features can be used to link cell type identities across imaging modalities, which enables further comparison of connectivity in relation to transcriptomic or electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, our results show that MET-types have distinct connectivity patterns, supporting the use of MET-types and connectivity to meaningfully define cell types.
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8
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Mueller-Buehl C, Wegrzyn D, Bauch J, Faissner A. Regulation of the E/I-balance by the neural matrisome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1102334. [PMID: 37143468 PMCID: PMC10151766 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian cortex a proper excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is fundamental for cognitive functions. Especially γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-releasing interneurons regulate the activity of excitatory projection neurons which form the second main class of neurons in the cortex. During development, the maturation of fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons goes along with the formation of net-like structures covering their soma and proximal dendrites. These so-called perineuronal nets (PNNs) represent a specialized form of the extracellular matrix (ECM, also designated as matrisome) that stabilize structural synapses but prevent the formation of new connections. Consequently, PNNs are highly involved in the regulation of the synaptic balance. Previous studies revealed that the formation of perineuronal nets is accompanied by an establishment of mature neuronal circuits and by a closure of critical windows of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, it has been shown that PNNs differentially impinge the integrity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders alterations of PNNs were described and aroused more attention in the last years. The following review gives an update about the role of PNNs for the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and summarizes recent findings about the impact of PNNs in different neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia or epilepsy. A targeted manipulation of PNNs might provide an interesting new possibility to indirectly modulate the synaptic balance and the E/I ratio in pathological conditions.
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9
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Park YM, Kim JH, Lee JE. Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing Arginine Decarboxylase Improve Functional Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415784. [PMID: 36555425 PMCID: PMC9779865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) cannot fully facilitate neural regeneration or improve function. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) synthesizes agmatine, an endogenous primary amine with neuroprotective effects. Transfection of human ADC (hADC) gene exerts protective effects after injury in murine brain-derived neural precursor cells (mNPCs). Following from these findings, we investigated the effects of hADC-mNPC transplantation in SCI model mice. Mice with experimentally damaged spinal cords were divided into three groups, separately transplanted with fluorescently labeled (1) control mNPCs, (2) retroviral vector (pLXSN)-infected mNPCs (pLXSN-mNPCs), and (3) hADC-mNPCs. Behavioral comparisons between groups were conducted weekly up to 6 weeks after SCI, and urine volume was measured up to 2 weeks after SCI. A subset of animals was euthanized each week after cell transplantation for molecular and histological analyses. The transplantation groups experienced significantly improved behavioral function, with the best recovery occurring in hADC-mNPC mice. Transplanting hADC-mNPCs improved neurological outcomes, induced oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination, increased neural lineage differentiation, and decreased glial scar formation. Moreover, locomotor and bladder function were both rehabilitated. These beneficial effects are likely related to differential BMP-2/4/7 expression in neuronal cells, providing an empirical basis for gene therapy as a curative SCI treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, CHA Bio-Complex, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Bio-Complex, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1646
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10
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Kole K, Voesenek BJB, Brinia ME, Petersen N, Kole MHP. Parvalbumin basket cell myelination accumulates axonal mitochondria to internodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7598. [PMID: 36494349 PMCID: PMC9734141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) basket cells are fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons that exert critical control over local circuit activity and oscillations. PV+ axons are often myelinated, but the electrical and metabolic roles of interneuron myelination remain poorly understood. Here, we developed viral constructs allowing cell type-specific investigation of mitochondria with genetically encoded fluorescent probes. Single-cell reconstructions revealed that mitochondria selectively cluster to myelinated segments of PV+ basket cells, confirmed by analyses of a high-resolution electron microscopy dataset. In contrast to the increased mitochondrial densities in excitatory axons cuprizone-induced demyelination abolished mitochondrial clustering in PV+ axons. Furthermore, with genetic deletion of myelin basic protein the mitochondrial clustering was still observed at internodes wrapped by noncompacted myelin, indicating that compaction is dispensable. Finally, two-photon imaging of action potential-evoked calcium (Ca2+) responses showed that interneuron myelination attenuates both the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ transients. These findings suggest that oligodendrocyte ensheathment of PV+ axons assembles mitochondria to branch selectively fine-tune metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kole
