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Ferreira AFF, Ulrich H, Feng ZP, Sun HS, Britto LR. Neurodegeneration and glial morphological changes are both prevented by TRPM2 inhibition during the progression of a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114780. [PMID: 38649091 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuron death and neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in neuron death and glial activation in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the involvement of TRPM2 in PD and specifically its relation to the neuroinflammation aspect of the disease remains poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that AG490, a TRPM2 inhibitor, can be used as a treatment in a mouse model of PD. Mice underwent stereotaxic surgery for 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration in the right striatum. Motor behavioral tests (apomorphine, cylinder, and rotarod) were performed on day 3 post-injection to confirm the PD model induction. AG490 was then daily injected i.p. between days 3 to 6 after surgery. On day 6, motor behavior was assessed again. Substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum (CPu) were collected for immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR analysis on day 7. Our results revealed that AG490 post-treatment reduced motor behavior impairment and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. In addition, the compound prevented TRPM2 upregulation and changes of the Akt/GSK-3β/caspase-3 signaling pathway. The TRPM2 inhibition also avoids the glial morphology changes observed in the PD group. Remarkably, the morphometrical analysis revealed that the ameboid-shaped microglia, found in 6-OHDA-injected animals, were no longer present in the AG490-treated group. These results indicate that AG490 treatment can reduce dopaminergic neuronal death and suppress neuroinflammation in a PD mouse model. Inhibition of TRPM2 by AG490 could then represent a potential therapeutical strategy to be evaluated for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia F Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tóth ÁV, Bartók Á. Reviewing critical TRPM2 variants through a structure-function lens. J Biotechnol 2024; 385:49-57. [PMID: 38442841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel plays a central role in connecting redox state with calcium signaling in living cells. This coupling makes TRPM2 essential for physiological functions such as pancreatic insulin secretion or cytokine production, but also allows it to contribute to pathological processes, including neuronal cell death or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Genetic deletion of the channel, albeit not lethal, alters physiological functions in mice. In humans, population genetic studies and whole-exome sequencing have identified several common and rare genetic variants associated with mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in exonic regions. In this review, we summarize available information on the four best-documented SNVs: one common (rs1556314) and three rare genetic variants (rs139554968, rs35288229, and rs145947009), manifested in amino acid substitutions D543E, R707C, R755C, and P1018L respectively. We discuss existing evidence supporting or refuting the associations between SNVs and disease. Furthermore, we aim to interpret the molecular impacts of these amino acid substitutions based on recently published structures of human TRPM2. Finally, we formulate testable hypotheses and suggest means to investigate them. Studying the function of proteins with rare mutations might provide insight into disease etiology and delineate new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám V Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HCEMM-SE Molecular Channelopathies Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HUN-REN-SE Ion Channel Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bartók
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HCEMM-SE Molecular Channelopathies Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HUN-REN-SE Ion Channel Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary.
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Okada Y, Numata T, Sabirov RZ, Kashio M, Merzlyak PG, Sato-Numata K. Cell death induction and protection by activation of ubiquitously expressed anion/cation channels. Part 3: the roles and properties of TRPM2 and TRPM7. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1246955. [PMID: 37842082 PMCID: PMC10576435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1246955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell volume regulation (CVR) is a prerequisite for animal cells to survive and fulfill their functions. CVR dysfunction is essentially involved in the induction of cell death. In fact, sustained normotonic cell swelling and shrinkage are associated with necrosis and apoptosis, and thus called the necrotic volume increase (NVI) and the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), respectively. Since a number of ubiquitously expressed ion channels are involved in the CVR processes, these volume-regulatory ion channels are also implicated in the NVI and AVD events. In Part 1 and Part 2 of this series of review articles, we described the roles of swelling-activated anion channels called VSOR or VRAC and acid-activated anion channels called ASOR or PAC in CVR and cell death processes. Here, Part 3 focuses on therein roles of Ca2+-permeable non-selective TRPM2 and TRPM7 cation channels activated by stress. First, we summarize their phenotypic properties and molecular structure. Second, we describe their roles in CVR. Since cell death induction is tightly coupled to dysfunction of CVR, third, we focus on their participation in the induction of or protection against cell death under oxidative, acidotoxic, excitotoxic, and ischemic conditions. In this regard, we pay attention to the sensitivity of TRPM2 and TRPM7 to a variety of stress as well as to their capability to physicall and functionally interact with other volume-related channels and membrane enzymes. Also, we summarize a large number of reports hitherto published in which TRPM2 and TRPM7 channels are shown to be involved in cell death associated with a variety of diseases or disorders, in some cases as double-edged swords. Lastly, we attempt to describe how TRPM2 and TRPM7 are organized in the ionic mechanisms leading to cell death induction and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Okada
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical Uniersity, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
| | - Ravshan Z. Sabirov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Makiko Kashio
