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Yin M, Qian P, Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Lu Z, Li X. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) negatively regulates ZFP36 protein expression to alleviate its antiviral activity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0111424. [PMID: 39194213 PMCID: PMC11406947 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01114-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) is a key regulator of inflammatory and cytokine production. However, the interplay between swine zinc-finger protein 36 (sZFP36) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of sZFP36 restricted FMDV replication, while the knockdown of sZFP36 facilitated FMDV replication. To subvert the antagonism of sZFP36, FMDV decreased sZFP36 protein expression through its non-structural protein 3C protease (3Cpro). Our results also suggested that 3Cpro-mediated sZFP36 degradation was dependent on its protease activity. Further investigation revealed that both N-terminal and C-terminal-sZFP36 could be degraded by FMDV and FMDV 3Cpro. In addition, both N-terminal and C-terminal-sZFP36 decreased FMDV replication. Moreover, sZFP36 promotes the degradation of FMDV structural proteins VP3 and VP4 via the CCCH-type zinc finger and NES domains of sZFP36. Together, our results confirm that sZFP36 is a host restriction factor that negatively regulates FMDV replication.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease of animals caused by the pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMD is difficult to prevent and control because there is no cross-protection between its serotypes. Thus, we designed this study to investigate virus-host interactions. We first demonstrate that swine zinc-finger protein 36 (sZFP36) impaired FMDV structural proteins VP3 and VP4 to suppress viral replication. To subvert the antagonism of sZFP36, FMDV and FMDV 3Cpro downregulate sZFP36 expression to facilitate FMDV replication. Taken together, the present study reveals a previously unrecognized antiviral mechanism for ZFP36 and elucidates the role of FMDV in counteracting host antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Mushtaq H, Shah SS, Zarlashat Y, Iqbal M, Abbas W. Cell Culture Adaptive Amino Acid Substitutions in FMDV Structural Proteins: A Key Mechanism for Altered Receptor Tropism. Viruses 2024; 16:512. [PMID: 38675855 PMCID: PMC11054764 DOI: 10.3390/v16040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease virus is a highly contagious and economically devastating virus of cloven-hooved animals, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats, causing reduced animal productivity and posing international trade restrictions. For decades, chemically inactivated vaccines have been serving as the most effective strategy for the management of foot-and-mouth disease. Inactivated vaccines are commercially produced in cell culture systems, which require successful propagation and adaptation of field isolates, demanding a high cost and laborious time. Cell culture adaptation is chiefly indebted to amino acid substitutions in surface-exposed capsid proteins, altering the necessity of RGD-dependent receptors to heparan sulfate macromolecules for virus binding. Several amino acid substations in VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins of FMDV, both at structural and functional levels, have been characterized previously. This literature review combines frequently reported amino acid substitutions in virus capsid proteins, their critical roles in virus adaptation, and functional characterization of the substitutions. Furthermore, this data can facilitate molecular virologists to develop new vaccine strains against the foot-and-mouth disease virus, revolutionizing vaccinology via reverse genetic engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mushtaq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-C (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (H.M.); (M.I.)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Syed Salman Shah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Zarlashat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-C (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (H.M.); (M.I.)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Abbas
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-C (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (H.M.); (M.I.)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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Synergetic interaction of capsid proteins for virus-like particles assembly of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype O) from the inclusion bodies. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 204:106231. [PMID: 36623711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant virus-like particles (VLP) with single capsid protein have been successfully produced through prokaryotic system, but for those with multiple capsid proteins such as the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), this approach is more challenging. In this study, in vitro assembly of FMDV VLP was investigated with its capsids VP1, VP2 and VP3 separately expressed as inclusion bodies. After extraction and solubilization, three capsids were purified in denatured state through a flow-through model, increasing its purity to 90%. VLP assembly for FMDV was observed after diluting the mixture of denatured capsids in the ration of 1: 1: 1, while no VLP appeared if the separately diluted and refolded capsids were co-incubated. This result suggests certain synergetic interactions exist among the three capsids, which are crucial for FMDV VLP assembly. Sodium chloride and capsid protein concentration both greatly affect the assembling efficiency. After purification through size exclusion chromatography, VLP with similar diameter and morphology as inactivated FMDV were obtained, which elicited high IgG titers and B cell activation when vaccinated in mouse. It could also induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in splenocytes proliferative experiments. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of in vitro assembling FMDV VLP from inclusion bodies of VP1, VP2 and VP3 for the first time.
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Park SY, Jin JS, Kim D, Kim JY, Park SH, Park JH, Park CK, Ko YJ. Development of Monoclonal Antibody to Specifically Recognize VP0 but Not VP4 and VP2 of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121493. [PMID: 36558827 PMCID: PMC9782706 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious vesicular disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and often causes enormous economic loss in the livestock industry. The capsid of FMD virus (FMDV) consists of four structural proteins. Initially, one copy each of the proteins VP0, VP3, and VP1 are folded together into a protomer, and five copies of the protomer compose a pentamer. Finally, 12 pentamers are assembled into an icosahedral capsid. At the maturation stage during RNA encapsidation, VP0 is cleaved into VP4 and VP2. The mechanism underlying VP0 maturation remains unclear. While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against VP2 have been developed in previous studies, a mAb specific to VP0 has not yet been reported. In this study, we generated VP0-specific mAbs by immunizing mice with peptides spanning the C-terminal amino acids of VP4 and N-terminal amino acids of VP2. We verified that these mAbs displayed specificity to VP0 with no reactivity to VP4 or VP2. Therefore, these mAbs could prove useful in identifying the role of VP0 in FMDV replication and elucidating the mechanism underlying VP0 cleavage into VP4 and VP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sook Jin
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-K.P.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-5395-059-73 (C.-K.P.); +82-5491-209-08 (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-K.P.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-5395-059-73 (C.-K.P.); +82-5491-209-08 (Y.-J.K.)
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Lu Z, Yu S, Wang W, Chen W, Wang X, Wu K, Li X, Fan S, Ding H, Yi L, Chen J. Development of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines in Recent Years. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1817. [PMID: 36366327 PMCID: PMC9693445 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a serious disease affecting the global graziery industry. Once an epidemic occurs, it can lead to economic and trade stagnation. In recent decades, FMD has been effectively controlled and even successfully eradicated in some countries or regions through mandatory vaccination with inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Nevertheless, FMD still occurs in some parts of Africa and Asia. The transmission efficiency of foot-and-mouth disease is high. Both disease countries and disease-free countries should always be prepared to deal with outbreaks of FMD. The development of vaccines has played a key role in this regard. This paper summarizes the development of several promising vaccines including progress and design ideas. It also provides ways to develop a new generation of vaccines for FMDV and other major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
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