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas J. B. Voesenek
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria E. Brinia
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527 Greece
| | - Naomi Petersen
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. P. Kole
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Thau-Zuchman O, Pallier PN, Savelkoul PJM, Kuipers AAM, Verkuyl JM, Michael-Titus AT. High phenylalanine concentrations induce demyelination and microglial activation in mouse cerebellar organotypic slices. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926023. [PMID: 36248632 PMCID: PMC9559601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism. Mutations in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)-encoding gene lead to a decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe). The deficiency in PAH increases Phe levels in blood and brain. Accumulation of Phe can lead to delayed development, psychiatric problems and cognitive impairment. White matter (WM) damage is a neuropathological hallmark of PKU and can be seen even in early detected and treated PKU patients. The mechanisms linking high Phe concentrations to WM abnormalities remain unclear. We tested the effects of high Phe concentrations on myelin in three in vitro models of increasing complexity: two simple cell culture models and one model that preserves local brain tissue architecture, a cerebellar organotypic slice culture prepared from postnatal day (P) 8 CD-1 mice. Various Phe concentrations (0.1–10 mM) and durations of exposure were tested. We found no toxic effect of high Phe in the cell culture models. On the contrary, the treatment promoted the maturation of oligodendrocytes, particularly at the highest, non-physiological Phe concentrations. Exposure of cerebellar organotypic slices to 2.4 mM Phe for 21 days in vitro (DIV), but not 7 or 10 DIV, resulted in a significant decrease in myelin basic protein (MBP), calbindin-stained neurites, and neurites co-stained with MBP. Following exposure to a toxic concentration of Phe, a switch to the control medium for 7 days did not lead to remyelination, while very active remyelination was seen in slices following demyelination with lysolecithin. An enhanced number of microglia, displaying an activated type morphology, was seen after exposure of the slices to 2.4 mM Phe for 10 or 21 DIV. The results suggest that prolonged exposure to high Phe concentrations can induce microglial activation preceding significant disruption of myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N. Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Patrick N. Pallier,
| | | | | | | | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Transcriptome Profiling of the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex in Suicide Victims. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137067. [PMID: 35806070 PMCID: PMC9266666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays an outstanding role in psychiatric disorders. Still, gene expressional changes in its major component, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), have not been characterized. We used RNA sequencing in postmortem DMPFC samples to investigate suicide victims compared to control subjects. 1400 genes differed using log2FC > ±1 and adjusted p-value < 0.05 criteria between groups. Genes associated with depressive disorder, schizophrenia and impaired cognition were strongly overexpressed in top differentially expressed genes. Protein−protein interaction and co-expressional networks coupled with gene set enrichment analysis revealed that pathways related to cytokine receptor signaling were enriched in downregulated, while glutamatergic synaptic signaling upregulated genes in suicidal individuals. A validated differentially expressed gene, which is known to be associated with mGluR5, was the N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding protein 2 (NECAB2). In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry proved that NECAB2 is expressed in two different types of inhibitory neurons located in layers II-IV and VI, respectively. Our results imply extensive gene expressional alterations in the DMPFC related to suicidal behavior. Some of these genes may contribute to the altered mental state and behavior of suicide victims.
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Gururajan A. The impact of chronic stress on the PFC transcriptome: a bioinformatic meta-analysis of publicly available RNA-sequencing datasets. Stress 2022; 25:305-312. [PMID: 35983587 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is one of several brain structures that are sensitive to chronic stress exposure. There have been several studies which have examined the effects on chronic stress, using various protocols such as chronic unpredictable stress and chronic social defeat stress, on the PFC transcriptome. In this report, a bioinformatic meta-analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing datasets (101 samples) from seven chronic stress studies was carried out to identify core PFC transcriptional signatures that underpin behavioral phenotypes including resilience and susceptibility. The results showed 160 differentially expressed genes in chronic stress mice compared to controls with significant enrichment in mechanisms associated with translation and localization of membrane-bound proteins with a putative effect on synaptic plasticity in glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, the meta-analysis revealed no differentially expressed genes in resilient mice but 144 in susceptible mice compared to controls, of which 44 were not identified in the individual studies. Enrichment analysis revealed that susceptibility genes were most affected in oligodendrocytes and linked to mechanisms which mediate biochemical, bidirectional communication between this cell-type and myelinated axons. These results provide new avenues for further research into the neurobiology and treatment of chronic stress-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Gururajan
- Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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