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical Uniersity, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Peter G. Merzlyak
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kaori Sato-Numata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
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Szollosi A, Almássy J. Functional characterization of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channel from Nematostella vectensis reconstituted into lipid bilayer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11471. [PMID: 37454209 PMCID: PMC10349829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channel activity is required for insulin secretion, immune cell activation and body heat control. Channel activation upon oxidative stress is involved in the pathology of stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. Cytosolic Ca2+, ADP-ribose (ADPR) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are the obligate activators of the channel. Several TRPM2 cryo-EM structures have been resolved to date, yet functionality of the purified protein has not been tested. Here we reconstituted overexpressed and purified TRPM2 from Nematostella vectensis (nvTRPM2) into lipid bilayers and found that the protein is fully functional. Consistent with the observations in native membranes, nvTRPM2 in lipid bilayers is co-activated by cytosolic Ca2+ and either ADPR or ADPR-2'-phosphate (ADPRP). The physiological metabolite ADPRP has a higher apparent affinity than ADPR. In lipid bilayers nvTRPM2 displays a large linear unitary conductance, its open probability (Po) shows little voltage dependence and is stable over several minutes. Po is high without addition of exogenous PIP2, but is largely blunted by treatment with poly-L-Lysine, a polycation that masks PIP2 headgroups. These results indicate that PIP2 or some other activating phosphoinositol lipid co-purifies with nvTRPM2, suggesting a high PIP2 binding affinity of nvTRPM2 under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Szollosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
- ELKH-SE Ion Channel Research Group, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Channelopathies Research Group, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
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Li Q, Wang H, Liu L, Weng Y, Xu S, Li L, Wang Z. Suppression of the NLRP3 Inflammasome through Activation of the Transient Receptor Potential Channel Melastatin 2 Promotes Osteogenesis in Tooth Extraction Sockets of Periodontitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:213-232. [PMID: 36410421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role of transient receptor potential channel melastatin 2 (TRPM2)-mediated activation of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in osteogenesis during healing of tooth extraction sockets. Tooth extraction socket tissue samples were collected from patients with or without periodontitis. In a TRPM2 knockout mouse model of socket healing, mice with or without periodontitis and their wild-type littermates were used for comparing the socket healing phenotypes. Micro-computed tomography imaging, three-dimensional reconstruction of the sockets, and hematoxylin and eosin staining for histopathologic analysis were performed. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis were used for evaluation of protein expression; the mRNA levels were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was evaluated. Calcium deposition was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining. NLRP3 and CASP1 were up-regulated in tooth sockets of periodontitis patients. NLRP3 knockdown promoted the osteogenic differentiation of maxillary BMMSCs under inflammatory conditions. TRPM2 was up-regulated in the tooth extraction socket tissue of periodontitis. Inhibiting TRPM2 expression mitigated the NLRP3 inflammasome and its deleterious effect on osteogenesis. Activation of the TRPM2 ion channel regulated osteogenesis of BMMSCs under inflammatory conditions via Ca2+ influx, the mitochondrial dynamics, and pyroptosis. Targeting the TRPM2/Ca2+/NLRP3 axis could be beneficial in the healing process of the tooth extraction sockets of patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Haicheng Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuteng Weng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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Current Approaches in Molecular Enzymology. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030336. [PMID: 35330087 PMCID: PMC8954395 DOI: 10.3390/life12030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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TRPM2 Non-Selective Cation Channels in Liver Injury Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081243. [PMID: 34439491 PMCID: PMC8389341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPM2 channels admit Ca2+ and Na+ across the plasma membrane and release Ca2+ and Zn2+ from lysosomes. Channel activation is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a subsequent increase in ADP-ribose and the binding of ADP-ribose to an allosteric site in the cytosolic NUDT9 homology domain. In many animal cell types, Ca2+ entry via TRPM2 channels mediates ROS-initiated cell injury and death. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of the roles of TRPM2 and Ca2+ in the initiation and progression of chronic liver diseases and acute liver injury. Studies to date provide evidence that TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ entry contributes to drug-induced liver toxicity, ischemia–reperfusion injury, and the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Of particular current interest are the steps involved in the activation of TRPM2 in hepatocytes following an increase in ROS, the downstream pathways activated by the resultant increase in intracellular Ca2+, and the chronology of these events. An apparent contradiction exists between these roles of TRPM2 and the role identified for ROS-activated TRPM2 in heart muscle and in some other cell types in promoting Ca2+-activated mitochondrial ATP synthesis and cell survival. Inhibition of TRPM2 by curcumin and other “natural” compounds offers an attractive strategy for inhibiting ROS-induced liver cell injury. In conclusion, while it has been established that ROS-initiated activation of TRPM2 contributes to both acute and chronic liver injury, considerable further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved, and the conditions under which pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 can be an effective clinical strategy to reduce ROS-initiated liver injury.
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